To obtain a chronological list of:
And if you want to open any item in the first column, just click on the PERSON/EVENT you have selected.
| PERSON/EVENT | PERIOD | DATE | INFORMATION | DISCIPLINE | POLITICAL HISTORY | MENU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | ||||||
| ABBAS I OF IRAN | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1623 | Sultan of Iran v Ottoman Turks | History (HY) | IRAN (IRA) | MENU |
| ABBOTT, LEMUEL FRANCIS | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1800 |
Via Nelson - English portrait painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ABDELKADER, AMIR OF MASCARA | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1832 |
Via Algeria - leader and founder |
History (HY) | ALGERIA (ALG) | MENU |
| ABDUL HAMID II, SULTAN | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via Armenian Massacres |
History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| ABELARD, PIERRE | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1113 | French philosopher and theologian | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| ABOLITION OF SLAVE TRADE, SOCIETY | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1807 |
Via Abolition of Slave Trade |
History (HY) | AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE (SLT) from c1502 |
MENU |
| ABORIGINALS, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1860 |
Via Burke and Wills - Australia |
History (HY) | AUSTRALIA (AUS) | MENU |
| ABOUKIR BAY, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1798 | Nelson destroys French fleet | History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| ABU AL-HASAN OF MOROCCO | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1340 |
Via Battle of Rio Salado - defeated |
History (HY) | MOORS (MOO) | MENU |
| ABU SIMBEL,THE TEMPLES OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 |
Via Burckhardt - ancient temples |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| ABU YA'QUB YUSUF | RICHARD I (R1) 1189-1199 |
1196 |
Via Alfonso VIII - Almohad caliph |
History (HY) | MOORS (MOO) | MENU |
| ACAMAPICHTLI, KING | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1377 | Founder of Aztec dynasty - 1375-95 | History (HY) | AZTECS (AZT) | MENU |
| ACHARD, FRANZ | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1802 |
Via Snippets - sugar from beetroot |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| ACHINOV, NIKOLAI IVANOVICH | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1889 |
Via Adowa - Russian adventurer |
History (HY) | ETHIOPIA (ETH) | MENU |
| ACRES, BIRT | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via Motion Picture Industry |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| ADAM, ADOLPHE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1841 |
Via Delibes - Fr.composer - Giselle |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| ADAM, ROBERT | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1762 | Scottish architect and designer | Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| ADAMS, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1768 |
Via Boston Massacre - Am. politician |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| ADAMS, JOHN COUCH | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1845 | English astronomer - Neptune | Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1821 |
Via Monroe Doctrine - Am. diplomat |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| ADAMS, SAMUEL | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1773 |
Via Boston Tea Party - Am. politician |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| ADAMS, WILLIAM | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1603 |
Via Tokugawa - English sailor |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| ADDIS ABABA, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 |
Via First Italo-Ethiopian War |
History (HY) | ETHIOPIA (ETH) | MENU |
| ADDISON, JOSEPH | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1709 | English essayist - The Spectator | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| ADDISON, THOMAS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1855 |
Via 1850s - English physician |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| ADOWA, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 | Ethiopian victory over Italians | History (HY) | ETHIOPIA (ETH) | MENU |
| ADRIANOPLE, THE TREATY OF | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1829 |
Via War of Greek Independence |
History (HY) | GREECE (GRE) | MENU |
| AESTHETIC MOVEMENT, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1862 |
Via Whistler - Art for Art's sake |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| AETHELING, EDGAR | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1070 |
Via Hereward - heir to English throne |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| AFONSO HENRIQUES | STEPHEN (ST) 1135-1154 |
1139 | Gains independence for Portugal | History (HY) | PORTUGAL (POR) | MENU |
| AFONSO III OF PORTUGAL | STEPHEN (ST) 1135-1154 |
1250 |
Via Portugal - ruled 1248-1279 |
History (HY) | PORTUGAL (POR) | MENU |
| AFRICAN ASSOCIATION, THE | GEORGE III(G3a) 1788-1802 |
1788 |
Via Banks - the exploration of Africa |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| AFRICAN COLONIES | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via Berlin Conference - division |
History (HY) | AFRICA (AFR) | MENU |
| AGASSIZ, LOUIS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1829 |
Via Lamarck - Swiss zoologist/geologist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| AGINCOURT, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY V (H5) 1413-1422 |
1415 | English victory over the French | History (HY) | HUNDRED YEARS WAR (HYW) 1339-1453 |
MENU |
| AGNADELLO, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1509 |
Via Italian Wars-defeat of Venice |
History (HY) | ITALIAN WARS (ITW) 1494-1559 |
MENU |
| AGRICOLA, GEORGIUS | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1546 | German scientist - mineralogy | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1730 |
Via Charles Townshend |
Agriculture (AG) | XNA | MENU |
| AIN JALUT, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1260 |
Via Hulagu - defeated by Mamlukes |
History (HY) | MONGOLS (MON) | MENU |
| AINSWORTH, WILLIAM HARRISON | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1849 |
Via Witchcraft - Lancashire Witches |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, THE TREATY OF | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1668 |
Via Louis XIV-ends War of Devolution |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, TREATY OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1748 | Ends war of Austrian Succession | History (HY) | AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION (WAS) 1740-1748 |
MENU |
| AKBAR KHAN, MOHAMMAD | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1841 |
Via First Anglo-Afghan War |
History (HY) | AFGHANISTAN (AFG) | MENU |
| AKBAR, MUGHAL EMPEROR | MARY I (M1) 1553-1558 |
1556 | To 1605 - Extends into Northern India | History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| AKERBLAD, JOHAN DAVID | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1802 |
Via Rosetta Stone - decipherer |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| ALABAMA CLAIMS, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1872 |
Via End of American Civil War |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| ALAMO, BATTLE OF THE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1836 |
Via Texan War of Independence |
History (HY) | TEXAS (TEX) | MENU |
| ALARCOS, THE BATTLE OF | RICHARD I (R1) 1189-1199 |
1196 |
Via Alfonso VIII - Almohad victory |
History (HY) | MOORS (MOO) | MENU |
| ALASKA GOLD RUSH | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 |
Via Witwatersrand - Anvil Creek |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| ALASKA PURCHASE, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1867 | Bought by the United States | History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| ALBENIZ, ISAAC | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1887 |
Via Liszt - Spanish composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| ALBERTI, LEON BATTISTA | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1436 |
Via Florence - Italian writer/architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| ALBIGENSIAN CRUSADE | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1209 | Against heretical Christian sect | Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| ALBINONI,TOMASO | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1722 |
Via Bach - Italian composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| ALBINUS, BERNARD | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1720 |
Via Boerhaave - German anatomist |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| ALBUERA, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1811 |
Via Peninsular War - the Die-Hards |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| ALBUQUERQUE, AFONSO DE | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1510 |
Via Almeida-Portuguese soldier - Goa |
History (HY) | PORTUGAL (POR) | MENU |
| ALCANTARA, THE BATTLE OF | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1580 | Spain conquers Portugal | History (HY) | PORTUGAL (POR) | MENU |
| ALCOTT, LOUISA MAY | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 |
Via Twain - Am.writer - Little Women |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| ALDINE PRESS, THE | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1495 |
Via Aldus Manutius - set up in Venice |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| ALERHEIM, THE BATTLE OF | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1645 |
Via Thirty Yrs War - Habsburg defeat |
History (HY) | THIRTY YEARS WAR (TYW) 1618-1648 |
MENU |
| ALES, THE PEACE OF | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1629 |
Via Richelieu - Prot. rights limited |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| ALEXANDER I, TSAR | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 | Russian Tsar (1801-25) Holy Alliance | History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| ALEXANDER II, TSAR | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1861 | The emancipation of the serfs | History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| ALEXANDER III, POPE | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1177 | Conflict with German King Frederick I | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| ALEXIS, TSAR OF RUSSIA | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1649 | To 1676 - serfdom established by law | History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| ALEXIUS I COMNENUS | WILLIAM II (W2) 1087-1100 |
1091 | Byzantine Emperor 1081-1118 | History (HY) | BYZANTIUM (EMPIRE) (BYZ) | MENU |
| ALFANO, FRANCO | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1926 |
Via Puccini - It.composer -Turandot |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| ALFONSO I | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1118 | King of Navarre and Aragon | History (HY) | MOORS (MOO) | MENU |
| ALFONSO VI OF CASTILE | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1086 | Defeated by the Moors at Zalaca | History (HY) | MOORS (MOO) | MENU |
| ALFONSO VIII OF CASTILE | RICHARD I (R1) 1189-1199 |
1196 | Defeated by the Moors at Alarcos | History (HY) | MOORS (MOO) | MENU |
| ALGERIA, NORTH-WEST AFRICA | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1830 | French invasion 1830 - 1847 | History (HY) | ALGERIA (ALG) | MENU |
| ALHAMBRA PALACE, THE | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1236 |
Via Ferdinand III - in Granada |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| ALI MASJID, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1878 |
Via Second Anglo-Afghan War |
History (HY) | AFGHANISTAN (AFG) | MENU |
| AL-IDRISI, MOHAMMAD | STEPHEN (ST) 1135-1154 |
1154 | Arab geographer - map of the world | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| ALJUBARROTA, THE BATTLE OF | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1385 |
Via Portugal - victory over Castile |
History (HY) | PORTUGAL (POR) | MENU |
| AL-KASHI, JAMSHID | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1425 |
Via Ulugh Beg-Persian mathematician |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| ALLSTON, WASHINGTON | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1804 |
Via Gericault - Am.romantic artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ALMA RIVER, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1854 | Battle in the Crimean War- September | History (HY) | CRIMEAN WAR (CRW) 1853-1856 |
MENU |
| ALMAGRO, DIEGO DE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1535 |
Via Chile - Spanish conquistador |
History (HY) | CHILE (CHL) | MENU |
| ALMANSA, THE BATTLE OF | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1707 |
Via Spanish Succession-Sp/Fr victory |
History (HY) | SPANISH SUCCESSION (WSS) 1701-1714 |
MENU |
| ALMEIDA, LOURENCO DE | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1508 | Port.sailor killled in battle with Arabs | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| ALMOHADS, THE | STEPHEN (ST) 1135-1154 |
1147 | Collapse of the Almoravid Empire | History (HY) | MOORS (MOO) | MENU |
| ALMORAVIDS, THE | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1076 | Prepare for the invasion of Spain | History (HY) | MOORS (MOO) | MENU |
| ALP-ARSLAN, SULTAN | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1070 |
Via Seljuk Turks - Battle of Manzikert |
History (HY) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| ALTAMIRA CAVE, SPAIN | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 | Stone-age wall paintings - northern Sp | Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| ALTAN KHAN | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1550 |
Via Chia-Ching - Mongol leader |
History (HY) | MONGOLS (MON) | MENU |
| ALTDORFER, ALBRECHT | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1529 |
Via Durer - German painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ALTRANSTADT, THE TREATY OF | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1706 |
Via Charles XII - Augustus II deposed |
History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| ALVA, THE DUKE OF | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1567 | Spanish ruler - Netherlands 1567-73 | History (HY) | NETHERLANDS (NET) | MENU |
| AMATI, ANDREA | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1564 |
Via Tallis - Italian violin maker |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| AMATI, NICOLO | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1666 |
Via Stradivarius - violin maker/teacher |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| AMERICAN CIVIL WAR, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1861 | North v South 1861-1865 | History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| AMERICAN DOLLAR, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1792 |
Via Snippets - first introduced |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1776 | Declaration of American independence | History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| AMERICAN MUTOSCOPE COMPANY, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via Motion Picture Industry |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1775 | To 1783 - victory for colonists | History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| AMERICAN WILD WEST, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1880 | Outlaws - Billy the Kid, Jessie James | History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| AMERICA'S CUP, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1851 |
Via Snippets - annual yacht race |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| AMHERST, LORD | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1816 |
Via Snippets - refuses to kowtow |
History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| AMIENS, THE TREATY OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1802 | Ends French Revolutionary Wars | History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| AMOAFUL, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1874 |
Via Third Anglo-Ashanti War |
History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| AMPERE, ANDRE MARIE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1827 |
Via Oersted - French physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| AMUNDSEN, ROALD | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1906 |
Via Franklin - makes NW passage |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| ANAK KRAKATOA ERUPTS | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1883 |
Via Snippets - volcano in Indonesia |
History (HY) | SOUTHEAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| ANCON, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1883 |
Via War of the Pacific - settlement |
History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| ANDERSEN, HANS CHRISTIAN | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1835 | Danish writer of fairy tales | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| ANDERSON, ELIZABETH GARRETT | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1865 |
Via Nightingale - first Eng.woman doc |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| ANDREA DEL SARTO | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1525 |
Via Michelangelo - Florentine painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ANDREE, SALOMON AUGUST | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1897 |
Via Franklin - Swedish engineer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| ANGKOR THOM | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1181 | New capital of Khmer Empire | History (HY) | SOUTHEAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| ANGKOR WAT | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1113 | Hindu temple of the Khmer Empire | Archaeology (AY) | SOUTHEAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| ANGLO-ABYSSINIAN WAR, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 |
Via Stanley-Battles Arogye & Magdala |
History (HY) | ETHIOPIA (ETH) | MENU |
| ANGLO-AFGHAN WAR, FIRST | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 | British suffer serious setback | History (HY) | AFGHANISTAN (AFG) | MENU |
| ANGLO-AFGHAN WAR, SECOND | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1878 | Successful British invasion | History (HY) | AFGHANISTAN (AFG) | MENU |
| ANGLO-AMERICAN DISPUTE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via dispute between UK & Venezuela |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| ANGLO-ASHANTI WAR, FIRST | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1824 | To 1831 - victories for both sides | History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| ANGLO-ASHANTI WAR, FOURTH | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 | Ashanti Empire annexed by British | History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| ANGLO-ASHANTI WAR, SECOND | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1863 |
Via Third Anglo-Ashanti War |
History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| ANGLO-ASHANTI WAR, THIRD | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1873 | British victoy - Kumasi captured | History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| ANGLO-BOER WAR, THE FIRST | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1880 | British defeated at Majuba Hill | History (HY) | ANGLO-BOER WAR (1ST) (FBW) 1880-1881 |
MENU |
| ANGLO-BOER WAR, THE SECOND | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1899 | Ladysmith & Mafeking under siege | History (HY) | ANGLO-BOER WAR (2ND) (SBW) 1899-1902 |
MENU |
| ANGLO-BURMESE WAR, FIRST | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1824 | Border dispute - Treaty of Yandabo | History (HY) | SOUTHEAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| ANGLO-BURMESE WAR, SECOND | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1852 | British take control of Lower Burma | History (HY) | SOUTHEAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| ANGLO-BURMESE WAR, THIRD | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 | British annex Upper Burma | History (HY) | SOUTHEAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| ANGLO-DUTCH WAR, FIRST | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1652 | To 1654 - fought over trading rights | History (HY) | NETHERLANDS (NET) | MENU |
| ANGLO-DUTCH WAR, SECOND | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1664 | To 1667 - Dutch sail up Thames | History (HY) | NETHERLANDS (NET) | MENU |
| ANGLO-DUTCH WAR, THE FOURTH | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1780 |
Via War at Sea - Am.Independence |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| ANGLO-DUTCH WAR, THIRD | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1672 | To 1674 - Victory for the Dutch | History (HY) | NETHERLANDS (NET) | MENU |
| ANGLO-EGYPTIAN WAR, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1882 | British invade and occupy Egypt | History (HY) | EGYPT (EGY) | MENU |
| ANGLO-FRENCH WAR -AMERICA | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1756 |
Via Seven Years' War - N. America |
History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| ANGLO-FRENCH WAR IN INDIA | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1756 |
Via Seven Years' War - India |
History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| ANGLO-MARATHA WAR, FIRST | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1775 | In Central India - 1775-1882 | History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| ANGLO-MARATHA WARS 2nd/3rd | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1818 | 1803 -1805 and 1817-1818 | History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| ANGLO-MYSORE WARS, THE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1780 |
Via Anglo-Maratha Wars, India |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| ANGLO-PORTUGUESE TREATY | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1891 |
Via First Matabele War - settlement |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| ANGLO-SUDAN WAR, SECOND | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 | British re-conquer the Sudan | History (HY) | SUDAN (SUD) | MENU |
| ANGLO-SUDAN WAR, THE FIRST | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 | Death of Gordon at Khartoum | History (HY) | SUDAN (SUD) | MENU |
| ANGLO-ZULU WAR, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 | Battles of Isandlwana and Ulundi | History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| ANKARA, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY IV (H4) 1399-1413 |
1402 | Tamerlane defeats the Ottomans | History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| ANNE OF CLEVES | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1540 | Wives of H8 - 1540 - divorced | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| ANNE, QUEEN OF GRT. BRITAIN | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1702 |
Via IRELAND - Union with Scotland |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| ANSELM, SAINT | WILLIAM II (W2) 1087-1100 |
1093 | Archbishop - Investiture Controversy | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| ANSON, GEORGE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1740 |
Via Dettingen - transworld voyage |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| ANTARCTIC EXPLORATION | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1821 | Explorers Bellinghausen and Davis | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| ANTI-CORN LAW LEAGUE, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 |
Via Repeal of Corn Law |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| ANTIETAM, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1862 |
Via Am.Civil War - Union victory |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| ANTI-SLAVERY MOVEMENT | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1787 |
Via Toussaint Louverture - leader |
History (HY) | AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE (SLT) from c1502 |
MENU |
| ANTONIADI, EUGENE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1909 |
Via Shiaparelli - Greek astronomer |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| ANVILLE, BOURGUIGNON d' | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1743 | French cartographer - founder | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| APIANUS, PETRUS | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1524 |
Via Balboa - German mapmaker |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| APPERT, NICOLAS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1809 |
Via Wagram -inventor of bottled food |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE, VIRGINIA | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
Via confederate surrender |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| AQUINAS, THOMAS | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1264 | Italian theologian - Summa Theologica | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| ARAGO, FRANCOIS | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1821 |
Via Fresnel - French Physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| ARBUTHNOT, JOHN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1712 |
Via Pope - Scottish writer/physician |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| ARC DE TRIOMPHE, PARIS, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1806 |
Via Austerlitz - re.Napoleon's victories |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| ARCOLE, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1796 |
Via Campo Formio - French victory |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| ARCOT, SIEGE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1751 | Victory of Robert Clive in India | History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| ARCTIC EXPLORATION | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1827 | Explorers William Parry / John Ross | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| ARETINO, PIETRO | MARY I (M1) 1553-1558 |
1545 |
Via Titian - poet and playwright |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| ARGAON, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1803 |
Via Second Anglo-Maratha War |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| ARGENTINA - INDEPENDENCE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1810 | Fight for independence - gained 1816 | History (HY) | ARGENTINA (ARG) | MENU |
| ARICA, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1880 |
Via War of the Pacific - decisive |
History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| ARIOSTO, LUDOVICO | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1516 |
Via Castiglione - Italian poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| ARKWRIGHT, RICHARD | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1771 | English inventor - spinning mule | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| ARMAT, THOMAS | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via Edison - American inventor |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| ARMENIAN MASSACRES, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 | Carried out by Turks and Kurds | History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| ARMINIUS, JACOBUS | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1588 |
Via Wesley - Dutch theologian |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| ARMSTRONG, WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1857 |
Via Crimean War - field gun |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| ARNAULD, ANTOINE | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1655 |
Via Jansenism - French theologian |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| ARNDT, ERNST MORITZ | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1808 |
Via Retreat from Moscow- Ger.patriot |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| ARNE, THOMAS | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1740 |
Via Handel - Rule, Britannia |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| ARNOLD OF BRESCIA | STEPHEN (ST) 1135-1154 |
1141 | Italian religious reformer | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| ARNOLD, BENEDICT | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1778 |
Via Franco-American alliance - rebel |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| ARNOLD, DR. JOSEPH | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1818 |
Via Raffles- plant specimens- Sumatra |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| ARNOLD, MATTHEW | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1857 |
Via Hughes - English poet & critic |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| ARNOLD, THOMAS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1828 |
Via Hughes - Headmaster at Rugby |
Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| ARNOLFO DI CAMBIO | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1296 |
Via Snippets - Italian archItect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| AROGYE, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 |
Via Stanley - Anglo-Abyssinian War |
History (HY) | ETHIOPIA (ETH) | MENU |
| ARRAS, THE TREATY OF | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1435 |
Via End of Hundred Years War |
History (HY) | HUNDRED YEARS WAR (HYW) 1339-1453 |
MENU |
| ARROWSMITH, AARON | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1790 | Leading English cartographer | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| ART NOUVEAU MOVEMENT, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via Beardsley - Modern movement |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ASCALON, THE BATTLE OF | WILLIAM II (W2) 1087-1100 |
1099 |
Via First Crusade - re. Jerusalem |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| ASCHAM, ROGER | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1545 |
Via Snippets - Eng.writer on archery |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| ASHANTI EMPIRE, THE | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1689 | West Africa - founded by Osei Tutu | History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| ASHMOLE, ELIAS | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1677 |
Via Snippets - founder of museum |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ASHMOLEAN MUSEUM, OXFORD, THE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1683 |
Via Snippets - opened to the public |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ASIAN COLONIES | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1914 |
Via Berlin Conference - Far East |
History (HY) | ASIA (ASI) | MENU |
| ASIENTO DE NEGROS, THE | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1713 | Regarding Transatlantic Slave Trade | History (HY) | AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE (SLT) from c1502 |
MENU |
| ASKE, ROBERT | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1536 |
Via Pilgrimage of Grace - leader |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| ASKIA MUHAMMED I | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1512 | King of Songhai expands his kingdom | History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| ASPDIN, JOSEPH | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1824 |
Via Snippets - making of cement |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| ASSAYE, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1803 |
Via Second Anglo-Maratha War |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| ATAHUALPA, INCA LEADER | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1533 |
Via Pizarro - death of Inca leader |
History (HY) | INCAS (INC) | MENU |
| ATBARA RIVER, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 |
Via Second Anglo-Sudan War |
History (HY) | SUDAN (SUD) | MENU |
| AUBER, DANIEL | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1831 |
Via Bellini - French opera composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| AUCKLAND, LORD | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 |
Via First Anglo-Afghan War |
History (HY) | AFGHANISTAN (AFG) | MENU |
| AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1827 | American artist - Birds of America | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| AUERSTADT, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1806 | Napoleon defeats Prussians/Saxons | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| AUGHRIM, THE BATTLE OF | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1691 |
Via Battle of the Boyne - end of revolt |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| AUGSBURG, LEAGUE OF | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1689 |
Via Grand Alliance - war v Louis XIV |
History (HY) | GRAND ALLIANCE (WGA) 1688-1697 |
MENU |
| AUGSBURG, THE PEACE OF | MARY I (M1) 1553-1558 |
1555 | Compromise - Lutherism recognised | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| AUGUSTUS II OF POLAND | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1706 |
Via Charles XII of Sweden - deposed |
History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| AURANGZEB, EMPEROR | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1669 | Mughal Emperor of India 1658-1707 | History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| AUSTEN, JANE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 | English novelist - Pride & Prejudice | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| AUSTERLITZ, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1805 | Napoleon defeats Russians/Austrians | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| AUSTIN, STEPHEN | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1836 |
Via Texan War of Independence |
History (HY) | TEXAS (TEX) | MENU |
| AUSTRIA-HUNGARY | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1867 | Dual Monarchy establised | History (HY) | AUSTRIA-HUNGARY (AHU) | MENU |
| AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION, WAR OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1740 | Following succession of Maria Theresa | History (HY) | AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION (WAS) 1740-1748 |
MENU |
| AUSTRO-PRUSSIAN WAR, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1866 | Prussian victory in seven weeks | History (HY) | AUSTRO-PRUSSIAN WAR (APW) June/July 1866 |
MENU |
| AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 |
Via Benz - growth in Europe & USA |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| AVERROES or IBN RUSD | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1160 |
Via Maimonides - Moorish philosopher |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| AVIGNON BRIDGE | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1163 |
Via Notre Dame de Paris |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| AVOGADRO, AMEDEO | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1811 |
Via Gay-Lussac - French physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| AYACHUCHO, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1824 |
Via Bolivar - Peru independence |
History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| AYTON, SIR ROBERT | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1612 |
Via Burns- Scot.poet- Auld Lang Syne |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| AZTECS, THE | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1325 | Settle on Tenochtitlan island | History (HY) | AZTECS (AZT) | MENU |
| B | ||||||
| BABBAGE, CHARLES | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1833 | English inventor - attempt at computer | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| BABINGTON PLOT, THE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1586 | Roman Catholic conspiracy | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| BABUR, EMPEROR | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1526 | 1st Mughal Emperor in India - to 1530 | History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY, THE | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1309 | Pope moves to Avignon - until 1377 | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| BAC LE, THE AMBUSH OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via French Indochina- French defeat |
History (HY) | SOUTHEAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| BACH, JOHANN SEBASTIAN | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1721 | German composer- Brandenburg | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BACHMAN, JOHN | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1848 |
Via Audubon - American naturalist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BACON, FRANCIS | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1605 | English scientist and philosopher | Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| BACON, ROGER | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1268 | English philosopher and scientist | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| BADEN, THE TREATY OF | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1714 |
Via Utrecht - Emperor makes peace |
History (HY) | SPANISH SUCCESSION (WSS) 1701-1714 |
MENU |
| BADEN-POWELL, ROBERT | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 |
Via Second Matebele War - Scouts |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| BADMINTON, THE GAME OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1863 |
Via Snippets - invented at Badminton |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| BAEDEKER, KARL | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1828 |
Via Snippets - guidebooks |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BAFFIN, WILLIAM | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1616 |
Via Hudson-Eng.explorer NE Canada |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BAILLIE, CHARLES | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1571 |
Via Ridolfi Plot - papal agent |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| BAILY, EDWARD HODGES | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1843 |
Via Trafalgar - English sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BAKER, SAMUEL WHITE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1864 |
Via Speke - discoves Lake Albert |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BAKEWELL, ROBERT | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1770 |
Via Agricultural Revolution - breeder |
Agriculture (AG) | XNA | MENU |
| BAKUNIN, MIKHAIL | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1872 |
Via Marx - Russian revolutionary |
History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| BALACLAVA, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1854 | Battle in the Crimean War - October | History (HY) | CRIMEAN WAR (CRW) 1853-1856 |
MENU |
| BALAKIREV, MILY | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1883 |
Via Rimsky-Korsakov - composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BALBOA, VASCO NUNEZ DE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1513 | First to reach E.coast of Pacific | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BALES, PETER | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1590 |
Via Babington Plot - calligrapher |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BALL, JOHN | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1381 |
Via Peasants' Revolt - rebel leader |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| BALLANTYNE, ROBERT MICHAEL | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1857 |
Via Hughes - Scot.adventure writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BALLARD, JOHN | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1586 |
Via Babington Plot - Jesuit priest |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| BALLIOL, JOHN | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1290 |
Via Maid of Norway - King of Scotland |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| BALMAT, JACQUES | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1786 |
Via Mont Blanc - first to climb |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BALZAC, HONORE DE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1834 |
French novelist - The Human Comedy |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BANDULA, MAHA | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1821 |
Via First Anglo-Burmese War |
History (HY) | SOUTHEAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| BANDYOPADHYAY, KISHORI MOHAN | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 |
Via Panama Canal - Bengali scientist |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| BANKES, LADY MARY | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1646 |
Via Naseby - defence of Corfe Castle. |
History (HY) | ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (ECW) 1642-1651 |
MENU |
| BANKS, JOSEPH | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1770 |
Via James Cook - English botanist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| BANNOCKBURN, THE BATTLE OF | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1314 | Bruce soundly defeats English | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| BANVARD, JOHN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1846 |
Via Thornhill - Am.panorama artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BARANOV, ALEXSANDR | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1799 |
Via Alaska - Russian governor |
History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| BARATIERI, GENERAL ORESTE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via Adowa - Italian commander |
History (HY) | ETHIOPIA (ETH) | MENU |
| BARBAROSSA, THE BROTHERS | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1535 |
Via Pirates - Arouj & Khair-ed-Din |
History (HY) | NORTH AFRICA (NAF) | MENU |
| BARBARY PIRATES, THE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1535 | Pirates working from North Africa | History (HY) | NORTH AFRICA (NAF) | MENU |
| BARBER-SURGEONS | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1540 |
Via Paracelsus - London guild |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| BARBIZON SCHOOL, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1857 | French artistic school near Paris | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BARBOUR, JOHN | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1376 |
Via Bannockburn- Scot poet- Le Brus |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BARCLAY, ROBERT | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1678 |
Via Quakers - doctrine of inner light |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| BARDO, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1881 |
Via Tunisia - French protectorate |
History (HY) | NORTH AFRICA (NAF) | MENU |
| BARENTS, WILLEM | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1594 |
Via Frobisher - Dutch explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BARING, EVELYN (Lord Cromer) | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1883 |
Via Anglo-Egyptian War- diplomat |
History (HY) | EGYPT (EGY) | MENU |
| BARKER, THOMAS JONES | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1858 |
Via Indian Mutiny - English painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BARNARD, GEORGE GREY | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 |
Via Rodin - American sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BARNARDO, THOMAS | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 |
Via Booth - Irish philanthropist |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| BARNET, THE BATTLE OF | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1471 | Warwick the kingmaker is defeated | History (HY) | WARS OF THE ROSES (WOR) 1455-1485 |
MENU |
| BARNUM, PHINEAS TAYLOR | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 |
Via Snippets - Amercan showman |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BAROQUE ART | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1611 |
Via Rubens - colourful and sensual |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BARRIE, SIR JAMES | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1883 |
Via Stevenson-Scot.writer - Peter Pan |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BARRY, CHARLES | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1834 |
Via Snippets - English architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| BARTH, HEINRICH | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1845 |
Via Sturt - German African explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BARTHOLDI, FREDERIC | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1886 |
Via Statue of Liberty-French engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| BASEBALL - THE BEGINNINGS | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1786 |
Via Snippets - alleged first match |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| BASEDOW, JOHANN BERNHARD | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1774 |
Via Rousseau -school reformer |
Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| BASEDOW, KARL ADOLPHE VON | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1840 |
Via 1840s - German physician |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| BASEL, THE TREATY OF | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1499 | Switzerland gains its independence | History (HY) | SWITZERLAND (SWI) | MENU |
| BASILE, GIAMBATTISTA | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1634 |
Via Straparola - Neapolitan writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BASKERVILLE, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1763 |
Via Beaumarchais - English printer |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| BASLE, TREATIES OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1795 | French peace settlements | History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| BASS, GEORGE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1798 |
Via Botany Bay - English explorer |
Exploration (EX) | AUSTRALIA (AUS) | MENU |
| BASTILLE, STORMING OF THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1789 | Start of the French Revolution | History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| BASTILLE, THE | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1370 |
Via Order of Garter - of this time |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| BASUTOLAND (LESOTHO) | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1886 |
Via First Anglo-Boer War - protected |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| BATES, HENRY | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 |
Via Wallace - English naturalist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| BATTLE ABBEY | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1070 | Built at the site of Battle of Hastings | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| BATU - MONGOL RULER | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1241 | The Mongols advance into Europe | History (HY) | MONGOLS (MON) | MENU |
| BAUDELAIRE, CHARLES | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1857 |
Via Poe- French poet- Fleurs du Mal |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BAUHIN, GASPARD CASPER | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1623 |
Via Linnaeus - Swiss botanist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| BAUTISTA DE TOLEDO, JUAN | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1563 |
Via Escorial - Spanish architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| BAUTZEN, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 |
Via Retreat from Moscow - Fr.victory |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| BAVARIAN SUCCESSION, WAR | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1778 | War between Austria and Prussia | History (HY) | AUSTRIA (AUT) | MENU |
| BAXTER, JOHN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1840 |
Via Eyre - exploring companion |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BAYBARS I OF EGYPT & SYRIA | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1260 | Mamluk Leader 1260 -1277 | History (HY) | EGYPT (EGY) | MENU |
| BAYEUX TAPESTRY, THE | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1077 | Pictorial record of Battle of Hastings | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| BAYEZID I, SULTAN | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1389 |
Via Batte of Kosovo - decisive role |
History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| BAYLE, PIERRE | JAMES II (J2) 1685-1688 |
1696 |
Via Rev of Nantes - Fr.philosopher |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| BAZALGETTE, JOSEPH WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
Via Snippets-London sewage scheme |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| BAZILLE, FREDERIC | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1862 |
Via Impressionism - French artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BEACHY HEAD, THE BATTLE OF | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1690 |
Via Grand Alliance - French victory |
History (HY) | GRAND ALLIANCE (WGA) 1688-1697 |
MENU |
| BEARDSLEY, AUBREY | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via Oscar Wilde - English illustrator |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BEAU BRUMMELL | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1811 |
Via Prince Regent - English Dandy |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| BEAU NASH, RICHARD | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1740 |
Via Gainsborough - Eng.dandy - Bath |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| BEAUCHAMPS, PIERRE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1681 |
Via Lully - king's dancing master |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BEAUFORT, COMMANDER FRANCIS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1806 |
Via Snippets - scale of wind force |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| BEAUHARNAIS, JOSEPHINE DE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1796 |
Via Napoleon - wife - Empress 1804 |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| BEAUMARCHAIS, PIERRE DE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1775 | French dramatist - Barber of Seville | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BEAUMONT, FRANCIS | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1611 | Eng.playwright - worked with Fletcher | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BEAUMONT, SIR GEORGE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1795 |
Via Constable - art connoisseur |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BECCARIA, CESARE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1764 |
Via Bentham - Italian criminologist |
Law (LW) | XNA | MENU |
| BECHSTEIN, KARL | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1856 |
Via Snippets - German piano maker |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BECHUANALAND (BOTSWANA) | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 |
Via First Anglo-Boer War - protected |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| BECKET, THOMAS | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1170 | Killed following dispute with Henry II | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| BECQUEREL, HENRI | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 | French physicist - radioactivity | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| BEECHAM, THOMAS | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1907 |
Via Delius - English conductor |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BEETHOVEN, LUDWIG VAN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1804 | German composer- Eroica Symphony | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BEETON, MRS ISABELLA | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1861 |
Via Snippets -household management |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BEHAIM, MARTIN | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1492 |
Via Vespucci - first terrestial globe |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| BEHN, APHRA | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1688 |
Via Rousseau - Eng.writer- Oroonoko |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BEHRING, EMIL VON | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1890 |
Via Koch - German immunologist |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| BEIJING, THE PEACE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1901 |
Via Boxer Rebellion - indemnity |
History (HY) | BOXER REBELLION (TBR) 1899-1901 |
MENU |
| BEIT, ALFRED | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1873 |
Via Rhodes - Ger.diamond merchant |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| BELASCO, DAVID | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 |
Via Puccini - American producer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BELGIUM - INDEPENDENCE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1831 | Intervention of the great powers | History (HY) | BELGIUM (BEL) | MENU |
| BELGRADE, THE TREATIES OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1739 |
Via Jassy - Ottoman - Austria/Russia |
History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| BELGRANO, MANUEL | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1810 |
Via Argentina - rebel leader |
History (HY) | ARGENTINA (ARG) | MENU |
| BELL, ALEXANDER GRAHAM | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1876 | Scottish-American scientist- telephone | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1860 |
Via Bell - teaching deaf to speak |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| BELL, CHARLES | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1830 |
Via Bright - Scottish physician |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| BELL, HENRY | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 |
Via Fulton - Scottish boatbuilder |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| BELL, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1796 |
Via Jenner - Scottish anatomist |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| BELLAMY, EDWARD | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1887 |
Via James - American writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BELLINGSHAUSEN, FABIAN GOTTLIEB | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1821 |
Via Antarctic - Russian explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BELLINI, GENTILE | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1480 |
Via Mehmed II - Venetian artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BELLINI, GIOVANNI | RICHARD III (R3) 1483-1485 |
1483 | Leading Venetian artist | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BELLINI, JACOPO | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1468 |
Via Mehmed II - Venetian artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BELLINI, VINCENZO | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1831 | Italian opera composer- bel canto | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BELLO, RICHARD DE | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1300 |
Via Snippets - the Mappa Mundi |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BELLOTTO, BERNADO | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1738 |
Via Canaletto - Italian artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BENEDICT XIII, POPE | HENRY V (H5) 1413-1422 |
1417 |
Via Council of Constance - pretender |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| BENIN, THE KINGDOM OF | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1309 | Emergence in West Africa | History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| BENSON, ARTHUR C. | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1901 |
Via Elgar - English poet & essayist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BENTHAM, JEREMY | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1789 | English philosopher - Utilitarianism | Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| BENTLEY, THOMAS | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1762 |
Via Wedgwood - London agent |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BENZ, KARL | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 | German inventor of automobile | Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| BERAIN THE ELDER, JEAN | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1674 |
Via Boulle - French royal designer |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BERGMANN, ERNST VON | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1886 |
Via Lister - German surgeon |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| BERING, VITUS | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1728 | Danish explorer - Bering Strait | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BERKELEY, GEORGE | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1710 | Irish philosopher - empiricism | Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| BERLIN CONFERENCE, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 | Directing the "scramble for Africa" | History (HY) | AFRICA (AFR) | MENU |
| BERLIN CONGRESS, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1878 | Revises Treaty of San Stefano | History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| BERLIN DECREE, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1806 | Blockade on British commerce | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| BERLINER, EMILE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1888 |
Via Edison - American inventor |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| BERLINGHIERI, BONAVENTURA | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1209 |
Via Francis of Assisi - Italian painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BERLIOZ, HECTOR | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1846 | French composer and conductor | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BERNADOTTE, JEAN BAPTISTE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1810 |
Via Treaty of Kiel - King of Sweden |
History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| BERNARD OF CLAIRVAUX | WILLIAM II (W2) 1087-1100 |
1098 |
Via Cistercians - abbot of Clairvaux |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| BERNARD, CLAUDE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
Via Lister - French physiologist |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| BERNHARDT, SARAH | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 |
Via Rostand - French actress |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BERNINI, GIOVANNI | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1633 | It. architect/sculptor- St.Peter's, Rome | Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| BERNOULLI, DANIEL | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1738 | Swiss physicist - hydrodynamics | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| BERTHOLLET, CLAUDE-LOUIS | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1787 |
Via Antoine Lavoisier- French chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| BERTHOUD, FERDINAND | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1773 |
Via Harrison - Swiss clockmaker |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| BERTRAM, CHARLES | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1746 |
Via Stukeley - English forger |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BERTRAND DU GUESCLIN | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1360 |
Via Bretigny - French military leader |
History (HY) | HUNDRED YEARS WAR (HYW) 1339-1453 |
MENU |
| BERZELIUS, JONS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1803 |
Via Dalton - Swedish chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| BESSEL, FRIEDRICH WILHELM | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1838 |
Via Adams - German astronomer |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| BESSEMER PROCESS, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1856 | Improved method of making steel | Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| BESSEMER, HENRY | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1856 |
Via Bessemer Process - engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| BEVAN, EDWARD | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1892 |
Via Chardonnet - English chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| BEWICK, THOMAS | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1797 |
Via Bass - English bird illustrator |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BEZZECCA, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1866 |
Via Garibaldi - Italian independence |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| BICHAT, XAVIER | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1800 |
Via Jenner - French physician |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| BIG BEN, WESTMINSTER, LONDON | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 |
Via Snippets - bell and clock tower |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| BIGELOW, ERASTUS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1845 |
Via Snippets - carpet power loom |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| BILLY THE KID | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1880 |
Via Ned Kelly - American outlaw |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| BIOT, JEAN-BAPTISTE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1804 |
Via Gay-Lussac - French physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| BISHOPS' WARS, THE | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1637 | Religioius wars between Eng/Scotland | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| BISMARCK, OTTO VON | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 | Prussian prime minister/war leader | History (HY) | PRUSSIA (PRU) | MENU |
| BISSELL, MELVILLE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1876 |
Via Snippets - the first carpet sweeper |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| BIZET, GEORGES | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1875 | French opera composer - Carmen | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BLACK DEATH, THE | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1347 | Bubonic plague reaches Europe | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| BLACK HAWK WAR, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1832 |
Via Second Seminole War- The Sauk |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| BLACK HOLE OF CALCUTTA,THE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1756 | Alleged atrocity against British | History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| BLACK LINE, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1830 |
Via Trail of Tears - Tasmania |
History (HY) | AUSTRALIA (AUS) | MENU |
| BLACK PRINCE, THE | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1356 | Battle of Poitiers & Limoges massacre | History (HY) | HUNDRED YEARS WAR (HYW) 1339-1453 |
MENU |
| BLACK WAR, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1828 |
Via Trail of Tears - Tasmania |
History (HY) | AUSTRALIA (AUS) | MENU |
| BLACK, JAMES WALLACE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1860 |
Via Talbot - American photographer |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| BLACK, JOSEPH | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1762 |
Via Joseph Priestly - Scottish chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| BLACKBEARD (EDWARD TEACH) | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1718 |
Via Piracy - English pirate |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BLACKMORE, RICHARD | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 | English author - Lorna Doone | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BLACKSTONE, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1769 | English Jurist - Laws of England | Law (LW) | XNA | MENU |
| BLACKWELL, ELIZABETH | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1849 | First American woman doctor | Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| BLADENSBURG, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1814 |
Via War of 1812 - British victory |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| BLAKE, ADMIRAL ROBERT | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1652 |
Via Anglo-Dutch War - gains victory |
History (HY) | NETHERLANDS (NET) | MENU |
| BLAKE, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1794 | English mystic poet and illustrator | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BLANCHARD, FRANCOIS | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1785 | French balloonist crosses channel | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BLANE, GILBERT | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1785 |
Via Lind- Scots physician -scurvy |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| BLAXLAND, GREGORY | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 |
Via Flinders - Australian explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BLENHEIM, THE BATTLE OF | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1704 | Allied victory over French | History (HY) | SPANISH SUCCESSION (WSS) 1701-1714 |
MENU |
| BLENKINSOP, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 |
Via Trevithick - English mine engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| BLIGH, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1789 |
Via Mutiny on The Bounty - Captain |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| BLISS, FREDERICK J. | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via Petrie - American achaeologist |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| BLOEMFONTEIN CONFERENCE, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1899 |
Via 2nd Anglo-Boer War |
History (HY) | ANGLO-BOER WAR (2ND) (SBW) 1899-1902 |
MENU |
| BLOEMFONTEIN CONVENTION, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1854 |
Via Orange Free State - to Boers |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| BLONDIN, CHARLES | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 |
Via Snippets- French tightrope walker |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BLOOD RIVER, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1838 | Boer Voortrekkers defeat Zulus | History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| BLOOD, COLONEL THOMAS | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1671 |
Via Snippets - steals English crown |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| BLOODY ASSIZES, THE | JAMES II (J2) 1685-1688 |
1685 |
Via Monmouth Rebellion - Jeffreys |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| BLOODY MARSH, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1742 |
Via Georgia - British defeat Spanish |
History (HY) | NORTH AMERICA (NAM) | MENU |
| BLUCHER, GEBHARD LEBERECHT VON | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 |
Via Waterloo - Prussian general |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| BLUE MOSQUE, ISTANBUL, THE | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1616 |
Via Snippets - is completed |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| BLUE STOCKINGS, THE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1760 |
Via Boswell - women intellectuals |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BLY, NELLIE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1889 |
Via Verne - American journalist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BOAT RACE, THE UNIVERSITY | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1829 |
Via Snippets-first Oxford v Cambridge |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| BOCCACCIO, GIOVANNI | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1353 |
Italian poet and writer - Il Decameron |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BOCCHERINI, LUIGI | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1791 |
Via Haydn - Italian composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BOCKLIN, ARNOLD | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1883 |
Via Munch - Swiss symbolist painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BODE, JOHANN ELERT | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1801 |
German astronomer - Uranographia |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| BODLEIAN LIBRARY, OXFORD | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1602 |
Via Snippets-after Sir Thomas Bodley |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BODLEY, SIR THOMAS | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1602 |
Via Snippets - sets up Bodleian library |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BODONI, GIAMBATTISTA | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1768 |
Via Baskerville - Italian printer |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| BOERHAAVE, HERMANN | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1708 | Dutch physician - bedside tutor | Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| BOIELDIEU, FRANCOIS ADRIEN | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1825 |
Via Mendelssohn - French composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BOILEAU, NICOLAS | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1666 |
Via Rigaud - French poet/critic |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BOLEYN, ANNE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1533 | Wives of H8 - 1533-1536 - executed | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| BOLINGBROKE, HENRY | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1397 | Son of John of Gaunt- future Henry IV | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| BOLIVAR, SIMON | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1824 | Venezuelan S.American liberator | History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| BOLIVIA, SOUTH AMERICA | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1825 |
Via Bolivar - gains independence |
History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| BOLOGNA, THE UNIVERSITY OF | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1119 | One of the first universities | Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| BOLTZMANN, LUDWIG | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 |
Via Maxwell - Austrian physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| BONAPARTE, FRANCOIS CHARLES | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1814 |
Via Waterloo - Napoleon's son |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| BONAPARTE, NAPOLEON | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1799 | Seizes power in the Consulate | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| BONIFACE VIII, POPE | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1302 | Unam Sanctam - spiritual authority | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| BONINGTON, RICHARD PARKES | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1824 |
Via Delacroix - English landscapes |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BONNIE PRINCE CHARLIE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1745 | The '45 Jacobite Rebellion | History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| BONPLAND, AIME | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1804 |
Via Humboldt - French botanist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| BONTURI, ELVIRA | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via Puccini - his mistress/wife |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BOOTH, CATHERINE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1878 |
Via Booth - founder Salvation Army |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| BOOTH, CHARLES | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1886 |
Via Booth - English social reformer |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| BOOTH, JOHN WILKES | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
Via Lincoln - assassinator |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| BOOTH, WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1878 | Founder of the Salvation Army | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| BORGIA, CESARE | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1493 | Italian leading family - political tyrant | History (HY) | ITALIAN WARS (ITW) 1494-1559 |
MENU |
| BORGIA, LUCREZIA | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1493 |
Via Cesare Borgia - court at Ferrara |
History (HY) | ITALIAN WARS (ITW) 1494-1559 |
MENU |
| BORODIN, ALEKSANDR | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1888 | Composer-friend of Rimsky-Korsakov | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BORODINO, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 |
Via Retreat from Moscow- Fr.victory |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| BOROUGH, STEPHEN | MARY I (M1) 1553-1558 |
1556 |
Via Muscovy Co. - English navigator |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BOROUGHBRIDGE, BATTLE OF | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1322 |
Via Edward II - Hugh Despensers |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| BORROMINI, FRANCESCO | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1631 |
Via Bernini-Italian architect-churches |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| BOSCH, HIERONYMUS | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1500 |
Dutch painter - Picture of Hell |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BOSE, JAGADISH CHANDRA | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via Marconi - Indian physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| BOSHIN WAR, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 |
Via Shogunate - civil war in Japan |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| BOSSUET, JACQUES | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1697 |
Via Rigaud - French bishop |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| BOSTON MASSACRE, THE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1770 | American Independence | History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| BOSTON NEWSLETTER, THE | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1704 |
Via Snippets-1st American newspaper |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BOSTON TEA PARTY, THE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1773 | Tax protest by American colonists | History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| BOSTON, THE BATTLE FOR | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1776 | American Independence | History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| BOSWELL, JAMES | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1773 | Scottish biographer - re.Johnson | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BOSWORTH, THE BATTLE OF | RICHARD III (R3) 1483-1485 |
1485 | Henry Tudor defeats Richard III | History (HY) | WARS OF THE ROSES (WOR) 1455-1485 |
MENU |
| BOTANY BAY | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1788 | Settlement of first convict colony | History (HY) | AUSTRALIA (AUS) | MENU |
| BOTHWELL, THE EARL OF | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1567 |
Via Mary Queen of Scots - favourite |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| BOTTA, EMILE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1843 |
Via Layard - French archaeologist |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| BOTTEGO, VITTORIO | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1892 |
Via Dubois- Italian explorer-Jubaland |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BOTTGER, JOHANN | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1707 |
Via Meissen - German alchemist |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| BOTTICELLI, SANDRO | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1478 |
Florentine artist - Primavera |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BOUCHER, FRANCOIS | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1731 | Popular French rococo painter | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BOUCICAULT, DION | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1868 |
Via Reade- Irish-American playwright |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BOUDIN, EUGENE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1856 |
Via Monet - French marine artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BOUGAINVILLE, LOUIS ANTOINE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1766 |
Via James Cook - French explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BOULLE, ANDRE CHARLES | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1672 | Outstanding French furniture designer | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BOULSOVER, THOMAS | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1742 |
Via Snippets - silver plating |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| BOULTON, MATTHEW | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1782 |
Via James Watt - English engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| BOUNTY, MUTINY ON THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1789 | Captain Bligh is cast adrift | History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| BOURDELLE, ANTOINE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1888 |
Via Rodin - French sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BOURNE, WILLIAM | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1578 |
Via Drebbel - plan of diving boat |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| BOUVINES, THE BATTLE OF | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1214 | French defeat Otto IV of Germany | History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| BOW STREET RUNNERS, THE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1748 |
Via Fielding - a body of "thief takers" |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| BOWDICH, THOMAS EDWARD | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1822 |
Via 1st Anglo-Ashanti War - explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BOWDLER, THOMAS | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1807 |
Via Shakespeare - "bowdlerize" |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BOWIE, JIM | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1835 |
Via Alamo - American frontiersman |
History (HY) | TEXAS (TEX) | MENU |
| BOXER REBELLION, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 | To expel foreigners from China | History (HY) | BOXER REBELLION (TBR) 1899-1901 |
MENU |
| BOXING - FIRST RULES OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1743 |
Via Snippets - Jack Broughton |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| BOYACA, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1819 |
Via Bolivar - New Granada |
History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| BOYCE, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1760 |
Via Gluck - English composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BOYCOTTING, THE PRACTICE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1881 |
Via Phoenix Park Murders - Ireland |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| BOYLE, ROBERT | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1661 | Irish scientist - law on gases | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| BOYNE, THE BATTLE OF THE | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1690 | King defeats James Stuart in Ireland | History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| BOYS' BRIGADE, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1883 |
Via Snippets - founder William Smith |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| BOZZACCHI, GIUSEPPINA | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 |
Via Delibes - Italian ballerina |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BRACTON, HENRY DE | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1268 |
Via Bacon - English jurist |
Law (LW) | XNA | MENU |
| BRADFORD, GOVERNOR WILLIAM | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1620 |
Via Pilgrim Fathers - strong leader |
History (HY) | NORTH AMERICA (NAM) | MENU |
| BRAHE, TYCHO | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1576 | Dan.astronomer-Castle of the Heavens | Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| BRAHMS, JOHANNES | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1877 | German composer -symphonies | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BRAID, JAMES | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1841 |
Via Mesmer - founder of hypnotism |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| BRAILLE, LOUIS | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1824 |
Via Snippets - reading for the blind |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| BRAITHWAITE, JOHN | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1829 |
Via Stephenson - English engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| BRAMAH, JOSEPH | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1795 |
Via Industrial Revolution-Eng.engineer |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| BRAMANTE, DONATO | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1506 | Italian architect - St.Peter's Basilica | Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| BRAMHAM MOOR, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY IV (H4) 1399-1413 |
1408 |
Via Shrewsbury-Northumberland killed |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| BRANDENBURG GATE, BERLIN | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1789 |
Via Snippets - completed by Langhans |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| BRANLY, EDOUARD | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via Marconi - French physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| BRANT, SEBASTIAN | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1494 |
Via Snippets- Ger.poet - Ship of Fools |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BRAUN, KARL FERDINAND | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 |
Via Marconi - German physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| BRAY, THOMAS | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1701 |
Via Snippets - philanthropist SPCK |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| BRAYTON, GEORGE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1872 |
Via Auto Industry- American engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| BRAZIL, SOUTH AMERICA | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1822 |
Via Bolivar - gains independence |
History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| BRAZZA, PIERRE DE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1878 |
Via Stanley - French explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BREDA, TREATY OF | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1667 |
Via Second Anglo-Dutch War |
History (HY) | NETHERLANDS (NET) | MENU |
| BREDA,THE DECLARATION OF | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1660 | Issued by Charles II of England | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| BREECHES BIBLE, THE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1557 |
Via Tyndale - or the Geneva Bible |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| BREITENFELD, THE BATTLE OF | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1631 |
Via Thirty Yrs War- Protestant victory |
History (HY) | THIRTY YEARS WAR (TYW) 1618-1648 |
MENU |
| BREMULE, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1119 |
Via Tinchebrai - victory for Henry I |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| BRETIGNY, THE TREATY OF | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1360 | Truce in the Hundred Years War | History (HY) | HUNDRED YEARS WAR (HYW) 1339-1453 |
MENU |
| BREWSTER, DAVID | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1811 |
Via Fresnel - Scottish physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| BRIDGE OF SIGHS, VENICE, THE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1600 |
Via Snippets - It.archItect Contino |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| BRIGGS, HENRY | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1617 |
Via Napier- English mathematician |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| BRIGHT, JOHN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 |
Via Repeal of Corn Law - leader |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| BRIGHT, RICHARD | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1827 | English physician - kidney disease | Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| BRIGHT, TIMOTHY | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1588 |
Via Snippets - early shorthand |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| BRILLAT-SAVARIN, JEAN ANTHELME | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1825 |
Via Snippets - French gastronome |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BRINDLEY, JAMES | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1761 | English engineer - canal building | Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| BRITISH COLUMBIA | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 | Joins the Canadian Federation | History (HY) | CANADA (CAN) | MENU |
| BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1600 | Initially named English East.Ind.Co | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1835 |
Via Snippets - Henry De La Beche |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, THE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1759 |
Via Snippets - open to the public |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BRITISH NORTH AMERICA ACT | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1867 | Dominion of Canada established | History (HY) | CANADA (CAN) | MENU |
| BRITISH REFORM ACT, FIRST | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1832 | Franchise and constituencies | History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| BRITISH REFORM ACT, SECOND | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1867 |
Via Fenian Movement - franchise |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| BRITISH REFORM ACT, THIRD | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via Gladstone - franchise extended |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| BROADWOOD, JOHN | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1784 |
Via Cristofori -Scottish piano maker |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BROCK, THOMAS | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1911 |
Via Queen Victoria - English sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BRONTE SISTERS, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1847 | Novelists - Charlotte, Emily, Anne | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BRONTE, BRANWELL | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1847 |
Via Bronte Sisters - brother |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BRONZINO, AGNOLO | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1540 |
Via Cosimo de Medici - It.portraitist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BROUGHAM, HENRY (LATER BARON) | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1832 |
Via Reform Bill - horse & carriage |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| BROUGHTON, JACK | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1743 |
Via Snippets - rules of boxing |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| BROUWER, ADRIAEN | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1635 |
Via Steen - Little Masters of Holland |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BROWN, FORD MADOX | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 |
Via Pre-Raphaelites - English artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BROWN, JOHN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 |
Via American Civil War - his body |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| BROWN, JOHN | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1862 |
Via Victoria - The Queen's attendant |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| BROWN, SAMUEL | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1824 |
Via Auto Industry - English engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| BROWNE, HABLOT KNIGHT | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1850 |
Via Dickens - English illustrator |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BROWNING, ROBERT | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1842 |
English poet - Pied Piper of Hamelin |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BROWNING,ELIZABETH BARRETT | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1846 |
Via Browning - wife and poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BRUANT, ARISTIDE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 |
Via Toulouse-Lautrec- cabaret artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BRUCE, DAVID | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1903 |
Via Koch - Scottish microbiologist |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| BRUCE, JAMES | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1772 | Scottish explorer - the Blue Nile | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BRUCE, ROBERT | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1306 | Crowned King of Scotland - to 1329 | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| BRUCH, MAX | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 |
Via Joachim - German composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BRUCKNER, ANTON | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
Via Wagner - Austrian composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BRUEGEL, PIETER - THE ELDER | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1566 |
Flemish painter - The Wedding Feast |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BRUGES, THE TREATY OF | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1375 | Truce in the Hundred Years War | History (HY) | HUNDRED YEARS WAR (HYW) 1339-1453 |
MENU |
| BRULE, ETIENNE | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1615 |
Via Champlain - Lake Superior |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BRUNEL, ISAMBARD KINGDOM | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1837 | English engineer - railways, ships | Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| BRUNEL, MARC ISAMBARD | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1825 |
Via Brunel - French engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| BRUNELLESCHI, FILIPPO | HENRY V (H5) 1413-1422 |
1420 | Italian architect - Florence cathedral | Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| BRUNI, LEONARDI | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1423 |
Via Ghiberti - Italian scholar/historian |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BRUNO, SAINT | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1084 |
Via Carthusian Order - founder |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| BRUNSWICK MANIFESTO, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1792 |
Via Valmy - threat by Duke Brunswick |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| BRYANT AND MAY | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1891 |
Via Booth - match-making company |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| BUCHNER, GEORG | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1835 |
Via Danton - German dramatist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BUCKINGHAM, DUKE OF - George Villiers | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1625 |
Via Charles I - court favourite |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| BUCKLAND, WILLIAM | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1833 |
Via Lyell - English geologist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| BUDDING, EDWIN | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1830 |
Via Snippets- Eng.inventor of mower |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| BUENA VISTA, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1847 |
Via Mexican War - U.S. victory |
History (HY) | MEXICO (MEX) | MENU |
| BUFFON, GEORGES | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1767 | French naturalist - Natural History | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| BULGARIAN ATROCITIES, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1876 |
Via Russo-Turkish War |
History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| BULGARIAN HORRORS, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1876 |
Via Russo-Turkish War |
History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| BULL RUN, SECOND BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1862 | Confed victory in American Civil War | History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| BULL RUN, THE FIRST BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1861 | Confed victory in American Civil War | History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| BULL, OLE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1850 |
Via Grieg - Norwegian violinist |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BULLER, SIR REDVERS | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1899 |
Via 2nd Anglo-Boer War - Brit.cmdr. |
History (HY) | ANGLO-BOER WAR (2ND) (SBW) 1899-1902 |
MENU |
| BULOW, HANS VON | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 |
Via Wagner - German conductor |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BULWER-LYTTON, EDWARD | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1834 |
Via Pompeii - English novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BUNKER HILL, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1775 | American Independence | History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| BUNKUM FOR BUNCOMBE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1820 |
Via Snippets - meaning nonsense |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| BUNSEN, ROBERT | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1855 |
Via Snippets - German chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| BUNYAN, JOHN | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1678 |
English writer - Pilgrim's Progress |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BURBAGE, JAMES | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1599 |
Via The Theatre - Eng.actor/manager |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BURBAGE, RICHARD & CUTHBERT | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1599 |
Via Globe Theatre - the founders |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BURCKHARDT, JOHANN LUDWIG | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 | Swiss explorer - Petra/Abu Simbel | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BURDETT, SIR FRANCIS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1819 |
Via Peterloo - radical reformer |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| BURGHERS OF CALAIS, THE | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1347 |
Via Crecy - saviours of the city |
History (HY) | HUNDRED YEARS WAR (HYW) 1339-1453 |
MENU |
| BURGOYNE, GENERAL JOHN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1777 |
Via Battles of Saratoga - Brit.cmdr. |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| BURKE, EDMUND | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1790 | English orator and political writer | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BURKE, JOHN | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1828 |
Via Snippets - British & Irish peerage |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BURKE, ROBERT O'HARA | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1860 | Crosses Australia south to north | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BURKE'S PEERAGE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1828 |
Via Snippets - British & Irish peerage |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BURLEIGH, LORD (WILLIAM CECIL) | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1558 |
Via Elizabeth I - chief advisor |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| BURMA, THE KINGDOM OF | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1824 |
Via First Anglo-Burmese War |
History (HY) | SOUTHEAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| BURNE-JONES, EDWARD | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 |
Via Pre-Raphaelites - English artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BURNETT, FRANCES HODGSON | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1886 |
Via Kipling - American author |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BURNEY, CHARLES | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1789 |
Via Haydn - General History of Music |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BURNEY, FANNY | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1778 |
Via Samuel Johnson - diarist/novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BURNS, ROBBIE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1786 |
Scottish poet - Tam O'Shanter |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BURNSIDE, GENERAL AMBROSE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1862 |
Via Battle of Fredericksburg |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| BURTON, RICHARD FRANCIS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1857 | Eng.soldier/explorer- source of Nile | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BURTON, ROBERT | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1621 |
Via Jonson- Eng.scholar- Melancholy |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BUSHNELL, DAVID | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1775 |
Via War at Sea- American submarine |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| BUTLER, LADY (ELIZABETH THOMPSON) | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1879 |
Via First Anglo-Afghan War- artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| BUTLER, SAMUEL | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1663 |
Via Dryden - English poet/satirist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BUTLER, SAMUEL | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
English satirist - The Way of all Flesh |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BUXTEHUDE, DIETRICH | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1703 |
Via Bach-German organist/composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BYLOT, ROBERT | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1616 |
Via Baffin - British explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| BYNG, ADMIRAL | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1757 |
Via Seven Yrs' War - executed |
History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| BYNKERSHOEK, CORNELIUS VAN | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1703 |
Via Grotius - Dutch jurist - sea law |
Law (LW) | XNA | MENU |
| BYRD, WILLIAM | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1572 |
Via Tallis - Eng.composer - Gradualia |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| BYRON, GEORGE GORDON | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 |
Eng.poet - Childe Harold's Pilgrimage |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| BYZANTINE EMPIRE, THE | WILLIAM II (W2) 1087-1100 |
1091 | Under Alexius I - plus brief history | History (HY) | BYZANTIUM (EMPIRE) (BYZ) | MENU |
| C | ||||||
| CABET, ETIENNE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 |
Via Owen - French social reformer |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| CABOT, JOHN | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1497 | Venetian explorer - Newfoundland | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CABOT, SEBASTIAN | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1553 |
Via Chancellor - North-east passage |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CABRAL, PEDRO | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1500 |
Via Diaz - claims Brazil for Portugal |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CADE REBELLION, THE | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1450 | Rebellion in Kent, England | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| CADE, JACK | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1450 | Leader of rebellion in Kent, England | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| CAILLIE, RENE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1828 |
Via West Africa-Fr.explorer-Timbuktu |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CALATAFIMI, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1860 |
Via Garibaldi - Italian independence |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| CALE, GUILLAUME | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1358 |
Via Jacquerie Uprising - leader |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| CALIFORNIAN GOLD RUSH, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 | At Colomo - forty-niners | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CALLEY, JOHN | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1705 |
Via Newcomen - plumber assistant |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| CALLIXTUS II, POPE | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1122 |
Via Treaty of Worms - Concordat |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| CALLOT, JACQUES | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1633 |
Via Westphalia - French engraver |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CALONNE, CHARLES ALEXANDRE DE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1784 |
Via States General - French minister |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| CALVERT, FREDERICK | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1873 |
Via Schliemann - Eng. archaeologist |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| CALVIN, JOHN | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1536 |
Fr.Protestant reformer - The Institutes |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| CALZABIGI, RANIERI DI | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1760 |
Via Gluck - Italian poet - librettist |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| CAMBODIA, INDOCHINA | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1867 |
Via French Indochina - part of |
History (HY) | SOUTH EAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| CAMBRAI, THE LEAGUE OF | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1508 |
Via Italian Wars - against Venice |
History (HY) | ITALIAN WARS (ITW) 1494-1559 |
MENU |
| CAMBRAI, THE TREATY OF | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1529 |
Via Battle of Pavia - ends Italian Wars |
History (HY) | ITALIAN WARS (ITW) 1494-1559 |
MENU |
| CAMBRIDGE, UNIVERSITY OF | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1209 |
Via Paris University 1155 |
Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| CAMERARIUS, RUDOLPH | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1694 | German Botanist - sexual reproduction | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| CAMERON, CHARLES | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1762 |
Via Adam - Scottish architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| CAMISARD WAR, THE | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1702 | Protestant rebellion in France | History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| CAMOENS, LUIS DE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1572 |
Portuguese poet - The Lusiads |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CAMPERDOWN, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1797 |
Via Spithead and Nore Mutinies |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| CAMPION, EDMUND | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1581 |
Via Ricci - English Jesuit martyr |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| CAMPION, THOMAS | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1617 |
Via Monteverdi - Eng.composer/ poet |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| CAMPO FORMIO, TREATY OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1797 | Austria cedes territory to France | History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1885 |
Via British North America Act |
History (HY) | CANADA (CAN) | MENU |
| CANAL BUILDING | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1761 |
Via James Brindley - worldwide |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| CANALETTO, ANTONIO | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1738 | Italian painter - scenes of Venice | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CANCHA-RAYADA, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1818 |
Via Chile- Sp.defeats Chilean rebels |
History (HY) | CHILE (CHL) | MENU |
| CANNIZZARO, STANISLAO | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1869 |
Via Mendeleev - Italian chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| CANOVA, ANTONIO | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 |
Via Elgin Marbles -Italian Sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1503 | Kent, England - begun in 1070 | Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| CAO (or CAM), DIOGO | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1482 | Portuguese explorer reachers Congo | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CAPABILITY BROWN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1751 | English landscaper gardener | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CAPE FRONTIER WARS, THE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1779 | Boers v Bantu tribes - South.Africa | History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| CAPE ST. VINCENT, BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1797 | Victory of British over Spanish | History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1652 | Dutch settlement - Boers - Riebeeck | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CAPTAIN SWING RIOTS, THE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1830 |
Via Tolpuddle Martyrs- social uprising |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| CAPUCHINS, THE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1528 | Order of Friars- by Matteo de Bassi | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| CARABOBO, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1821 |
Via Bolivar-Venezuelan independence |
History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| CARAVAGGIO, MICHELANGELO | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1599 | Italian painter - gruesome works | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CARBERRY HILL, THE BATTLE OF | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1567 |
Via Mary Qn of Scots - defeated |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| CARBUTT, JOHN | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 |
Via Motion Pictures-Eng.photographer |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| CARDANO, GEROLAMO | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1545 | Italian mathmetician - Algebra | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| CARDIGAN, THE 7th EARL OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1854 |
Via Balaclava - cmdr.of light brigade |
History (HY) | CRIMEAN WAR (CRW) 1853-1856 |
MENU |
| CAREW, THOMAS | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1640 |
Via Herrick - English Cavalier Poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CAREY, HENRY | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1745 |
Via Snippets - Brit. national anthem |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| CAREY, JAMES | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1881 |
Via Phoenix Park Murders - radical |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| CAREY, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1793 |
Via India Act - Baptist missionary |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| CARLILE, WILSON | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1882 |
Via Snippets - founds Church Army |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| CARLIN, MARTIN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1774 |
Via Riesener - French cabinet maker |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CARLIST WAR, THE FIRST | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1833 | Conflict for Spanish throne | History (HY) | SPAIN (SPA) | MENU |
| CARLIST WAR, THE SECOND | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1846 |
Via First Carlist War, 1846-1848 |
History (HY) | SPAIN (SPA) | MENU |
| CARLIST WAR, THE THIRD | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1872 | Ends in return of monarchy | History (HY) | SPAIN (SPA) | MENU |
| CARLSBAD DECREES, THE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1832 |
Via German Confed-rebellion crushed |
History (HY) | GERMANY (GER) | MENU |
| CARLYLE, THOMAS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 |
Via Chartism - Scottish historian |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CARMELITES, THE | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1156 | Religious Order of White Friars | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| CARNATIC WARS, THE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1756 |
Via Anglo-French war, India |
History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| CARNEGIE HALL | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1891 |
Via Snippets - opens in New York |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| CARNOT, LAZARE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1793 |
Via Execution of Louis XVI-military ldr |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| CARPETBAGGERS | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
Via The Reconstruction - USA |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| CARPINI, JOHANNES DE PLANO | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1247 | Italian monk returns from Mongolia | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CARRACCI, AGOSTINO | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1585 |
Via Annibale Carracci - brother artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CARRACCI, ANNIBALE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1601 |
Via Caravaggio - Italian painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CARRERA, JOSE MIGUEL | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1811 |
Via Chile - Chilean commander |
History (HY) | CHILE (CHL) | MENU |
| CARRIER, JEAN-BAPTISTE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1793 |
Via Reign of Terror - at Nantes |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| CARRIER-BELLEUSE, ERNEST | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1864 |
Via Rodin - French sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CARROLL, CHARLES | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1828 |
Via Stephenson - American financier |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| CARROLL, LEWIS | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
English author - Alice in Wonderland |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CARTA PISANA, THE | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1275 |
Via Crusades - ancient map of Med. |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CARTAILHAC, EMILE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 |
Via Altamira - French prehistorian |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| CARTE, RICHARD D'OYLY | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1875 |
Via Gilbert and Sullivan - theatre |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| CARTERET, JOHN (EARL OF GRANVILLE) | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1742 |
Via George II - British statesman |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| CARTHUSIAN ORDER, THE | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1084 | Founded by St. Bruno | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| CARTIER, JACQUES | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1534 | French explorer - St.Lawrence River | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CARTWRIGHT, EDMUND | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1789 |
Via Industrial Revolution-wool combing |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| CASANOVA, GIACOMO | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1756 |
Via Snippets - world's greatest lover? |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CASEMENT, ROGER | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1904 |
Via Congo Free State - consul |
History (HY) | CONGO (CON) | MENU |
| CASKET LETTERS, THE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1567 |
Via Mary Qn of Scots - conspiracy |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| CASSATT, MARY | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1874 |
Via Pissarro - American artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CASSINI III | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1740 |
Via Anville - French cartographer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CASSINI, JACQUES DOMINIQUE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1793 |
Via Cassini III - French cartographer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CASSINI, JEAN-DOMINIQUE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1665 | French astronomer - Jupiter | Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| CASTIGLIONE, BALDASSARE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1528 |
Italian writer/diplomat - The Courtier |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CASTLE BUILDING | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1069 | Built to defend Norman Conquest | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| CASTLEREAGH, LORD | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 |
Via Holy Alliance - British Statesman |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| CASTRO Y BELLVIS, GUILLEN DE | WILLIAM II (W2) 1087-1100 |
1618 |
Via El Cid - Spanish dramatist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CATALAN ATLAS, THE | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1375 |
Via Mansa Musa - Abraham Cresques |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CATEAU-CAMBRESIS, THE PEACE OF | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1559 |
Via Pavia - French forced out of Italy |
History (HY) | ITALIAN WARS (ITW) 1494-1559 |
MENU |
| CATESBY, ROBERT | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1605 |
Via Gunpowder Plot - RC conspirator |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| CATHERINE I OF RUSSIA | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1725 | Empress of Russia - 1725-1727 | History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| CATHERINE II, THE GREAT | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1774 | Empress of Russia 1762-1796 | History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| CATHERINE OF ARAGON | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1509 | Wives of H8 -1509-1533 - divorced | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| CATHERWOOD, FREDERICK | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1841 |
Via Layard - English illustrator |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CATLIN, GEORGE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1838 |
Via Trail of Tears - American artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CATO STREET CONSPIRACY | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1820 | Plot to kill Cabinet ministers | History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| CAVALIER POETS, THE | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1648 |
Via Herrick - English Royalist poets |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CAVALIER, JEAN | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1702 |
Via Camisards - leader of rebellion |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| CAVALLINI, PIETRO | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1307 |
Via Giotto - Italian painter/designer |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CAVENDISH LABORATORY | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1874 |
Via Maxwell- established at Cambridge |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| CAVENDISH, GEORGE | MARY I (M1) 1553-1558 |
1557 |
Via Wolsey- English writer- biography |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CAVENDISH, HENRY | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1766 |
Via Priestley - English scientist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| CAVOUR, CONTE CAMILLO BENSO di | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 |
Via War of 1859 - PM Sardinia |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| CAXTON, WILLIAM | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1476 | First English printer - London | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CAYLEY, SIR GEORGE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1853 |
Via Snippets - first manned aeroplane |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| CECIL, WILLIAM (LORD BURLEIGH) | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1558 |
Via Elizabeth I - chief advisor |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| CELESTIAL POLICE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1800 |
Via Olbers - group of astronomers |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| CELLINI, BENVENUTO | MARY I (M1) 1553-1558 |
1554 | Famous Italian goldsmith - salt cellar | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CELSIUS, ANDERS | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1742 | Swedish scientist -The celsius scale | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| CENTRAL AFRICA | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1823 | Expedition reaches Lake Chad | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CENTRAL AMERICA | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1821 |
Via Bolivar - gains independence |
History (HY) | CENTRAL AMERICA (CAM) | MENU |
| CENTRAL PACIFIC RAILROAD | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1869 | American transcontinental railroad | History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| CERIGNOLA, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1503 |
Via Italian Wars - Spanish victory |
History (HY) | ITALIAN WARS (ITW) 1494-1559 |
MENU |
| CERRO CORA, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 |
Via Triple Alliance - decisive battle |
History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| CERRO PICHINCHA, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1822 |
Via Bolivar - Ecuador independence |
History (HY) | ECUADOR (ECU) | MENU |
| CERVANTES, MIGUEL DE | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1615 |
Spanish novelist/poet - Don Quixoto |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CESALPINO, ANDREA | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1583 | Italian botanist and physician | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| CESPEDES, CARLOS MANUEL DE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 |
Via Cuban Revolt - Cuban leader |
History (HY) | CUBA (CUB) | MENU |
| CETSHWAYO, KING | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 |
Via Anglo-Zulu War - King of Zulus |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| CEZANNE, PAUL | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1874 | French artist - Impressionism | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CHABRIER, EMMANUEL | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1882 |
Via Debussy - French composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| CHACABUCO, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1817 |
Via Chile-Chilean victory over Spanish |
History (HY) | CHILE (CHL) | MENU |
| CHAILLU, PAUL BELLONI du | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 |
Via Livingstone - French explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CHALDIRAN, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1514 |
Via Selim I - defeat of the Safavids |
History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| CHALGRIN, JEAN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1806 |
Via Arc de Triomphe - Fr.architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| CHAMBERS, EPHRAIM | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1728 |
Via Diderot- Eng.writer- Encyclopedia |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CHAMBERS, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1762 |
Via Robert Adam - Scottish architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| CHAMISSO, ADELBERT VON | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1818 |
Via Humboldt - German biologist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| CHAMPLAIN, SAMUEL DE | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1608 |
Via Jamestown - Fr.explorer - Quebec |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CHAMPOLLION, JEAN FRANCOIS | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1822 | Fr.scholar deciphers Rosetta Stone | Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| CHANCELLOR, RICHARD | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1553 | NE Passage - Anglo-Russian trade | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CHANCELLORSVILLE, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1863 |
Via Am.Civil War- Confederate victory |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| CHANSON DE ROLAND, LE | WILLIAM II (W2) 1087-1100 |
1095 | Chanson de geste re. Charlemagne | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CHANTREY, FRANCIS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1805 |
Via Flaxman - English sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CHAO MENG-FU | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1274 |
Via Kublai Khan - Chinese painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CHAPELAIN, JEAN | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1635 |
Via Rambouillet - French poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CHAPMAN, GEORGE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1616 |
Via Keats - English poet /dramatist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CHAPPE, CLAUDE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1792 |
Via Snippets - mechanical semaphore |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| CHARASIA, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 |
Via Second Anglo-Afghan War |
History (HY) | AFGHANISTAN (AFG) | MENU |
| CHARBONNEAU, TOUSSAINT | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1804 |
Via Lewis and Clark - French explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CHARCOT, JEAN-MARTIN | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
Via Lister - French neurologist |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| CHARDIN, JEAN BAPTISTE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1731 | French genre painter - domestic life | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CHARDONNET, HILLAIRE DE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via Pasteur - French chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| CHARLES, ALBERT | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 |
Via 1848 - King of Sardinia-Piedmont |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| CHARLES I OF SPAIN | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1518 | 1st Asiento-slaves to Spanish America | History (HY) | AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE (SLT) from c1502 |
MENU |
| CHARLES I, KING OF ENGLAND | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1625 | SCOTLAND and IRELAND - to 1649 | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| CHARLES II, KING OF ENGLAND | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1660 | SCOTLAND and IRELAND - to 1685 | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| CHARLES OF BOHEMIA | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1355 |
Via Rhens - Holy Roman Emperor |
History (HY) | HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (HRE) | MENU |
| CHARLES OF LORRAINE | JAMES II (J2) 1685-1688 |
1687 |
Via 2nd Battle of Mohacs- commander |
History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| CHARLES V, EMPEROR | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1525 |
Via Battle of Pavia - 1519 to 1556 |
History (HY) | HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (HRE) | MENU |
| CHARLES VII OF FRANCE | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1429 |
Via Joan of Arc - crowned king |
History (HY) | HUNDRED YEARS WAR (HYW) 1339-1453 |
MENU |
| CHARLES VIII OF FRANCE | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1494 |
Via Italian Wars - captures Rome |
History (HY) | ITALIAN WARS (ITW) 1494-1559 |
MENU |
| CHARLES X, KING OF FRANCE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1830 |
Via July Revolution - abdicates |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| CHARLES X, KING OF SWEDEN | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1656 | War against Poland & Denmark | History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| CHARLES XII OF SWEDEN | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1702 | In Great Northern War v Russia | History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| CHARLES, JACQUES | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1783 |
Via Montgolfier Brothers-use of helium |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| CHARPENTIER, MARC-ANTOINE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1673 |
Via Moliere - Fr.baroque composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| CHARTISM 1838-1848 | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1838 | British working class movement | History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| CHARTRES CATHEDRAL | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1240 |
Via Salisbury Cathedral |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| CHATANOOGA, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1863 |
Via Gettysburg - Union victory |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| CHATEAUBRIAND, FRANCOIS RENE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1802 |
Via Pius VII - French novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CHATHAM,THE EARL OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1756 | Title of William Pitt the Elder | History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| CHATTERTON, THOMAS | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1769 |
Via Horace Walpole - English poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CHAUCER, GEOFFREY | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1387 |
English poet - The Canterbury Tales |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CHAUL, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1508 |
Via Almeida - defeated by Arab fleet |
History (HY) | PORTUGAL (POR) | MENU |
| CHAULIAC, GUY DE | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1363 |
French Surgeon - Great Surgery |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| CHEKHOV, ANTON | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 | Russian dramatist and story writer | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CHELSEA PENSIONERS, THE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1681 |
Via Snippets - home for old soldiers |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| CHELYUSKIN, SEMYON | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1742 |
Via Bering - Russian explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CHEN MENGLEI | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1726 |
Via Snippets - Chinese scholar |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CHENG HO | HENRY V (H5) 1413-1422 |
1414 |
Via Yung Lo - naval commander |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CHENG-T'UNG, MING EMPEROR | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1449 | Defeated by Mongol army | History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| CHENIER, ANDRE DE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1794 |
Via Reign of Terror - French Poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CHEROKEE, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1838 | Forcibly resettled in the west | History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| CHERUBINI, LUIGI | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1804 |
Via Beethoven - French composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| CHESELDON, WILLIAM | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1733 |
Via Haller - English surgeon - bones |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| CHESNEY, GEORGE TOMKYNS | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 |
Via Siege of Paris - British officer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CHESTERFIELD, LORD | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1737 |
Via Johnson - English writer - letters |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CHEVREUL, MICHEL | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via Seurat - French chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| CHEYNE, WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1885 |
Via Lister - English surgeon |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| CHIA-CHING, EMPEROR | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1550 | Ming Emperor 1521-66 - disorder | History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| CHIARUGI, VINCENZO | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1788 |
Via Bichat - treatment of insane |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| CHICAGO, THE FAMOUS FIRE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 |
Via Snippets - 90,000 homeless |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| CHICKAMAUGA, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1863 |
Via Gettysburg - confederate victory |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| CH'IEN LUNG, EMPEROR | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1752 | Manchu dynasty - 1736-1796 | History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| CHILDREN'S CRUSADE, THE | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1212 | Sets out and ends in total disaster | Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| CHILE - INDEPENDENCE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1810 | Fight for independence- gained 1818 | History (HY) | CHILE (CHL) | MENU |
| CHIMU KINGDOM, THE | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1370 | People of northern Peru move south | History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| CHIN DYNASTY, THE | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1122 | Founded in Northern China | History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| CHINESE PORCELAIN | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1682 | During Chi'ang Dynasty | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CHIOS MASSACRE, THE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1822 |
Via War of Greek Independence |
History (HY) | GREECE (GRE) | MENU |
| CHIPPENDALE, THOMAS | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1754 |
English furniture maker - The Director |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CHIRIKOV, ALEKSEY | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1741 |
Via Bering - Russian explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CHLADNI, ERNST | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1809 |
Via Gauss - founder of acoustics |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| CHOPIN, FREDERIC | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 |
Polish composer - Piano Concerto 2 |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| CHRETIEN DE TROYES | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1183 |
French poet - Five Arthurian Legends |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CHRISTIAN SCIENCE, THE CHURCH OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 |
Via Booth - faith in divine healing |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| CHRISTIAN, FLETCHER | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1789 |
Via Mutiny on Bounty - mutineer |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| CHU HSI | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1180 |
Via Maimonides - Confucian scholar |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| CHU YUAN-CHANG | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1368 |
Via Ming Dynasty - founder |
History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| CHUBB, CHARLES | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1835 |
Via Snippets - English locksmith |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| CHURCH ARMY, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1882 |
Via Snippets - founder Wilson Carlile |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1799 |
Via India Act - so named in 1812 |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1857 |
Via Hudson River School - Am.painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CHURCHILL, LORD RANDOLPH | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1886 |
Via First Irish Home Rule Bill |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| CHURCHILL, WINSTON | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 |
Via Battle of Omdurman - officer |
History (HY) | SUDAN (SUD) | MENU |
| CIBBER, COLLEY | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1743 |
Via Pope - English poet/playwright |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CIMABUE, GIOVANNI | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1285 |
Early Italian painter - Maesta |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CINQUE PORTS | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1278 |
Via Snippets - for coastal defence |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| CISTERCIAN ORDER, THE | WILLIAM II (W2) 1087-1100 |
1098 | Founded by St.Robert de Champagne | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| CIVITATE, THE BATTLE OF | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1053 |
Via Guiscard - defeat of papal forces |
History (HY) | SICILY (SIC) | MENU |
| CLAPPERTON, HUGH | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1823 |
Via Africa- Scot.explorer- Lake Chad |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CLARE OF ASSISI | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1212 |
Via Francis of Assisi - Order of Nuns |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| CLARE, JOHN | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1820 | English romantic poet - rural life | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CLARENDON CODE, THE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1661 |
Via Charles II- persecuting dissenters |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| CLARENDON CONSTITUTIONS | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1164 | Aimed at limiting powers of clergy | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| CLARK, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1806 | American explorer - crosses the USA | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CLARKSON, THOMAS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1807 |
Via Abolition of Slave Trade |
History (HY) | AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE (SLT) from c1502 |
MENU |
| CLAUDEL, CAMILLE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1889 |
Via Rodin- Fr.sculptor - Deep Thought |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CLAUSEWITZ, CARL VON | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1833 |
Via Carlist War- Vom Krieg (On War) |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CLAUSIUS, RUDOLF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1850 | German mathematician/physicist | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| CLELAND, JOHN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1749 |
Via Snippets - author of Fanny Hill |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CLEMENCEAU, GEORGES | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 |
Via Dreyfus Affair - French journalist |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| CLEMENT V, POPE | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1309 |
Via Babylonian Captivity-makes move |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| CLEMENT XIV, POPE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1773 |
Via Loyola - Jesuits suppresssed |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| CLEMENTI, MUZIO | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1826 |
Via Mozart - Italian composer/pianist |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| CLEOPATRA'S NEEDLES | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1878 |
Via Muhammad Ali - gifts to GB & US |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| CLERMONT, THE COUNCIL OF | WILLIAM II (W2) 1087-1100 |
1095 |
Via First Crusade - called by Urban II |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| CLINTON, GENERAL SIR HENRY | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1778 |
Via American Independence |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| CLIVE OF INDIA, ROBERT | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1751 | A founder of British India | History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| COBBETT, WILLIAM | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1830 | English social reformer - Rural Rides | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| COBDEN, RICHARD | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 |
Via Repeal of Corn Law - leader |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| COCHIN CHINA | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1867 |
Via Napoleon III - French colony |
History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| CODY, SAMUEL FRANKLIN | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1888 |
Via Snippets - American showman |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| COFFEE HOUSES, LONDON | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1709 |
Via Steele - importance to nation |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| COKE, THOMAS | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1784 |
Via Young - Norfolk farmer |
Agriculture (AG) | XNA | MENU |
| COLBERT, JEAN BAPTISTE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1665 |
Via Louis XIV - Financial advisor |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| COLE, HENRY | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1851 |
Via Great Exhibition - initiator |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| COLENSO, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1899 |
Via 2nd Anglo-Boer War- Boer victory |
History (HY) | ANGLO-BOER WAR (2ND) (SBW) 1899-1902 |
MENU |
| COLERIDGE, SAMUEL TAYLOR | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1798 |
English poet - The Ancient Mariner |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| COLET, JOHN | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1509 |
Via Erasmus - English theologian |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| COLLEY, MAJOR GENERAL SIR GEORGE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1881 |
Via First Anglo-Boer War - Brit.cmdr |
History (HY) | ANGLO-BOER WAR (1ST) (FBW) 1880-1881 |
MENU |
| COLLINS, DAVID | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1798 |
Via Botany Bay - Eng.administrator |
History (HY) | AUSTRALIA (AUS) | MENU |
| COLLINS, WILKIE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1860 |
Via Dickens - English novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| COLLINS, WILLIAM | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1746 |
Via Gray - English romantic poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| COLOMBE, JEAN | HENRY V (H5) 1413-1422 |
1485 |
Via Limbourg Brothers - miniaturist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| COLONIAL TERRITORIES - ASIA | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1914 |
Via Berlin Conference - Far East |
History (HY) | ASIA (ASI) | MENU |
| COLONIAL WORLD MAP 1585 | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1585 |
Via Raleigh - Spanish, Port. & Eng. |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| COLONIES, ENGLISH, N.AMERICA | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1682 |
Via Penn, William- thirteen established |
History (HY) | NORTH AMERICA (NAM) | MENU |
| COLONNA, FRANCESCO | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1499 |
Via Aldus Manutius - Illustrated book |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| COLT, SAMUEL | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1854 |
Via Mexican War- American gunsmith |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| COLUMBUS, CHRISTOPHER | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1492 | Italian explorer - discovers New World | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| COMANCHE, HORSE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1876 |
Via Battle of The Little Bighorn |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| COMBE, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 |
Via Rowlandson - English poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| COMENIUS, JAN | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1657 | Moravian educator - Didactic Works | Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| COMMONWEALTH, THE | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1649 | English Republic 1649-60 - Cromwell | History (HY) | ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (ECW) 1642-1651 |
MENU |
| COMMUNIST MANIFESTO, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 | Setting out principles of Communism | History (HY) | GERMANY (GER) | MENU |
| COMPROMISE OF LE BEC, THE | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1106 |
Via Anselm-re.Investiture Controversy |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| COMTE, AUGUSTE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1830 | French philosopher - positivism | Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| CONAN DOYLE, ARTHUR | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1887 | Scottish writer - Sherlock Holmes | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CONCORD, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1775 | American Independence | History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| CONDE, JEAN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1792 |
Via Prince Regent - French engraver |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CONDE, THE PRINCE OF | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1650 |
Via Princely Fronde - rebel leader |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| CONDILLAC, ETIENNE BONNET de | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1746 |
Via Locke - French philosopher |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| CONDORCET, MARIE JEAN | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1794 |
Via Robespierre - social reformer |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| CONFEDERATE SURRENDER | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 | At Appomattox Court House, Virginia | History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| CONFEDERATION OF THE RHINE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1806 |
Via Austerlitz - 83 German states |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| CONGO FREE STATE, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 | Established by Leopold II of Belgium | History (HY) | CONGO (CON) | MENU |
| CONGRESS SYSTEM, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1814 |
Via Congress of Vienna |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| CONGREVE ROCKETS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1806 |
Via Jena - British attack on Boulogne |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| CONGREVE, WILLIAM | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1700 | English playwright -Way of the World | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CONGREVE, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1805 |
Via Jena - inventor of military rocket |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| CONRAD, JOSEPH | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 |
Via Wells - British adventure novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CONSALVI, ERCOLE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1814 |
Via Pius VII - cardinal/statesman |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| CONSTABLE, JOHN | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1821 | Eng. landscape artist -The Hay Wain | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CONSTANCE, THE COUNCIL OF | HENRY V (H5) 1413-1422 |
1417 | Brings an end to the Great Schism | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| CONSTANCE, THE PEACE OF | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1183 |
Via Frederick I - failure in N.Italy |
History (HY) | HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (HRE) | MENU |
| CONSTANT, BENJAMIN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 |
Via Staël-Swiss novelist/political writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CONSTANTINOPLE CONFERENCE, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1882 |
Via Anglo-Egyptian War-international |
History (HY) | EGYPT (EGY) | MENU |
| CONSTANTINOPLE, SACKING OF | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1202 |
Via Fourth Crusade-Byzantine capital |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| CONSTANTINOPLE, THE FALL OF | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1453 | City captured by the Ottoman Turks | History (HY) | BYZANTIUM (EMPIRE) (BYZ) | MENU |
| CONSTITUTIONAL ACT, CANADA | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1791 |
Via Vancouver - two provinces |
History (HY) | CANADA (CAN) | MENU |
| CONSULATE, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1799 | Brings Napoleon to power | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| CONTE, NICOLAS-JACQUES | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1795 |
Via Seurat - the conte crayon |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CONTINENTAL SYSTEM, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1806 | Blockade on British commerce | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| CONTINO, ANTONIO | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1600 |
Via Snippets - builds Bridge of Sighs |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| CONVENTION, PHILADELPHIA | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1787 | Draws up United States constitution | History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| COOK, JAMES | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1770 | English explorer - Botany Bay | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| COOK, THOMAS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1851 |
Via Great Exhibition - tour operator |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| COOKE, WILLIAM FORTHERGILL | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1837 |
Via Morse - invents telegraph |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| COOPER, JAMES FENIMORE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1826 | Am.novelist-The Last of the Mohicans | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| COOPER, THOMAS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1845 |
Via Chartism - English poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| COPE, EDWARD DRINKER | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1870 |
Via Lamarck- American paleontologist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| COPENHAGEN, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1801 | Nelson defeats the Danish fleet | History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| COPERNICUS, NICOLAUS | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1543 | Polish astronomer - earth orbits sun | Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| COPLEY MEDAL, THE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1709 |
Via Royal Society - science award |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| COPLEY, JOHN SINGLETON | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1778 |
Via Pitt - American portraitist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CORAM, THOMAS | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1739 |
Via Hogarth - English philanthropist |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| CORDAY, CHARLOTTE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1794 |
Via Marat - assassin |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| CORELLI, ARCANGELO | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1690 |
Via Purcell - Italian composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| CORFE CASTLE, THE SIEGE OF | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1646 |
Via Battle of Naseby - in Dorset |
History (HY) | ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (ECW) 1642-1651 |
MENU |
| CORINTH CANAL, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1893 |
Via Snippets - opens to shipping |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| CORNEILLE, PIERRE | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1637 |
French dramatist - Le Cid, Le Menteur |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CORNWALLIS, GENERAL CHARLES | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1781 |
Via Washington - British commander |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| CORONADO, FRANCISCO | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1540 | Sp.explorer - American south-west | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| COROT, CAMILLE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1857 |
Via Barbizon School - French painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CORREGGIO | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1523 |
Via Titian - Paduan painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CORT, HENRY | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1784 | English ironmaster - "puddling" | Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| CORTES, HERNAN | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1519 | Sp.explorer conquers Aztec Empire | History (HY) | AZTECS (AZT) | MENU |
| CORTONA, PIETRO DA | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1631 |
Via Rubens - Italian baroque artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CORUNNA, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1809 | British expelled from Spain | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| COSWAY, RICHARD | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1785 |
Via Prince Regent - miniaturist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| COTMAN, JOHN SELL | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1803 |
Via Norwich School - co-founder |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| COTTON, CHARLES | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1676 |
Via Izaak Walton - English poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| COULOMB, CHARLES | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1787 |
Via Volta - French physicist - law |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| COUNTER-REFORMATION, THE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1517 |
Via Reformation - Catholic response |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| COUPERIN, FRANCOIS | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1714 |
Via Purcell - French composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| COURBET, GUSTAVE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1855 | French painter - realist movement | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| COURNOT, ANTOINE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1838 |
Via Marshall - French economist |
Economics (EC) | XNA | MENU |
| COUTRAS, THE BATTLE OF | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1587 |
Via Fr.Religious Wars -Prot.victory |
History (HY) | FRENCH RELIGIOUS WARS (FWR) 1562-1598 |
MENU |
| COVENT GARDEN OPERA HOUSE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1732 |
Via Gay - opens in London |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| COVENT GARDEN, LONDON | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1633 |
Via Snippets - fruit and veg.market |
Agriculture (AG) | XNA | MENU |
| COVERDALE, MILES | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1535 |
Via Tyndale - produces first Eng.bible |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| COWPER, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1785 |
Via Burns - English poet - The Task |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| COX, DAVID | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 |
Via Turner - English landscape artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| COYSEVOX, ANTOINE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1677 |
Via Le Brun - French sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| COZENS, JOHN ROBERT | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1782 |
Via Gainsborough - English artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CRABBE, GEORGE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1781 |
Via Burke - English poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CRANACH, LUCAS | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1520 |
Via Luther - painter/ woodcut artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CRANMER, THOMAS | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1533 | Prot.Archbishop grants H8 a divorce | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| CRAZY HORSE, CHIEF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1876 |
Via Battle of The Little Bighorn |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| CRECY, THE BATTLE OF | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1346 | English victory over the French | History (HY) | HUNDRED YEARS WAR (HYW) 1339-1453 |
MENU |
| CRESQUES, ABRAHAM and JEHUDA | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1375 |
Via Mansa Musa - Catalan Atlas |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| CRETE, THE ISLAND OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1897 | Revolt leads to Greco-Turkish War | History (HY) | GREECE (GRE) | MENU |
| CRICKET - FOUNDATION OF MCC | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1787 |
Via Snippets- Lords cricket ground |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| CRICKET - THE ASHES SERIES | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1882 |
Via Snippets - England v Australia |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| CRIMEAN WAR, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1853 | GB, France, Turkey v Russia | History (HY) | CRIMEAN WAR (CRW) 1853-1856 |
MENU |
| CRISPIN, SAINT | HENRY V (H5) 1413-1422 |
1415 |
Via Agincourt - saint's feast day |
History (HY) | HUNDRED YEARS WAR (HYW) 1339-1453 |
MENU |
| CRISTOFORI, BARTOLOMEO | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1709 | Italian piano maker - pioneer | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| CROCKETT, DAVY | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1835 |
Via Alamo - American frontiersman |
History (HY) | TEXAS (TEX) | MENU |
| CROME, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1803 |
Via Norwich School - co-founder |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CROME, JOHN BERNEY | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1828 |
Via Norwich School - English artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CROMER, LORD | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1899 |
Via Fashoda Incident - Egypt |
History (HY) | EGYPT (EGY) | MENU |
| CROMPTON, SAMUEL | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1779 | English inventor - spinning mule | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| CROMWELL, OLIVER | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1644 | English ruler - The Commonwealth | History (HY) | ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (ECW) 1642-1651 |
MENU |
| CROMWELL, RICHARD | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1658 | Lord Protector - The Commonwealth | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| CROMWELL, THOMAS | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1534 | Chief minister - English Reformation | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| CROOKES, WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1875 |
Via Mendeleev - English physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| CROSS, CHARLES | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1892 |
Via Chardonnet - English chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| CRUFTS DOG SHOW, LONDON | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1891 |
Via Snippets - founder Charles Cruft |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| CRUIKSHANK, GEORGE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1811 |
Via Rowlandson - English caricaturist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CRUSADE, THE EIGHTH | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1270 | To Tunisia - death of king Louis IX | Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| CRUSADE, THE FIFTH | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1217 | Directed to Egypt, it ends in failure | Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| CRUSADE, THE FIRST | WILLIAM II (W2) 1087-1100 |
1095 | With aim of recapturing Jerusalem | Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| CRUSADE, THE FOURTH | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1202 | Attacks the city of Constantinople | Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| CRUSADE, THE SECOND | STEPHEN (ST) 1135-1154 |
1147 | Sets out for Holy Land-ends in failure | Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| CRUSADE, THE SEVENTH | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1248 | Directed to Egypt, it ends in failure | Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| CRUSADE, THE SIXTH | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1228 | Jerusalem regained by negotiation | Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| CRUSADE, THE THIRD | RICHARD I (R1) 1189-1199 |
1189 | To Holy Land - ends in failure | Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| CRUSADES, END OF THE | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1291 | Fall of Acre, last Christain stronghold | Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| CRUSADES: A SUMMARY | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1270 |
Via Eighth Crusade |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| CRUSADES: THE RESULTS | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1270 |
Via Eighth Crusade - impact on trade |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| CRYSTAL PALACE, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1851 |
Via Great Exhibition- giant glasshouse |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| CUBAN REVOLT, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 | Ten years' war against Spain | History (HY) | CUBA (CUB) | MENU |
| CUGNOT, JOSEPH | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1769 | French inventor- first automobile | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| CUI, CESAR | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1862 |
Via Balakirev - one of The Mighty Five |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| CULLODEN MOOR, BATTLE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1746 | Defeat of Jacobite Rebellion | History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| CUMBERLAND, THE DUKE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1746 |
Via Culloden - British commander |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| CUNARD LINE, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 |
Via Brunel - shipping company |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| CUNARD, SAMUEL | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 |
Via Brunel - British merchant |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| CUNNINGHAM, ALLAN | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1826 |
Via De Quincey- Scottish poet/author |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| CURIE, MARIE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 | Polish scientist - disovers radium | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| CURIE, PIERRE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 | French scientist -discovers radium | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| CURTIUS, ERNST | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1875 |
Via Schliemann-German archaeologist |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| CUSTER, COLONEL GEORGE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1876 |
Via Little Bighorn - American soldier |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| CUSTOZA, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 |
Via 1848 - Austrian victory in Italy |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| CUSTOZA, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1866 |
Via Austro-Prussian War |
History (HY) | AUSTRO-PRUSSIAN WAR (APW) June/July 1866 |
MENU |
| CUTTY SARK, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1869 |
Via Snippets - famous tea clipper |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| CUVIER, GEORGE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 |
Via Lamarck - Swiss botanist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| CUYP, AELBERT | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1671 |
Via Ruisdael - Dutch painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| CUZCO VALLEY, THE | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1200 | Incas expand into the Cuzco Valley | History (HY) | INCAS (INC) | MENU |
| CUZCO, THE INCA CITY OF | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1100 | Foundation of the Inca city of Cuzco | History (HY) | INCAS (INC) | MENU |
| CYRANO DE BERGERAC | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1656 | French writer - early science fiction | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| D | ||||||
| D'ABBANS, MARQUIS DE JOUFFROY | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1783 |
Via Montgolfier - first steam boat |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| DABO, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1843 |
Via The Sindh - British victory |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| DAGUERRE, LOUIS J.M. | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 | French pioneer in photography | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| DAHOMEY, THE STATE OF | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1665 |
Via Benin - origin of country's name |
History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| DAILY ADVERTISER, LONDON, THE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1730 |
Via Snippets - first modern newspaper |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| DAILY COURANT, THE | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1702 |
Via Snippets - first Eng. Newspaper |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| DAIMLER, GOTTLIEB | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 | German inventor of automobile | Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| D'ALEMBERT, JEAN LE ROND | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1751 |
Via Diderot - French mathematician |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| DALTON, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1808 | English chemist - atomic theory | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| DAMPIER, WILLIAM | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1699 | English explorer - Australia | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| DANA JNR, RICHARD HENRY | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1840 |
Via Melville - Am. writer of the sea |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| DANISH EAST INDIA COMPANY | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1729 |
Via East India Companies - formed |
History (HY) | DENMARK (DEN) | MENU |
| DANNOURA, THE SEA BATTLE OF | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1185 |
Via Japanese Civil War - final battle |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| D'ANNUNZIO, GABRIELE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1890 |
Via Nietzche- Italian poet and novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| DANTE, ALIGHIERI | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1314 |
Italian poet - The Divine Comedy |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| DANTON, GEORGES JACQUES | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1794 | Executed - leader in Reign of Terror | History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| DANUBYU, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1825 |
Via First Anglo-Burmese War |
History (HY) | SOUTHEAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| DARBY, ABRAHAM | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1709 | English ironmaker - use of coke | Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| DARBY, ABRAHAM III | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1779 | English engineer - first iron bridge | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| DARBY, JOHN NELSON | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1831 |
Via Plymouth Brethren - evangelist |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| DARE, VIRGINIA | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1587 |
Via Lost Colony - first colonist |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| D'ARLANDES, THE MARQUIS | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1783 |
Via Montgolfier Brothers - first flight |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| DARLING, GRACE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1838 |
Via Snippets - heroine at sea |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| DARNLEY, LORD | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1565 |
Via Mary Qn of Scots - murdered '67 |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| D'ARREST, HEINRICH LOUIS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1846 |
Via Adams- Ger.astronomer- Neptune |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| DARWIN, CHARLES | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 |
English naturalist - Origin of Species |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| DARWIN, ERASMUS | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1796 |
Via Wright - English physician |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| DAS KAPITAL | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1867 |
Via Marx - work by Marx & Engels |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| DAUBENTON, LOUIS-JEAN-MARIE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1788 |
Via Buffon - French naturalist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| D'AUBIGNE, THEODORE-AGRIPPA | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1577 |
Via Fr.Religious Wars - French poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| DAUBIGNY, CHARLES FRANCOIS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1857 |
Via Barbizon School - French painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| DAUDET, ALPHONSE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1869 |
Via Bizet - Frenchwriter - Mon Moulin |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| DAUDET, MADAME ALPHONSE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1867 |
Via Daudet - wife of writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| DAUMIER, HONORE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1836 |
Via Balzac - French caricature artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| DAVID AP GRUFFUDD | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1283 |
Via Wales - rebel leader executed |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| DAVID, JACQUES-LOUIS | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1784 | French neo-classical painter | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| DAVIS CUP, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1899 |
Via Snippets - tennis tournament |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| DAVIS, JEFFERSON | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1861 |
Via American Civil War - ldr in south |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| DAVIS, JOHN | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1585 |
Via Frobisher - English explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| DAVIS, JOHN | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1821 |
Via Antarctic - Am. naval captain |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| DAVITT, MICHAEL | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1881 |
Via Phoenix Park Murders - radical |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| DAVY, HUMPHRY | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 | English chemist- invents miner's lamp | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| DAWES, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1775 |
Via Paul Revere - ride to Lexington |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| DE CHAUMAREYS, VISCOUNT HUGUES | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1816 |
Via Gericault - commander of Medusa |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| DE GEYTER, PIERRE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1888 |
Via Internationale - Belgian composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| DE LA BECHE, HENRY THOMAS | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1835 |
Via Snippets - Brit. geological survey |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| DE LA WARR, LORD | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1610 |
Via Jamestown - English Colonist |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| DE MORGAN, WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 |
Via Pre-Raphaelites - English potter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| DE QUINCEY, THOMAS | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1822 | English essayist - an opium-eater | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| DE RIVAZ, FRANCOIS ISAAC | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1807 |
Via Auto Industry -Swiss engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| DE SOTO, HERNANDO | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1538 |
Via Pizarro - explores Florida |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| DE WET, GENERAL CHRISTIAN RUDOLF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 |
Via 2nd Anglo-Boer War - Boer ldr. |
History (HY) | ANGLO-BOER WAR (2ND) (SBW) 1899-1902 |
MENU |
| DE WINT, PETER | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 |
Via Varley - English watercolour artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| DEAK, FERENC | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1867 |
Via Austria-Hungary - statesman |
History (HY) | AUSTRIA-HUNGARY (AHU) | MENU |
| DEBUSSY, CLAUDE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 | Revolutionary French composer | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| DECADENT MOVEMENT, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 |
Via Redon - Modern movement in art |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| DECEMBRIST UPRISING, THE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1825 | Attempt to overthrow Tsar Nicholas | History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| DECIMAL SYSTEM, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1790 |
Via Snippets - adopted by the French |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| DECLARATION OF INDULGENCE, THE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1672 |
Via Charles II - re. nonconformists |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| DEE, JOHN | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1595 |
Via Sidney - Eng.mathematician |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| DEERE, JOHN | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1837 |
Via Tull - Am.blacksmith - steel plough |
Agriculture (AG) | XNA | MENU |
| DEFENESTRATION OF PRAGUE, THE | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1618 |
Via Thirty Yrs War - the cause |
History (HY) | THIRTY YEARS WAR (TYW) 1618-1648 |
MENU |
| DEFOE, DANIEL | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1719 |
English writer - Robinson Crusoe |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| DEGAS, EDGAR | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1863 |
Via Manet - French painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| DELACROIX, EUGENE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1824 | Leading French romantic painter | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| DELAROCHE, PAUL | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1833 |
Via Lady Jane Gray - French painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| DELHI DURBAR, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1876 |
Via Empress of India - proclamation |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| DELIBES, LEO | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 |
French composer - Ballet Coppelia |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| DELISLE, GUILLAUME | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1700 | French cartographer - pioneer | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| DELIUS, FREDERICK | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1897 |
Via Elgar - English composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| DELONG, GEORGE WASHINGTON | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1879 |
Via Arctic - American naval explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| DENAIN, THE BATTLE OF | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1712 |
Via Prince Eugene - defeated |
History (HY) | SPANISH SUCCESSION (WSS) 1701-1714 |
MENU |
| DENHAM, DIXON | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1823 |
Via Africa- Eng.explorer- Lake Chad |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| DENMARK | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1397 |
Via Union of Kalmar - with Nor.& Sw. |
History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| DENNIS, JOHN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1711 |
Via Pope - English dramatist/critic |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| DESAGA, PETER | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1855 |
Via Snippets - re. bunsen burner |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| DESAULT, PIERRE-JOSEPH | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1795 |
Via Bichat - French anatomist |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| DESCARTES, RENE | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1637 | French philosopher/mathematician | Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| DESPENSER, HUGH (Father & Son) | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1322 |
Via Edward II - rule of favourites |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| DESSALINES, JEAN JACQUES | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1804 |
Via Toussaint - Emperor of Haiti |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| DESSAU BRIDGE, THE BATTLE OF | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1626 |
Via Thirty Yrs War - Catholic victory |
History (HY) | THIRTY YEARS WAR (TYW) 1618-1648 |
MENU |
| DETTINGEN, BATTLE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1743 | British victory over French | History (HY) | AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION (WAS) 1740-1748 |
MENU |
| DEVOLUTION, THE WAR OF | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1665 |
Via Louis XIV- claims Sp.Netherlands |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| DEWEY, JOHN | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1899 |
Via Froebel - American educator |
Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| DEWEY, MELVIL | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1876 |
Via Snippets - classification of books |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| DEZHNYOV, SEMYEN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1648 |
Via Bering - Russian explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| D'HOLBACH, BARON | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1751 |
Via Diderot - Fr/German philosopher |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| DIAMOND NECKLACE AFFAIR, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1786 |
Via Varennes - Marie Antoinette |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| DIAZ DE LA PENA | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1857 |
Via Barbizon School - French painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| DIAZ, BARTOLOMEU | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1488 | Rounds Cape of Good Hope | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| DICKENS, CHARLES JOHN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1850 | English novelist and social reformer | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| DICKSON, WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1888 |
Via Edison - Scottish engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| DIDEROT, DENIS | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1751 |
French philosophe - Encyclopedie |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| DIE HARDS, THE (BRITISH REGIMENT) | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1811 |
Via Peninsular War-Battle of Albuera |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| DIEMEN, ANTON VAN | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1636 |
Via Tasman - governor DEI company |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| DIESEL, RUDOLF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1892 |
Via Daimler - German engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| DIPLOMATIC REVOLUTON, THE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1756 |
Via Seven Yrs War-political alignment |
History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| DIRECTORY, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1795 |
Via Basle Treaties - Fr.government |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| DISRAELI, BENJAMIN | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1875 | British Prime Minister - Suez Canal | History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| DIXIE, THE TERM | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1767 |
Via the Mason-Dixon Line |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| DIXON, JEREMIAH | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1767 |
Via the Mason-Dixon Line - surveyor |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| DMITRY, DONSKOY | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1380 |
Via Battle of Kulikovo - Russian leader |
History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| DODGE, MARY ELIZABETH | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
Via Twain-Am.writer-The Silver Blades |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| DODGSON, CHARLES LUTWIDGE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
English author - Alice in Wonderland |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| DOGGER BANK, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1781 |
Via Fourth Anglo-Dutch War |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| DOGGETT, THOMAS | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1715 |
Via Snippets - Thames Watermen |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| DOLLAR, THE AMERICAN | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1792 |
Via Snippets - introduced in USA |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| DOMESDAY BOOK, THE | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1086 | Detailed record of Norman England | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| DOMINGO DE GUZMAN, SAINT | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1216 |
Via Albigensian Crusade- Dominicans |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| DOMINICAN ORDER | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1216 |
Via Albigensian Crusade - approved |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| DON CARLOS DE BOURBON | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1833 |
Via First Carlist War - "Charles V" |
History (HY) | SPAIN (SPA) | MENU |
| DON CARLOS, DUKE OF MADRID | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 |
Via Third Carlist War - "Carlos VII" |
History (HY) | SPAIN (SPA) | MENU |
| DON JOHN OF AUSTRIA | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1571 |
Via Lepanto - Sp.victorious general |
History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| DONATELLO | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1435 | Italian sculptor and painter | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| DONGHAK REBELLION, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via First Sino-Japanese War |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| DONIZETTI, GAETANO | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1832 |
Italian opera composer - bel canto |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| DONKIN, BRYAN | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1804 |
Via Snippets - English engineer |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| DONNE, JOHN | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1633 | English metaphysical poet- love poems | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| DOORNKOP, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 |
Via Jameson Raid - British defeat |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| DOPPLER, CHRISTIAN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1842 |
Via Adams - Austrian physicist |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| DORE, GUSTAVE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1872 |
Via Barnardo - French illustrator |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| DORIA, ANDREA | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1526 |
Via Suleyman - Cmdr Habsburg navy |
History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| DORPFELD, WILHELM | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1882 |
Via Schliemann-German archaeologist |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| DORYLAEUM, THE BATTLE OF | STEPHEN (ST) 1135-1154 |
1147 |
Via Second Crusade - Xn defeat |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| DOS RIOS, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via Sp.-Am.War- Spanish victory |
History (HY) | CUBA (CUB) | MENU |
| DOST MUHAMMAD | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1837 |
Via First Anglo-Afghan War |
History (HY) | AFGHANISTAN (AFG) | MENU |
| DOSTOEVSKY, FYODOR | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1866 |
Russian novelist - The Idiot |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| DOUBLEDAY, ABNER | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1839 |
Via Snippets - American baseball |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| DOUGLAS, LORD ALFRED | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via Oscar Wilde - partner |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| DOUGLASS, SIR JAMES | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1882 |
Via Smeaton - English civil engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| DOVER, THE SECRET TREATY OF | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1670 |
Via Charles II - with Louis XIV |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| DOWLAND, JOHN | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1604 |
Via Monteverdi -English lute player |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| DOWNING STREET, LONDON | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1660 |
Via Pepys - George Downing |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| DRAKE, EDWIN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 |
Via Snippets - first oil well in USA |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| DRAKE, FRANCIS | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1580 | English adventurer - round the world | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| DRAPER, JOHN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1840 |
Via Daguerre - American astronomer |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| DREBBEL, CORNELIUS VAN | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1620 | Dutch Inventor- early submarine | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| DRESDEN, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 |
Via Retreat from Moscow - Fr.victory |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| DRESDEN, THE PEACE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1745 |
Via Fontenoy - Austria loses Silesia. |
History (HY) | AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION (WAS) 1740-1748 |
MENU |
| DREYFUS AFFAIR, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 | Social and political crisis in France | History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| DREYFUS, ALFRED | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via Dreyfus Affair - French officer |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| DROGHEDA, THE SIEGE OF | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1649 | Cromwell's campaign in Ireland | History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| DRYDEN, JOHN | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1667 | English poet and dramatist | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| DU BELLAY, JOACHIM | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1549 |
French poet - member of La Pleiade |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| DU MAURIER, GEORGES | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via Kipling - Fr/Eng writer - Trilby |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| DUBOIS, EUGENE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1892 | Dutch anatomist - Java man | Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| DUCCIO DI BUONINSEGNA | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1311 | It.painter- founder of Sienese School | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| DUCOS DU HAURON, LOUIS | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 |
Via Maxwell - Fr.colour photographer |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| DUFAY, GUILLAUME | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1454 |
Via Constantinople- French composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| DUKAS, PAUL | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1897 |
Via Strauss - French composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| DUMAS, ALEXANDRE, FILS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 |
Via Dumas - French novelist - Camille |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| DUMAS, ALEXANDRE, PERE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1844 |
Fr.novelist - The Three Musketeers |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| DUMAS, JEAN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1842 |
Via Pasteur - French chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| DUMONT D'URVILLE, JULES | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1837 |
Via Ross - Fr.explorer of Antarctica |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| DUNANT, JEAN HENRI | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 |
Via Battle of Solferino - Red Cross |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| DUNBAR, THE BATTLE OF | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1296 |
Via John Balliol - defeated by E1 |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| DUNBAR, THE BATTLE OF | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1650 |
Via Cromwell - Scots defeated |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| DUNCAN, ADMIRAL ADAM | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1797 |
Via Spithead and Nore Mutinies |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| DUNDEE, VISCOUNT | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1689 |
Via Killiecrankie-leader of Scot.revolt |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| DUNES, THE BATTLE OF THE | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1657 |
Via Treaty of Pyrenees - Sp.defeat |
History (HY) | SPAIN (SPA) | MENU |
| DUNGENESS, THE BATTLE OF | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1652 |
Via Anglo-Dutch War - Dutch victory |
History (HY) | NETHERLANDS (NET) | MENU |
| DUNKELD, THE BATTLE OF | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1689 |
Via Killiecrankie - end of Scot.revolt |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| DUNLOP, JOHN BOYD | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1888 |
Via Auto Industry - Scottish inventor |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| DUNMOW FLITCH, THE | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1104 |
Via Snippets - English folk custom |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| DUNNING, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1780 |
Via George III - Crown influence |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| DUNTHORNE, JOHN | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1790 |
Via Constable - amateur artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| DUPLEIX, JOSEPH-FRANCOIS | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1756 |
Via Anglo-French war, India |
History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| DUPRE, JULES | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1857 |
Via Barbizon School - French painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| DUPUY DE LOME, HENRI | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1888 |
Via Fulton - modern submarine |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| DURAND, PETER | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1810 |
Via Appert - introduces tinned food |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| DURAND-RUEL, PAUL | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1872 |
Via Monet - French art dealer |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| DURER, ALBRECHT | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1513 | German painter and graphic artist | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| DURHAM REPORT, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 |
Via Union of Canada Act - reform |
History (HY) | CANADA (CAN) | MENU |
| DURHAM, LORD | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 |
Via Canada Act - Governor general |
History (HY) | CANADA (CAN) | MENU |
| DURRANI, AHMAD SHAH | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1747 | Ruler of Afghanistan - attacks India | History (HY) | AFGHANISTAN (AFG) | MENU |
| D'URVILLE, JULES DUMONT | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1837 |
Via Ross - Fr.explorer of Antarctica |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| DURYEA BROTHERS, CHARLES & FRANK | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1893 |
Via Auto Industry - Am.engineers |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1602 |
Via East India Companies - formed |
History (HY) | NETHERLANDS (NET) | MENU |
| DVORAK, ANTONIN | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1893 |
Czech composer - Slavonic Dances |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| DYCE, WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1860 |
Via Pre-Raphaelites - Scottish artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| DYRRHACHIUM, THE BATTLE OF | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1081 |
Via Guiscard - defeat of Byz. forces |
History (HY) | BYZANTIUM (EMPIRE) (BYZ) | MENU |
| E | ||||||
| EANES, CAPTAIN GIL | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1434 |
Via Henry Navigator - Port. explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| EARLY GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1220 |
Via Salisbury Cathedral, Wilts, Eng. |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| EARP BROTHERS, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1881 |
Via Ned Kelly - American lawmen |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| EAST AFRICAN TRADERS | HENRY IV (H4) 1399-1413 |
1400 |
Via Zimbabwe, Great Empire of |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| EAST INDIA COMPANIES, THE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1600 | English, Dutch, French & Danish | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| EASTER ISLAND | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1722 |
Via Roggeveen, explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| EASTMAN, GEORGE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1888 | American inventor- Kodak camera | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| ECKERMANN, JOHANN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1808 |
Via Goethe - life-long companion |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| ECUADOR, SOUTH AMERICA | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1822 |
Via Bolivar - gains independence |
History (HY) | ECUADOR (ECU) | MENU |
| EDDY, MARY BAKER | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 |
Via Christian Science - founder |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| EDGEHILL, THE BATTLE OF | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1642 |
Via English Civil War - indecisive |
History (HY) | ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (ECW) 1642-1651 |
MENU |
| EDGEWORTH, MARIA | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 |
Via Scott - Irish historical novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| EDISON, THOMAS | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1877 | American inventor - phonograph | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| EDWARD I, KING OF ENGLAND | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1272 | To 1307 - Wales and Scotland | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| EDWARD II, KING OF ENGLAND | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1307 | To 1327 - Battle of Bannockburn | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| EDWARD III, KING OF ENGLAND | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1327 | To 1377- Battles of Crecy and Poitiers | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| EDWARD IV, KING OF ENGLAND | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1461 | To 1485 - War of Roses continues | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| EDWARD THE CONFESSOR, KING | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1066 |
Via William the Conqueror-former king |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| EDWARD V, KING OF ENGLAND | EDWARD V (E5) 1483 |
1483 | To 1483 - murdered in Tower | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| EDWARD VI, KING OF ENGLAND | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1547 | and IRELAND - to 1553 - boy king | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| EDWARDS, JONATHAN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1739 |
Via Whitefield - American theologian |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| EGMONT, THE COUNT OF | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1568 |
Via Alva - victim of Council of Blood |
History (HY) | NETHERLANDS (NET) | MENU |
| EHRENBERG, CHRISTIAN GOTTFRIED | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1820 |
Via Sudan - German naturalist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| EHRLICH, PAUL | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1890 |
Via Behring - German bacteriologist |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| EIFFEL TOWER, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1889 | Monument in Paris - Gustave Eiffel | Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| EIFFEL, GUSTAVE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1889 | French engineer - Eiffel Tower | Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| EIGHT-NATION ALLIANCE, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 |
Via Boxer Rebellion - relief force |
History (HY) | BOXER REBELLION (TBR) 1899-1901 |
MENU |
| EISTEDDFOD, NATIONAL FESTIVAL | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1176 |
Via Snippets - Welsh cultural festival |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| EL CID | WILLIAM II (W2) 1087-1100 |
1094 | Spanish soldier fights the Moors | History (HY) | MOORS (MOO) | MENU |
| EL GRECO | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1586 | Greek painter- worked in Spain | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| EL OBEID, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1883 |
Via First Anglo-Sudan War |
History (HY) | SUDAN (SUD) | MENU |
| EL ZANJON, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1878 |
Via Cuban Revolt - settlement |
History (HY) | CUBA (CUB) | MENU |
| ELBA, THE ISLAND OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1814 | Place of Napoleon's exile | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| ELCANO, JUAN SEBASTIAN | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1522 |
Via Magellan - first to circuit globe |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| ELEVEN YEARS' TYRANNY, THE | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1629 | Eng.parliament disbanded to 1640 | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| ELGAR, EDWARD | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1899 |
Eng.composer - Enigma Variations |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| ELGIN MARBLES, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 | Sculptures from Parthenon in Athens | Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| ELGIN, THE EARL OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 |
Via Elgin Marbles- antiquarian |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| ELIOT, GEORGE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1860 |
English novelist - Mill on the Floss |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| ELIOT, JOHN | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1631 |
Via Pilgrim Fathers - Eng.missionary |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| ELIOTT, GENERAL GEORGE AUGUSTUS | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1779 |
Via Great Siege of Gibraltar - Cmdr. |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| ELIZABETH I, QN OF ENGLAND | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1558 | and IRELAND - to 1603 - Armada | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| ELLIS, WILLIAM WEBB | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1823 |
Via Arnold - re. the game of rugby |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| EMANCIPATION OF SERFS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1861 | By Russian Tsar Alexander II | History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| EMERSON, RALPH WALDO | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1838 |
Via Hawthorne - Transcendentalism |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| EMIN PASHA | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1888 |
Via Stanley - German explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| EMMET, ROBERT | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1803 |
Via Act of Union- leader of Irish revolt |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| EMMETT, DANIEL DECATUR | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1859 |
Via the Mason-Dixon Line- composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| EMPRESS OF INDIA, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1876 | Conferred upon Queen Victoria | History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT, THE | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1549 |
Via Kett Rebellion - re. common land |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| ENCYCLOPEDIE, THE FRENCH | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1751 | A vast work of reference - Diderot | Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| ENGELS, FRIEDRICH | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 | German philosopher - communism | Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| ENGLAND'S ROYAL COAT OF ARMS | RICHARD I (R1) 1189-1199 |
1189 |
Via Richard I - the three lions |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| ENGLISH CIVIL WAR, THE | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1642 | To 1651 - The major causes | History (HY) | ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (ECW) 1642-1651 |
MENU |
| ENGLISH CIVIL WAR, THE END | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1651 |
Via Worcester - reasons for outcome |
History (HY) | ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (ECW) 1642-1651 |
MENU |
| ENGLISH EAST INDIA COMPANY | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1600 | Formed - important role in India | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| ENGLISH PORCELAIN INDUSTRY | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1750 |
Via Wedgwood - major factories |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ENGLISH REFORMATION, THE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1534 | Henry VIII head of English Church | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| ENLIGHTENMENT, THE AGE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1751 |
Via Denis Diderot - Encyclopedie |
Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| ENSOR, JAMES | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 |
Via Munch - Belgian painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ENTENTE CORDIALE, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1904 |
Via Franco-Russian Alliance |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| ENTRECASTEAUX, BRUNI D' | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1791 |
Via Botany Bay - French navigator |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| EQUIANO, OLAUDAH | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1789 |
Via Asiento- autobiography of a slave |
History (HY) | AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE (SLT) from c1502 |
MENU |
| ERARD, SEBASTIEN | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1810 |
Via Cristofori -French piano maker |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| ERASMUS, DESIDERIUS | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1509 |
Dutch Humanist - In Praise of Folly |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| ERIC OF POMERANIA | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1397 |
Via Kalmar - King Den,Nor,Sweden |
History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| ERICSSON, JOHN | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1836 |
Via Babbage - American Engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| ERIE CANAL, UNITED STATES | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1825 |
Via Snippets - open to traffic |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| ESCORIAL PALACE, THE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1563 | And monastery near Madrid | Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| ESCORIAL, THE TREATY OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1733 |
Via Polish Succession - anti-British |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| ESPARTERO, BALDOMERO | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1836 |
Via First Carlist War - royal general |
History (HY) | SPAIN (SPA) | MENU |
| ESSEX, THE EARL OF | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1599 |
Via Hugh O'Neil - failure in Ireland |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| ESTATES GENERAL,THE | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1614 |
Via Louis XIII - Fr.parliament meets |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| ETAPLES, THE PEACE OF | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1492 |
Via Warbeck - end to French support |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| ETON COLLEGE | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1440 |
Via Henry VI - founded this year |
Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| EUGENE, PRINCE OF SAVOY | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1706 |
Via Battle of Ramillies - Aust.General |
History (HY) | SPANISH SUCCESSION (WSS) 1701-1714 |
MENU |
| EULER, LEONHARD | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1748 |
Via Bernoulli - Swiss mathematician |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| EUREKA STOCKADE, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1854 |
Via Chartism - Australian protest |
History (HY) | AUSTRALIA (AUS) | MENU |
| EVANS, ABEL | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1726 |
Via Vanbrugh - English poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| EVANS, JOHN | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1881 |
Via Evans - English archaeologist |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| EVANS, OLIVER | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1805 |
Via Trevithick - American engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| EVANS, SIR ARTHUR | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 | Eng.archaeologist - Knossos, Crete | Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| EVELYN, JOHN | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1641 |
Via Pepys- English diarist 1641-1706 |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| EVENING POST, THE | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1706 |
Via Snippets - first evening newspaper |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| EVEREST, SIR GEORGE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
Via Snippets - mountain named after |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| EVERETT, EDWARD | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1863 |
Via Gettysburg - American politician |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| EVERLASTING LEAGUE, THE | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1291 | Beginning of Swiss Federation | History (HY) | SWITZERLAND (SWI) | MENU |
| EVESHAM, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1265 | Montfort is defeated and killed | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| EWUARE, OBA | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1440 | Becomes ruler of the Benin Kingdom | History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| EXCLUSION BILL, THE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1679 |
Via Popish Plot - re. succession |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| EXPRESSIONISM | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1901 |
Via Van Gogh - German art movement |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| EYCK, JAN VAN | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1432 | Noted Flemish painter | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| EYLAU, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1807 | Napoleon defeats Russians | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| EYRE, EDWARD JOHN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1840 |
Via Sturt - Eng.explorer in Australia |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| F | ||||||
| FABIAN SOCIETY, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via Shaw - doctrine of socialism |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| FABRE, HENRI | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 |
Via Mendel - French entomologist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| FABRICIUS, HIERONYMUS | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1600 |
Via Cesalpino - Italian anatomist |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| FABRITIUS, CAREL | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1654 |
Via Vermeer - Dutch painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| FACTORY ACT 1833, THE BRITISH | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1833 |
Via Reform Bill - re. child labour |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| FAHRENHEIT, GABRIEL DANIEL | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1714 | German scientist - thermometer | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| FAIR OAKS, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1862 |
Via Am.Civil War - Union victory |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| FALCONET, ETIENNE MAURICE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1782 |
Via Catherine II - French sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| FALKIRK, THE BATTLE OF | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1298 | Edward defeats Wallace in Scotland | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| FALKIRK, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1746 |
Via '45 Rebellion - Jacobite victory |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| FALKLAND ISLANDS, THE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1833 |
Via Ross - taken by British |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| FALLOPIUS, GABRIEL | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1548 | Italian anatomist - reproductive organs | Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| FALSE DMITRY, THE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1603 |
Via Godunov - Tsar 1605-1606 |
History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| FANTIN-LATOUR, HENRI | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1864 |
Via Whistler - French artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| FARADAY, MICHAEL | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1831 | English scientist - electric dynamo | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| FARIA E SOUSA, MANUEL DE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1639 |
Via Camoens - Portuguese poet/critic |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| FARINA, JOHANN MARIA | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1709 |
Via Snippets - makes eau de cologne |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| FARQUHAR, GEORGE | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1706 |
Via Vanbrugh - Irish dramatist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| FASHODA INCIDENT, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 | A serious Anglo-French dispute | History (HY) | SUDAN (SUD) | MENU |
| FAUCHARD, PIERRE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1728 |
Via Cheselden - French dentist |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| FAURE, GABRIEL | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1888 |
Via Saint-Saëns - French composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| FAUVISM | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1905 |
Via Van Gogh - French art movement |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| FAWCETT, MILLICENT | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1901 |
Via 2nd Anglo-Boer War- commission |
History (HY) | ANGLO-BOER WAR (2ND) (SBW) 1899-1902 |
MENU |
| FAWKES, THE REVEREND FRANCIS | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1761 |
Via Snippets - author The Brown Jug |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| FEBRONIUS, JUSTINUS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1763 |
Via Pope Pius VI - Febronianism |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| FENBY, ERIC | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1928 |
Via Delius - English amanuensis |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| FENELON, FRANCOIS DE | JAMES II (J2) 1685-1688 |
1699 |
Via Revocation of Edict of Nantes |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| FENEON, FELIX | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1886 |
Via Seurat - French art critic |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| FENIAN MOVEMENT/UPRISING | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1867 | Movement for Irish independence | History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| FENTON, ROGER | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1855 |
Via Crimean War - photographer |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| FERDINAND I, EMPEROR | MARY I (M1) 1553-1558 |
1556 | Division of Holy Roman Empire | History (HY) | HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (HRE) | MENU |
| FERDINAND III OF CASTILE | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1236 | Captures Cordoba from the Moors | History (HY) | MOORS (MOO) | MENU |
| FERDINAND OF ARAGON | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1469 | Marriage to Isabella of Castile | History (HY) | SPAIN (SPA) | MENU |
| FERDINAND VII, KING OF SPAIN | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1833 |
Via First Carlist War - 1814-1833 |
History (HY) | SPAIN (SPA) | MENU |
| FERKEH, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 |
Via Second Anglo-Sudan War |
History (HY) | SUDAN (SUD) | MENU |
| FERMAT, PIERRE DE | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1654 |
Via Pascal - French mathematician |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| FERRABEE, JOHN | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1830 |
Via Snippets- Eng.inventor of mower |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| FERRARI, LODOVICO | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1548 |
Via Cardano - Italian mathematician |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| FESSENDEN, REGINALD | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 |
Via Marconi - Canadian physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| FEUDAL SYSTEM, THE | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1066 | Norman feudal system - British Isles | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| FEUERBACH, LUDWIG | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 |
Via Marx - German atheist |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| FICHTE, JOHANN GOTTLIEB | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1792 |
Via Kant - German philosopher |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| FIELD OF THE CLOTH OF GOLD | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1520 |
Via Henry VIII - meets Francis I |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| FIELD, CYRUS W. | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1866 | Am. Financier - transatlantic cable | Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| FIELD, JOHN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1814 |
Via Chopin-Irish composer-Nocturne |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| FIELDING, HENRY | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1749 |
English novelist - Tom Jones |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| FIFTEEN REBELLION, THE | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1715 | Jacobite rising in Scotland & England | History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| FIGG, JAMES | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1719 |
Via Snippets - Eng.boxing champion |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| FINLAND | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1809 |
Via Kiel - Finland ceded to Russia |
History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| FINLAY, CARLOS | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1881 |
Via Panama Canal - Cuban physician |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| FINLEY, JAMES | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1796 |
Via Telford - American bridge builder |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| FIORELLI, GIUSEPPE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1860 |
Via Pompeii - Italian archaeologist |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| FIRESTONE, HARVEY | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 |
Via Auto Industry- American inventor |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| FISHER, JOHN | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1535 |
Via More - Catholic bishop - executed |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| FITCH, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1786 |
Via Fulton, American boat builder |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| FITZGERALD, EDWARD | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 |
Via Tennyson - poet - Omar Kayyam |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| FITZGERALD, GEORGE FRANCIS | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1883 |
Via Hertz - Irish physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| FITZGERALD, GERALD | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1579 |
Via Ireland - leads 2nd Catholic revolt |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| FITZGERALD, GERALD, OF KILDARE | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1485 |
Via Poynings' Law - control of Ireland |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| FITZGERALD, JAMES | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1568 |
Via Ireland - leads 2nd Catholic revolt |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| FIZEAU, ARMAND | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1845 |
Via Daguerre - French physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| FLAMSTEED, JOHN | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1705 |
Via Halley - English astronomer |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| FLAUBERT, GUSTAVE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1857 |
Via Poe- Fr.novelist- Madame Bovary |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| FLAXMAN, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1808 |
Via Trafalgar - Eng.sculptor/designer |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| FLETCHER, JOHN | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1611 | Eng.playwright-worked with Beaumont | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| FLETCHER, RICHARD | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1586 |
Via John Fletcher - royal chaplain |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| FLEURUS, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1794 |
Via Basle Treaties - French victory |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| FLIGHT OF THE EARLS, THE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1607 |
Via Ireland - Settlement in Rome |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| FLIGHT TO VARENNES, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1791 | Louis XVI attempts to escape | History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| FLINDERS, MATTHEW | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1803 |
Via Lewis & Clark - circuits Australia |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| FLODDEN FIELD, BATTLE OF | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1513 | English defeat the Scots | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| FLORENCE, THE CITY OF | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1436 | Birth place of Italian renaissance | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| FLOYER, SIR JOHN | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1697 |
Via Snippets - Eng.physician - pulse |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| FOLGER, TIMOTHY | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1770 |
Via Franklin- Am.whaler- Gulf Stream |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| FOMENA, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1874 |
Via Third Anglo-Ashanti War |
History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| FONTAINEBLEAU, THE TREATY OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1807 | Secret treaty between France & Spain | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| FONTAINEBLEAU, THE TREATY OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1814 |
Via Elba - Napoleon abdicates |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| FONTANA, DOMENICO | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1592 |
Via Pompeii - Italian architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| FONTENOY, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1745 | French victory in Austrian Succession | History (HY) | AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION (WAS) 1740-1748 |
MENU |
| FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION, THE ENGLISH | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1863 |
Via Snippets - the first of its kind |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| FORBIDDEN CITY, THE | HENRY V (H5) 1413-1422 |
1421 | Built in Peking by Emperor Yung-Lo | History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| FORD, HENRY | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 |
Via Auto Industry- American engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| FORD, JOHN | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1634 |
Via Warbeck - English dramatist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| FORSTER, JOHANN & GEORG | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1772 |
Via Banks - German botanists |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| FORT LARAMIE, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 |
Via Little Bighorn- treaty with Indians |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| FORTH RAILWAY BRIDGE, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1890 |
Via Snippets - opens in Scotland |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| FORTY-FIVE REBELLION, THE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1745 | A Jacobite invasion of Scotland | History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| FORTY-NINTH PARALLEL, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1818 |
Via Lewis/Clark - the Am/Can border |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| FOSTER, STEPHEN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1851 |
Via American Civil War - songs |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| FOTHERGILL, JOHN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1748 |
Via Cheselden - Eng.doctor- diptheria |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| FOUCAULT, LEON | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1845 |
Via Daguerre - French physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| FOUQUET, JEAN | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1450 |
Via Joan of Arc - French artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| FOUQUET, NICOLAS | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1661 |
Via Versailles - finance minister |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| FOURIER, CHARLES | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 |
Via Owen - French social reformer |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| FOURIER, JOSEPH | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1798 |
Via Pyramids - French mathematician |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| FOURNIER, LOUIS EDOUARD | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1889 |
Via Shelley - French artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| FOX, CHARLES JAMES | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1783 |
Via Pitt the Younger - Whig politician |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| FOX, GEORGE | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1650 |
Via Quakers - English preacher |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| FOXE, JOHN | MARY I (M1) 1553-1558 |
1563 |
Via Ridley/Latimer- Book of Martyrs |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| FRA ANGELICO | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1450 |
Via Florence - Italian painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| FRA BARTOLOMMEO | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1500 |
Via Savonarola - Florentine artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| FRACASTORO, GEROLAMO | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1546 |
Via Vesalius - Italian - On Contagion |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| FRAGA, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1134 |
Via Alfonso I - victory for the Moors |
History (HY) | MOORS (MOO) | MENU |
| FRAGONARD, JEAN HONORE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1766 |
French rococo painter - The Swing |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| FRANCE, ANATOLE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 |
Via Dreyfus Affair - French novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| FRANCIA, JOSE GASPAR RODRIGUEZ DE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 |
Via Paraguay - rebel leader |
History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| FRANCIS DE SALES | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1610 | French bishop and theologian | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| FRANCIS I, OF FRANCE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1525 |
Via Battle of Pavia - 1515 to 1547 |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| FRANCIS OF ASSISI, SAINT | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1210 | Founds the Franciscan Order | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| FRANCISCAN ORDER, THE | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1210 |
Via Francis of Assisi - Order founded |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| FRANCK, CESAR | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1888 |
Via Rimsky-Korsakov - Fr.composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| FRANCO-AMERICAN ALLIANCE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1778 | American Independence | History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| FRANCO-DUTCH WAR | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1672 |
Via Third Anglo-Dutch War - to 1679 |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 | Germany defeats France by 1871 | History (HY) | PRUSSIA (PRU) | MENU |
| FRANCO-RUSSIAN ALLIANCE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 | Formed against Triple Alliance | History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| FRANKFURT PARLIAMENT, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 |
Via 1848 - attempt at Ger.unification |
History (HY) | GERMANY (GER) | MENU |
| FRANKFURT, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 |
Via Siege of Paris - ends F-P War |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1752 | American politician & scientist | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| FRANKLIN, JOHN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1845 | English explorer lost in the Arctic | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| FRANZ-JOSEPH, EMPEROR | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1867 | Austria-Hungary - Dual Monarchy | History (HY) | AUSTRIA-HUNGARY (AHU) | MENU |
| FRASER, SIMON | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1808 |
Via Lewis & Clerk - Canadian explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| FRAUNHOFER, JOSEPH VON | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1814 |
Via Gauss - lines in sun's spectrum |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| FREDERICK BARBAROSSA | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1177 | Emperor in dispute with Pope | History (HY) | HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (HRE) | MENU |
| FREDERICK II OF GERMANY | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1228 |
Via Sixth Crusade-regains Jerusalem |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| FREDERICK II, THE GREAT | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1759 | Enlightened ruler of Prussia 1740-86 | History (HY) | PRUSSIA (PRU) | MENU |
| FREDERICKSBURG, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1862 |
Via Am.Civil War - Confed victory |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| FREMANTLE, CAPTAIN CHARLES | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1829 | British naval officer-Western Australia | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| FRENCH EAST INDIA CO. | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1664 |
Via East India Companies - formed |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| FRENCH FOREIGN LEGION, THE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1831 |
Via Algeria - international army |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| FRENCH INDOCHINA | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1887 | Territories of Vietnam & Cambodia | History (HY) | SOUTH EAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| FRENCH MILITARY ACADEMY, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1802 |
Via Snippets - founded by Napoleon |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| FRENCH REVOLUTION, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1789 | To rise of Napoleon 1799 | History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1562 | To 1598 - ends by Edict of Nantes | History (HY) | FRENCH RELIGIOUS WARS (FWR) 1562-1598 |
MENU |
| FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1874 |
Via Battle of Concord - Am.sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| FRERE, SIR HENRY BARTLE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 |
Via Anglo-Zulu War - Commissioner |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| FRESNEL, AUGUSTIN-JEAN | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1821 | French physicist - improved lens | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| FRIEDLAND, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1807 | Napoleon defeats Russians | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| FRIEDLINGEN, THE BATTLE OF | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1702 |
Via Spanish Succession - Fr. victory |
History (HY) | SPANISH SUCCESSION (WSS) 1701-1714 |
MENU |
| FRIEDRICH, CASPAR DAVID | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1818 |
Via Romanticism - German painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| FRIESE-GREENE, WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1889 |
Via Motion Pictures-Eng.photographer |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| FRISIUS, GEMMA | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1535 |
Via Mercator - Dutch mapmaker |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| FROBISHER, MARTIN | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1576 | English explorer - NW passage | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| FROEBEL, FRIEDRICH WILHELM | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1837 | German educator - kindergarten | Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| FROISSART, JEAN | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1339 |
Via Hundred Years War - chronicler |
History (HY) | HUNDRED YEARS WAR (HYW) 1339-1453 |
MENU |
| FRONDE, THE PARLEMENTARY | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1648 | French social rebellion in Paris | History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| FRONDE, THE PRINCELY | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1653 | French social rebellion led by Conde | History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| FROUDE, WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1857 |
Via Brunel - English engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| FRY, ELIZABETH | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 | English prison reformer | Law (LW) | XNA | MENU |
| FUCHS, LEONHARD | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1542 |
Via Agricola - German botanist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| FULTON, ROBERT | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1807 | American engineer- paddle steamboat | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| FURNEAUX, TOBIAS | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1775 |
Via Cook - captain of The Adventure |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| FURNISS, HARRY | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1881 |
Via Gladstone - Irish cartoonist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| FUSELI, HENRY | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1781 |
Via Reynolds- Swiss artist- Nightmare |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| FUST, JOHANN | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1448 |
Via Gutenberg - printing partner |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| G | ||||||
| GABELSBERGER, FRANZ XAVER | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1834 |
Via Snippets - German shorthand |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| GABRIEL, JAQUES- ANGE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1764 |
Via Snippets - Fr.architect -Trianon |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| GADDI, TADDEO | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1334 |
Via Giotto's Tower- Florentine artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GADSDEN PURCHASE, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1853 |
Via Mexican War - U.S. victory |
History (HY) | MEXICO (MEX) | MENU |
| GAINSBOROUGH, THOMAS | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1760 | English portrait artist - high society | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GALILEO, GALILEI | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1610 | Italian astronomer - the solar system | Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| GALL, FRANZ JOSEPH | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1802 |
Via Hahnemann - phrenology |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| GALLE, JOHANN GOTTFRIED | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1846 |
Via Adams- Ger.astronomer- Neptune |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| GALSWORTHY, JOHN | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1897 |
Via Wells - Eng novelist/playwright |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GALTON, FRANCIS | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 |
Via Darwin - re. survival of fittest |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| GALVANI, LUIGI | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1791 |
Via Volta - Italian physiologist |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| GAMBETTA, LEON | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 |
Via Siege of Paris - war minister |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| GANCIA REVOLT, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1860 |
Via Italian Independence - Palermo |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| GANDAMAK, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 |
Via Second Anglo-Afghan War |
History (HY) | AFGHANISTAN (AFG) | MENU |
| GANDON, JAMES | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1769 |
Via Adam - Eng. architect in Ireland |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| GANGHWA, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1876 |
Via First Sino-Japanese War |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| GARDNER, ERNEST | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 |
Via Petrie - English archaeologist |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| GARDNER, PERCY | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1881 |
Via Petrie - English archaeologist |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| GARFIELD, PRESIDENT JAMES | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1881 |
Via Bell - President assassinated |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| GARIBALDI, GIUSEPPE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1860 | Fighter for Italian unification | History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| GARNERIN, ANDRE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1797 |
Via Blanchard - French parachutist |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| GARRETT, ALMEIDA | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1825 |
Via Camoens - Portuguese poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GARRICK, DAVID | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1762 |
Via Adam - English actor/playwright |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GASCONY, THE DUCHY OF | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1294 | Cause of war - France v England | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| GASKELL, ELIZABETH | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1853 |
Via Bronte Sisters - English novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GASPAR A MYRICA | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1535 |
Via Mercator - Dutch engraver |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| GASTEIN CONVENTION, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
Via Second Schleswig War |
History (HY) | DENMARK (DEN) | MENU |
| GATES, GENERAL HORATIO | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1777 |
Via Battles of Saratoga -Am.leader |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| GAUGUIN, PAUL | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1888 | French post-impressionist painter | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GAUSS, CARL | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1809 | German mathematician | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| GAUTIER, THEOPHILE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1835 |
Via Hugo - French poet and critic |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GAVESTON, PIERS | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1307 |
Via Edward II - a favourite of the king |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| GAY, JOHN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1728 |
English dramatist - Beggar's Opera |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| GAY-LUSSAC, JOSEPH | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1805 |
Via Humboldt - French chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| GENEVA BIBLE, THE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1557 |
Via Tyndale - or the "Breeches Bible" |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| GENGHIS KHAN | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1206 | Founder of the Mongol Empire | History (HY) | MONGOLS (MON) | MENU |
| GEOFFREY OF MONMOUTH | STEPHEN (ST) 1135-1154 |
1139 | Welsh chronicler- King Arthur legends | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GEOFFRIN, MARIE THERESE RODET | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1751 |
Via Diderot - eminent Parisian salon |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| GEOFFROI DE VILLEHARDOUIN | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1202 |
Via Fourth Crusade - detailed account |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| GEORGE CROSS, THE | GEORGE VI 1936-1952 (G6) | 1940 |
Via Sevastopol - civilian gallantry |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| GEORGE I, KING OF GRT.BRITAIN | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1714 | and IRELAND - to 1727 - German | History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| GEORGE II, KING GRT.BRITAIN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1727 | and IRELAND - to 1760 - Walpole | History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| GEORGE III OF GREAT BRITAIN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1760 | To 1820 - Loss of American colonies | History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| GEORGE IV OF UNITED KINGDOM | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1820 | To 1830 - The Regency period | History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| GEORGIA, COLONY FOUNDED | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1733 | Last of 13 Colonies in N.America | History (HY) | NORTH AMERICA (NAM) | MENU |
| GEORGIE PORGIE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1811 |
Via Prince Regent - nursery rhyme |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| GERARD, FRANCOIS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1807 |
Via Austerlitz - French artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GERICAULT, THEODORE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1818 | French artist -The Raft of the Medusa | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GERMAN CONFEDERATION, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 |
Via Vienna Congress - Germany |
History (HY) | GERMANY (GER) | MENU |
| GERMAN UNIFICATION | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 | Establishment of the German Empire | History (HY) | GERMANY (GER) | MENU |
| GERMANY, THE STATES OF | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1831 |
Via Uprisings in Europe - put down |
History (HY) | GERMANY (GER) | MENU |
| GERRIT DE VEER | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1598 |
Via Barents - Dutch sailor/writer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| GESNER, KONRAD VON | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1551 | Swiss Naturalist - founder of Zoology | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| GETTYSBURG ADDRESS, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1863 |
Via Gettysburg - by President Lincoln |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| GETTYSBURG, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1863 | Major battle in American Civil War | History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| GHANA, FALL OF KINGDOM | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1203 | Taken over by neighbouring Susu tribe | History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| GHANA, THE KINGDOM OF | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1076 | Attacked by Almoravids | History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| GHENT, THE TREATY OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1814 |
Via War of 1812 - peace settlement |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| GHIBERTI, LORENZO | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1423 | Florence goldsmith - Paradise Gates | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GHIRLANDAIO, DOMENICO | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1481 |
Via Sistine Chapel - Florentine artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GIBBON, EDWARD | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1788 |
Eng.historian - Rise and Fall of Rome |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GIBBONS, GRINLING | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1697 | English woodcarver - St. Paul's | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GIBBONS, ORLANDO | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1619 |
Via Monteverdi - English composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| GIBBS, JAMES | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1728 | Scottish architect - St. Martin's | Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| GIBRALTAR, GREAT SIEGE OF | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1779 | Franco-Spanish attack - 1779-1783 | History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| GIBRALTAR, THE ROCK OF | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1462 | Rock fortress taken by Castile | History (HY) | SPAIN (SPA) | MENU |
| GIDE, ANDRE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1897 |
Via Oscar Wilde- Fr.writer and critic |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GIFFARD, HENRI | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1852 |
Via Blanchard - French balloonist |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| GILBERT AND SULLIVAN | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 | Producers of light comic operas | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1583 |
Via Cabot - English adventurer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| GILBERT, WILLIAM | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1600 | English scientist - magnetism | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| GILBERT, WILLIAM SCHWENCK | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 | Eng. librettist/poet - Savoy operas | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| GILCHRIST, PERCY | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1875 |
Via Bessemer - English metallurgist |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| GILES OF ROME | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1302 |
Via Boniface VIII - Italian philosopher |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| GILLRAY, JAMES | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1802 |
Via Edward Jenner - cartoonist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GILPIN, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1768 |
Via Repton - English writer & artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GIORGIONE | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1497 |
Via Leonardo da Vinci - Italian painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GIOTTO DI BONDONE | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1307 | Italian painter and architect | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GIOTTO'S TOWER | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1334 | Begun by Giotto di Bondone | Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| GIOVANNI DEI DOLCI | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1473 |
Via Sistine Chapel - Italian architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| GIRARDON, FRANCOIS | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1661 |
Via Le Brun - French sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GIRODET-TRIOSON, ANNE-LOUIS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1808 |
Via Chateaubriand - French painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GIRTIN, THOMAS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1794 |
Via Turner - Eng.watercolour artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GISLEBERTUS | STEPHEN (ST) 1135-1154 |
1135 | French Romanesque sculptor | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GLADSTONE, WILLIAM EWART | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1886 | Prominent British liberal politician | History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| GLAZUNOV, ALEXANDER | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1888 |
Via Borodin - Russian composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| GLENCOE MASSACRE, THE | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1692 | Campbells attack Macdonalds | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| GLENDOWER, OWEN | HENRY IV (H4) 1399-1413 |
1400 | Leads Welsh rebellion against England | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| GLINKA, MIKHAIL | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1842 |
Via Verdi - Russian opera composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| GLOBE THEATRE, THE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1599 | Founded in London by Burbage bros. | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GLORIOUS FIRST OF JUNE, BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1794 |
Via Robespierre - Brit.naval victory |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| GLORIOUS REVOLUTION, THE | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1688 |
Via William III- overthrow of James 2 |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| GLUCK, CHRISTOPH WILLIBALD | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1762 | German operatic composer | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| GOBELIN FAMILY AND FACTORY | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1601 |
Via Snippets - Gobelin tapestries |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GO-DAIGO, EMPEROR | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1333 |
Via War of the Courts - Southern |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| GODFREY DE BOUILLON | WILLIAM II (W2) 1087-1100 |
1099 |
Via Jerusalem - ruler of kingdom |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| GODUNOV, TSAR BORIS | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1565 |
Via Ivan the Terrible - 1598 to 1605 |
History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| GODWIN, FRANCIS | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1638 |
Via Wilkins - The Man in the Moone |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GODWIN, MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1814 |
Via Shelley - later Mary Shelley |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GODWIN, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1793 |
Via Wollstonecraft- philosopher |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| GOETHE, JOHANN WOLFGANG | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1774 | Founder of modern German literature | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GOGOL, NIKOLAI | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1832 |
Via Pushkin - Russian novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GOGRA RIVER, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1529 |
Via Babur - subdues northern India |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| GOLD RUSHES | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 | Australia, South Africa, Canada, NZ | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| GOLDEN PAVILION, THE | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1398 |
Via Japan - palace at Kyoto |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| GOLDEN SPURS, THE BATTLE OF THE | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1302 | French army defeated in Flanders | History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| GOLDSMITH, OLIVER | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1766 |
Anglo-Irish writer - Vicar of Wakefield |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GOLDSMITH, OLIVER (Canadian) | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1825 |
Via Goldsmith - Canadian relative |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GOLIAD, THE SURRENDER AT | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1836 |
Via Texan War of Independence |
History (HY) | TEXAS (TEX) | MENU |
| GOMEZ, MAXIMO | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via Sp.-American War - Cuban rebel |
History (HY) | CUBA (CUB) | MENU |
| GONCOURT ACADEMY, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1903 |
Via Goncourt Brothers - established |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GONCOURT BROTHERS, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
Via Hugo - French novelists |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GOODWIN, HANNIBAL | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1887 |
Via Motion Pictures-American inventor |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| GOODYEAR, CHARLES | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1839 |
Via Auto Industry- American inventor |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| GORDON RIOTS, THE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1780 | Uprising against Roman Catholics | History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| GORDON, GENERAL CHARLES | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 | Brit.commander at Siege of Khartoum | History (HY) | SUDAN (SUD) | MENU |
| GORDON, LORD GEORGE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1780 |
Via Gordon Riots - the leader |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| GORE, LIEUTENANT GRAHAM | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 |
Via Franklin - diary of expedition |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| GOTA CANAL, SWEDEN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1808 |
Via Kiel Treaty - completed in 1832 |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1163 |
Via Notre Dame de Paris |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| GOTTHARD RAILWAY TUNNEL, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 |
Via Snippets - work begins |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| GOULD, JOHN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1837 |
Via Lear, English ornithologist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GOUNOD, CHARLES | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 |
French opera composer - Faust |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| GOWER, JOHN | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1390 |
Via Chaucer - English court poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GOYA, FRANCISCO DE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1814 |
Spanish artist - 3rd May 1808 |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GOZZI, CARLO | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1762 |
Via Puccini - Italian playwright |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GRACE, W.G. | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1876 |
Via Snippets - famous Eng.cricketer |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| GRAHAM, GEORGE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1704 |
Via Tompion, English clockmaker |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| GRAHAM, THOMAS | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1833 |
Via Faraday - Scottish chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| GRANADA, THE FALL OF | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1492 | Fall of the last Muslim territory in Spain | History (HY) | MOORS (MOO) | MENU |
| GRAND ALLIANCE, THE | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1689 | Formed to oppose Louis XIV | History (HY) | GRAND ALLIANCE (WGA) 1688-1697 |
MENU |
| GRAND NATIONAL STEEPLECHASE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 |
Via Snippets - first, held at Aintree |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| GRAND PRIX DE PARIS, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1863 |
Via Snippets - first run at Longchamp |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| GRAND TOUR, THE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1738 |
Via Antonio Canaletto - of Europe |
Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| GRANDPRE, MONSIEUR DE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1808 |
Via Blanchard - duel by balloon |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| GRANT, GENERAL ULYSSES | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1862 |
Via Second Battle of Bull Run |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| GRANT, GEORGE BARNARD | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1876 |
Via Babbage - American engineer |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1860 |
Via Speke - Scottish explorer - Nile |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| GRATIAN | STEPHEN (ST) 1135-1154 |
1143 | Italian monk - Father of Canon Law | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| GRATTAN, HENRY | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1780 | Leader for Irish independence | History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| GRAU, ADMIRAL MIGUEL | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 |
Via War of Pacific - Peruvian navy |
History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| GRAVELOT, HUBERT | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1740 |
Via Gainsborough - French artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GRAVES, ROBERT JAMES | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1843 |
Via 1840s - Irish physician |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| GRAY, ASA | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 |
Via Darwin - American botanist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| GRAY, ELISHA | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1874 |
Via Bell - Am.inventor of telephone |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| GRAY, ROBERT | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1792 |
Via Vancouver - American explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| GRAY, THOMAS | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1750 |
English poet - Country Churchyard |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GREAT EXHIBITION, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1851 | International display of industry | History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| GREAT FIRE OF LONDON | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1666 | Over four days - much destruction | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| GREAT MUGHAL DIAMOND, THE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1739 |
Via Nadir Shah of Iran |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GREAT NORTHERN WAR, THE | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1700 | Sweden (Charles XII) v neighbours | History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| GREAT PLAGUE OF LONDON | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1665 | At its height - some 70,000 die | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| GREAT POTATO FAMINE, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1845 | Ireland - close on a million die | History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| GREAT SCHISM, THE | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1378 | Two and three Popes until 1417 | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| GREAT TREK, THE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1836 | Boers trek to Natal & high veld | History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| GREAT WALL OF CHINA | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1449 |
Via Cheng-t'ung - Ming Emperor |
History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| GREAT ZIMBABWE EMPIRE | HENRY IV (H4) 1399-1413 |
1400 | Reaches height of its power | History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| GRECO-TURKISH WAR, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1897 | Following rebellion on Crete | History (HY) | GREECE (GRE) | MENU |
| GREECE - INDEPENDENCE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1821 | The War of Greek Independence | History (HY) | GREECE (GRE) | MENU |
| GREEK REVIVAL, THE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1762 |
Via Robert Adam - designer |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| GREEN, CHARLES | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1836 |
Via Blanchard-record balloon journey |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| GREENE, GENERAL NATHANAEL | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1781 |
Via Yorktown - American commander |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| GREENE, MAURICE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1727 |
Via Handel - English composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| GREGORIAN CALENDAR IN GB | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1752 | "Give us back our 11 days!" | History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| GREGORIAN CALENDAR, THE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1582 | RC countries "lose" ten days | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| GREGORY IX, POPE | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1231 |
Via Inquisition - instigator |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| GREGORY VII, POPE | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1075 | Henry IV re. Investiture Controversy | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| GREGORY XI, POPE | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1377 |
Via Babylonian Captivity-back to Rome |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| GREGORY XIII, POPE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1582 |
Via Gregorian Calendar - decree |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| GRENVILLE, SIR RICHARD | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1591 |
Via Tennyson - English sea captain |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| GREUZE, JEAN BAPTISTE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1766 |
Via Fragonard - French artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GREW, NEHEMIAH | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1682 |
English botanist - Anatomy of Plants |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| GRIEG, EDVARD | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1876 | Norwegian composer - Peer Gynt | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| GRIMM, JACOB and WILHELM | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 | German writers - famous fairy tales | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GRIMMELSHAUSEN, JACOB CHRISTOPH | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1669 |
Via Westphalia - German writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GROOTE, GERHARD | HENRY V (H5) 1413-1422 |
1371 |
Via Thoma à Kempis - Dutch priest |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| GROS, ANTOINE JEAN | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1797 |
Via Campo Formio - French painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GROSHOLTZ, MARIE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1793 |
Via Reign of Terror - Madame Tussaud |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GROSSMITH, GEORGE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via Gilbert and Sullivan - writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GROTEFEND, GEORG FRIEDRICH | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1802 |
Via Champollion - cuneiform script |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| GROTIUS, HUGO | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1609 | Dutch jurist/theologian-international law | Law (LW) | XNA | MENU |
| GROUCHY, EMMANUEL DE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 |
Via Waterloo - French marshal |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| GRUB STREET | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1766 |
Via Smollett - regarding hack writers |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GRUBER, FRANZ XAVER | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1818 |
Via Rossini-Aust.organist- Silent Night |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| GRUNEWALD, MATTHIAS | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1520 |
Via Durer - German painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GRUNWALD, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY IV (H4) 1399-1413 |
1410 | Defeat of German Teutonic Knights | History (HY) | POLAND (POL) | MENU |
| GUADALOUPE HIDALGO, TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 |
Via Mexican War - settlement |
History (HY) | MEXICO (MEX) | MENU |
| GUARDI, FRANCESCO | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1750 |
Via Canaletto - Venetian artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| GUARNERI, GIUSEPPE ANTONIO | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1710 |
Via Stradivarius - violin maker |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| GUERICKE, OTTO VON | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1654 | German physicist -pump/air pressure | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| GUETTARD, JEAN-ETIENNE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1780 |
Via Lavoisier - French geologist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| GUILLAUME DE LORRIS | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1225 |
French Poet - Romance of the Rose |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GUILLLAUME DE MACHAUT | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1340 |
Via Chaucer - French poet/musician |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GUILLOTIN, JOSEPH IGNACE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1792 |
Via Execution of Louis XVI |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| GUILLOTINE, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1793 |
Via Execution of Louis XVI |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| GUIRAUD, ERNEST | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1881 |
Via Offenbach - French composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| GUISCARD, ROBERT | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1072 | Norman adventurer- Kingdom of Sicily | History (HY) | SICILY (SIC) | MENU |
| GUJIN TUSHU JICHENG | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1726 |
Via Snippets - Chinese encylopedia |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| GUJRAT, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1849 |
Via Second Sikh War - Brit.victory |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| GULISTAN, THE TREATY OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 | Russian gains in the Caucasus | History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| GUNFIGHT AT THE O.K. CORRAL | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1881 |
Via Am Wild West - famous shootout |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| GUNPOWDER PLOT, THE | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1605 | Catholic attack on parliament is foiled | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| GURKHAS OF NEPAL, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1814 |
Via 2nd/3rd Anglo-Maratha Wars |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| GURNEY, GOLDSWORTHY | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1829 |
Via Trevithick - Cornish inventor |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| GUSTAV VASA I | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1524 | Swedish King - gains independence | History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1630 | Swedish King - Thirty Years War | History (HY) | THIRTY YEARS WAR (TYW) 1618-1648 |
MENU |
| GUTENBERG BIBLE, THE | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1448 |
Via Gutenberg - and printing partner |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| GUTENBERG, JOHANNES | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1448 | German printer - The Gutenberg Bible | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| GUY FAWKES | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1605 |
Via Gunpowder Plot - RC conspirator |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| GUYS, CONSTANTIN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1854 |
Via Crimean War - French artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| H | ||||||
| HABSBURGS, THE | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1477 | Habsburgs take over the Netherlands | History (HY) | NETHERLANDS (NET) | MENU |
| HADLEY, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1730 |
Via Harrison - English inventor |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| HAECKEL, ERNST | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1866 |
Via Darwin - German zoologist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| HAFIR, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 |
Via Second Anglo-Sudan War |
History (HY) | SUDAN (SUD) | MENU |
| HAGGARD, RIDER | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 |
Via Stevenson - English novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HAHNEMANN, SAMUEL | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1810 | German physician- homoeopathy | Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| HAKATA BAY, THE BATTLES OF | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1274 | Kublai Khan invades Japan - and 1281 | History (HY) | MONGOLS (MON) | MENU |
| HAKLUYT, RICHARD | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1589 |
Via Raleigh - English geographer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| HAKODATE, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1869 |
Via Boshin War- final imperial victory |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| HALE, SIR MATTHEW | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1713 |
Via Blackstone - English jurist |
Law (LW) | XNA | MENU |
| HALE, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1844 |
Via Congreve Rockets - Eng.engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| HALES, STEPHEN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1727 |
Via Linnaeus - Eng.biologist/chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| HALICARNASSUS, THE CITY OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1856 |
Via Charles Newton - Persian city |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| HALIDON HILL, BATTLE OF | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1333 | English victory in Scotland | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| HALL, CHARLES MARTIN | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1886 |
Via Marconi - American engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| HALL, JAMES | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1790 |
Via Hutton - Scottish geologist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| HALLAM, ARTHUR | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1830 |
Via Tennyson - close friend |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HALLER, ALBRECHT VON | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1747 | Swiss physician- founder of neurology | Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| HALLEY, EDMUND | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1705 | English astronmer - study of comets | Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| HALS, DIRCK | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1623 |
Via Monteverdi - Dutch artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| HALS, FRANS | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1624 |
Dutch painter - The Laughing Cavalier |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| HAMBLEDON CRICKET CLUB, THE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1750 |
Via Snippets - home of cricket |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| HAMIDIAN MASSACRES, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 | Carried out by Turks and Kurds | History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| HAMILTON, ALEXANDER | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1789 |
Via Washington - Federalist |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| HAMILTON, LADY | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1798 |
Via Nile Battle - Nelson's mistress |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1784 |
Via Lady Hamilton - lover and husband |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| HAMILTON, WILLIAM | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1745 |
Via Snippets - longest maiden speech |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| HAMPTON COURT PALACE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1515 |
Via Wolsey - built by him near London |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| HANCOCK, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1776 |
Via Declaration of Independence |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| HANDEL, GEORGE FREDERICK | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1742 |
German composer - The Messiah |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| HANOVARIANS, THE | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1714 | To Queen Victoria 1901 | History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| HANSARD, THOMAS CURSON | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1810 |
Via Cobbett - parliamentary reports |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HANSEATIC LEAGUE, THE | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1368 | Confederation of trading states (Baltic) | History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| HANSEN, ARMAUER | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1873 |
Via Lister - Norwegian physician |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| HANSOM, JOSEPH | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1834 |
Via Snippets - makes the hansom cab |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| HARDIE, KEIR | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1893 |
Via Snippets - Labour movement |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| HARDOUIN-MANSART, JULES | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1678 |
Via Versailles - French architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| HARDRADA, HARALD | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1066 |
Via Hastings - Norwegian king |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| HARDY, THOMAS | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1874 | English/Dorset novelist and poet | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HARGREAVES, JAMES | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1764 | English inventor - spinning jenny | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| HARINGTON, SIR JOHN | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1596 |
Via Snippets - first water closet |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| HAROLD II, KING OF ENGLAND | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1066 | Defeated by William the Conqueror | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| HARRIOT, THOMAS | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1631 |
Via Snippets - mathematical symbols |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| HARRIS, JOEL CHANDLER | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 |
Via Twain - Am. writer - Uncle Remus |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HARRISON, GEORGE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1886 |
Via Witwatersrand - gold prospector |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| HARRISON, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1762 | English clockmaker - chronometer | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| HARROWING OF THE NORTH | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1069 | Norman attack on Northumbria | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| HARTLEY, DAVID | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1749 |
Via Locke - English psychologist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| HARTOG, DIRK | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1616 |
Via Torres - lands in Australia |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| HARVARD, JOHN | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1639 |
Via Harvard - English benefactor |
Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| HARVARD, UNIVERSITY OF | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1636 | From college to university - USA | Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| HARVEY, WILLIAM | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1628 | English physician - blood circulation. | Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| HASTINGS, THE BATTLE OF | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1066 | Overthrow of Harold II of England | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| HASTINGS, WARREN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1772 | East India Company and government | History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| HATTIN, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1187 |
Via Saladin - defeats Christian army |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| HAUSSMANN, GEORGES-EUGENE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1853 |
Via Snippets - reconstruction of Paris |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| HAWKE, ADMIRAL EDWARD | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1759 |
Via Seven Yrs War - Quiberon Bay |
History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| HAWKINS, JOHN | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1562 | English adventurer- slave trade | History (HY) | AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE (SLT) from c1502 |
MENU |
| HAWKINS, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1776 |
Via Burney - History of Music |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| HAWKINS, RICHARD | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1585 |
Via Hawkins - son, served with Drake |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| HAWKSMOOR, NICHOLAS | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1711 |
Via Vanbrugh - English architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| HAWTHORNE, NATHANIEL | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1850 |
American novelist - The Scarlet Letter |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HAYDN, FRANZ JOSEPH | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1791 | Austrian composer - symphonies | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| HAZLITT, WILLIAM | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1825 |
Via Lamb - English essayist/critic |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HEAVISIDE, OLIVER | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1899 |
Via Marconi - English engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| HEBERT, JACQUES-RENE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1794 |
Via Robespierre - leading radical |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| HEDLEY, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 |
Via Trevithick - English mine engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| HEGEL, GEORG | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1807 | German philosopher - world spirit | Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| HEINE, HEINRICH | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1826 |
Via Schubert - German poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HELIGOLAND, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1864 |
Via Second Schleswig War - at sea |
History (HY) | DENMARK (DEN) | MENU |
| HELMHOLTZ, HERMANN VON | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1851 |
Via 1850s - Ger. physician/physicist |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| HELMONT, JAN BAPTISTA VAN | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1648 |
Via Torricelli- Belgian scientist- gases |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| HEMANS, FELICIA | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1826 |
Via Battle of Nile - English poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HENLEIN, PETER | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1500 |
Via Snippets - German timepieces |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| HENLEY, WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1875 |
Via Stevenson- English poet - Invictus |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HENRY I OF ENGLAND | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1100 | To 1135 - no male heir | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| HENRY II OF ENGLAND | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1154 | To 1189 - killing of Thomas Becket | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| HENRY III OF ENGLAND | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1216 | To 1272 - period of civil war | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| HENRY IV OF ENGLAND | HENRY IV (H4) 1399-1413 |
1399 | To 1413 - Civil war led by Percys | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| HENRY IV OF FRANCE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1589 |
Via Fr.Wars of Religion - to 1610 |
History (HY) | FRENCH RELIGIOUS WARS (FWR) 1562-1598 |
MENU |
| HENRY IV, HOLY ROMAN EMP | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1075 | Pope re. Investiture Controversy | History (HY) | HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (HRE) | MENU |
| HENRY OF NAVARRE (HENRY IV) | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1572 |
Via Fr.Wars of Religion - Protestant |
History (HY) | FRENCH RELIGIOUS WARS (FWR) 1562-1598 |
MENU |
| HENRY THE MINSTREL | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1488 |
Via Battle of Falkirk - Wallace legend |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HENRY THE NAVIGATOR | HENRY V (H5) 1413-1422 |
1419 | Prince of Portugal - exploration | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| HENRY V OF ENGLAND | HENRY V (H5) 1413-1422 |
1413 | To 1422 - The Battle of Agincourt | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| HENRY V, HOLY ROMAN EMP | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1111 | Continuation of investiture controversy | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| HENRY VI OF ENGLAND | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1422 | To 1461 - War of the Roses | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| HENRY VII CHAPEL, THE | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1503 |
Via Westminster Abbey, London |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| HENRY VII, OF ENGLAND | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1485 | To 1509 - Pretenders - Ireland | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| HENRY VIII OF ENGLAND | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1509 | To 1547-Six wives and the Reformation | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| HENRY, JOSEPH | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1830 |
Via Faraday - American physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| HENSLOW, JOHN STEVENS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1829 |
Via Darwin - English botanist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| HEPPLEWHITE, GEORGE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1788 |
Via Sheraton- English cabinet maker |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| HERBART, JOHANN FRIEDRICH | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1802 |
Via Pestalozzi - German educator |
Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| HERBERT, SIDNEY | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1854 |
Via Nightingale - English statesman |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| HERCULANEUM, ROMAN TOWN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1748 | Buried 79 AD. Excavation begins | Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| HERDER, JOHANN, GOTTFRIED | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1773 |
Via Goethe - German poet/critic |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HEREWARD THE WAKE | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1070 | A revolt against the Norman conquest | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| HERMES BY PRAXITELES | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1877 |
Via Schliemann - found at Olympia |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| HEROULT, PAUL | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1886 |
Via Marconi - French chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| HERRERA, FERNANDO de | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1572 |
Via Lepanto - Spanish poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HERRERA, JUAN de | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1567 |
Via Escorial - Spanish architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| HERRICK, ROBERT | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1648 |
English Cavalier Poet - Hesperides |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HERSCHEL, CAROLINE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1798 |
Via Herschel - English astronomer |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| HERSCHEL, JOHN | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1833 |
Via Babbage - English astronomer |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| HERSCHEL, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1781 | English astronomer- discovers Uranus | Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| HERTZ, HEINRICH RUDOLF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1887 | German physicist - radio waves | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| HERZL, THEODOR | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via Dreyfus Affair - Jewish journalist |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| HESS, MOSES | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1842 |
Via Marx - German radical journalist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HETTNER, HERMANN | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1852 |
Via Ibsen - Norwegian writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HETZEL, PIERRE JULES | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1864 |
Via Verne - French publisher |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HEVELIUS, JOHANNES | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1647 |
Polish astronomer - Selonographia |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| HEYWOOD, JOHN | MARY I (M1) 1553-1558 |
1556 |
Via Cranmer - English dramatist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HICKS, GENERAL WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1883 |
Via First Anglo-Sudan War-defeated |
History (HY) | SUDAN (SUD) | MENU |
| HIDEYOSHI, TOYOTOMI | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1582 |
Via Japanese civil war- military leader |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| HILL, ROWLAND | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1840 |
Via Trollope - postal reformer |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| HILLIARD, NICHOLAS | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1570 |
Via Spanish Armada - miniaturist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| HIROSHIGE, ANDO | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1833 | Japanese artist - colour block prints | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| HOBAN, JAMES | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1792 |
Via Gibbs - The White House |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| HOBBEMA, MEINDERT | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1689 | Dutch landscape artist - The Avenue | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| HOBBES, THOMAS | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1651 |
English philosopher - Leviathan |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| HOBHOUSE, EMILY | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 |
Via 2nd Boer War - campaigner |
History (HY) | ANGLO-BOER WAR (2ND) (SBW) 1899-1902 |
MENU |
| HOBSON, CAPTAIN WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1840 |
Via Treaty of Waitangi - negotiator |
History (HY) | NEW ZEALAND (NZ) | MENU |
| HOCHKIRCH, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1758 |
Via Seven Yrs War - Prussian defeat |
History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| HOCHSTADT, THE BATTLE OF | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1703 |
Via Spanish Succession - Fr. victory |
History (HY) | SPANISH SUCCESSION (WSS) 1701-1714 |
MENU |
| HODGES, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1772 |
Via Cook - English landscape artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| HOFER, ANDREAS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1809 |
Via Wagram - Tirolese patriot |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| HOFFMANN, ERNST THEODORE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1816 |
Via Grimm Brothers - German writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HOFMANNSTHAL, HUGO VON | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1911 |
Via Strauss - Austrian librettist |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| HOGARTH, WILLIAM | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1735 | English painter and engraver | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| HOGG, JAMES | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 |
Via Scott- Scottish poet- folk tradition |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HOHENLINDEN, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1800 |
Via Marengo - Fr.victory near Munich |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| HOKUSAI, KATSUSHIKA | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1833 | Japanese artist - colour block prints | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| HOLBEIN, HANS | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1523 | German portrait painter - court of H8 | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| HOLBERG, LUDWIG | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1722 |
Via Grieg- Dan/Norwegian playwright |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HOLDERLIN, FRIEDRICH | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1797 |
Via Schiller - German poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HOLINSHED, RAPHAEL | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1599 |
Via Shakespeare - Chronicles |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HOLLERITH, HERMAN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1890 |
Via Jacquard - American Statistician |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| HOLLIDAY, DOC | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1881 |
Via American West - gunfighter |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| HOLMES, OLIVER WENDELL | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1843 |
Via 1840s - Am.physician - fever |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| HOLTERMANN NUGGET, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1872 |
Via Californian Gold Rush - largest |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| HOLY ALLIANCE, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 | Brainchild of Tsar Alexander I | History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE - DIVIDED | MARY I (M1) 1553-1558 |
1556 | Between Philip II and Ferdinand I | History (HY) | HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (HRE) | MENU |
| HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE, THE | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1075 |
Via Gregory VII - German title |
History (HY) | HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (HRE) | MENU |
| HOMER, WINSLOW | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1862 |
Via Am.Civil War - American artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| HOMILDON HILL, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY IV (H4) 1399-1413 |
1403 |
Via Nothhumberland - Scottish defeat |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| HONDIUS, JODOCUS | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1606 |
Via Mercator - Dutch mapmaker |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| HONG KONG, THE ISLAND OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1842 |
Via Treaty of Nanking - British gain |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| HOOCH, PIETER DE | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1655 |
Via Vermeer - Dutch artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| HOOKE, ROBERT | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1678 |
Via Boyle - the law of elasticity |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| HOOKER, JOSEPH DALTON | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1831 |
Via Ross - English botanist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| HOOKER, RICHARD | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1593 |
Via Elizabeth I - English theologian |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| HOPE, ANTHONY | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via Stevenson - English novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HOPKINS, MATTHEW | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1644 |
Via Witchcraft - Finder General |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| HOPPNER, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1789 |
Via Prince Regent - portraitist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| HORROCKS, JEREMIAH | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1639 |
Via Hevelius - English astronomer |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| HORROCKS, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1791 |
Via Eli Whitney - Eng.cotton producer |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| HOTSPUR, SIR HENRY PERCY | HENRY IV (H4) 1399-1413 |
1403 |
Via Shrewsbury - killed in battle |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| HOUDON, JEAN-ANTOINE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1788 |
Via Washington - French sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| HOUSMAN, A.E. | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 |
Via 2nd Boer War - English poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HOUSTON, SAMUEL | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1836 |
Via Texan War of Independence |
History (HY) | TEXAS (TEX) | MENU |
| HOWARD, CATHERINE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1540 | Wives of H8 - 1540-1542 - executed | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| HOWARD, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1777 |
Via William Blackstone - prisons |
Law (LW) | XNA | MENU |
| HOWARD, LUKE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1803 |
Via Snippets - cloud formations |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| HOWE, ADMIRAL LORD | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1794 |
Via Robespierre - Brit.naval victory |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| HOWE, ELIAS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1846 |
Via Snippets - first sewing machine |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| HOWE, GENERAL WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1776 |
Via Boston - British commander |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| HOYLE, EDMOND | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1742 |
Via Snippets - the game of whist |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| HUAYNA CAPAC | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1527 |
Via Pachacuti Inca - later leader |
History (HY) | INCAS (INC) | MENU |
| HUDSON BAY COMPANY, THE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1670 | English company founded - fur trade | History (HY) | NORTH AMERICA (NAM) | MENU |
| HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1857 |
Via Barbizon School - Am.school |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| HUDSON, HENRY | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1610 | English explorer - NE Canada | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| HUE, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via French Indochina - extended |
History (HY) | SOUTH EAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| HUGHES, ARTHUR | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1866 |
Via Pre-Raphaelites - English artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| HUGHES, THOMAS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1857 |
Writer - Tom Brown's School Days |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HUGO, VICTOR | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1831 |
French writer - The Hunchback |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HULAGU - MONGOL RULER | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1258 | Extends Mongol rule deep into Asia | History (HY) | MONGOLS (MON) | MENU |
| HUMBOLDT, ALEXANDER VON | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1804 | German scientist and explorer | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| HUME, DAVID | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1740 | Scottish empirical philosopher | Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| HUMPERDINCK, ENGELBERT | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 |
Via Wagner - German composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| HUMPTY DUMPTY | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1648 |
Via Battle of Preston - cannon |
History (HY) | ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (ECW) 1642-1651 |
MENU |
| HUNDRED DAYS, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1814 | Napoleon's return from Elba | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| HUNDRED YEARS' WAR BEGINS | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1339 | Between France & England to 1453 | History (HY) | HUNDRED YEARS WAR (HYW) 1339-1453 |
MENU |
| HUNDRED YEARS' WAR ENDS | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1453 | Only Calais held by English | History (HY) | HUNDRED YEARS WAR (HYW) 1339-1453 |
MENU |
| HUNGARIAN INDEPENDENCE | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1703 | A rebellion led by Ferenc Rakoczi II | History (HY) | HUNGARY (HUN) | MENU |
| HUNT, HENRY "ORATOR" | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1819 |
Via Peterloo - radical reformer |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| HUNT, HOLMAN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 | English Pre-Raphaelite artist | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| HUNT, LEIGH | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1819 |
Via Keats - English poet/essayist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HUNT, RICHARD MORRIS | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1886 |
Via Statue of Liberty - Am.architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| HUNTER, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1770 |
Via Jenner - Scottish surgeon |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| HUSAYN I, SULTAN | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1722 | Fall of Safavid dynasty - Iran | History (HY) | IRAN (IRA) | MENU |
| HUSAYN IBN ALI | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1705 | Leader of Tunisia, North Africa | History (HY) | NORTH AFRICA (NAF) | MENU |
| HUSKISSON, WILLIAM | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1830 |
Via Stephenson - 1st railway casualty |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| HUSS, JAN | HENRY V (H5) 1413-1422 |
1415 | Bohemian church reformer | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| HUTTON, JAMES | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1785 | Scottish geologist- founder of geology | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| HUXLEY, THOMAS HENRY | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 |
Via Darwin - English biologist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| HUYGENS, CHRISTIAAN | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1657 | Dutch scientist - mathematician | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| HUYSMANS, JORIS-KARL | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1884 |
Via Zola - French decadant novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| HYDER ALI - MYSORE RULER | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1780 |
Via Anglo-Mysore Wars - the Second |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| I | ||||||
| IBN BATTUTA | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1353 | Moroccan geographer and traveller | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| IBN KHALDUN | HENRY IV (H4) 1399-1413 |
1402 |
Via Tamerlane - Tunisian historian |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| IBN RUSD or AVERROES | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1160 |
Via Maimonides - Moorish philosopher |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| IBSEN, HENRIK | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 |
Norwegian dramatist - A Doll's House |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| ICELAND | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1874 |
Via Snippets - gains self-government |
History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| IEYASU, TOKUGAWA | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1603 | Japanese Shogun - powerful ruler | History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| IMPERIAL SPANISH RIDING SCHOOL | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1592 |
Via Snippets - founded in Vienna |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| IMPRESSIONISM | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1872 | French art movement - Claude Monet | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| INCAS, THE | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1100 | Beginning of the Inca Empire | History (HY) | INCAS (INC) | MENU |
| INCE, SERGEANT MAJOR | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1782 |
Via Great Siege of Gibraltar - sapper |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| INDIA ACT, THE - 1784 | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1784 |
Via Mangalore Treaty- wider control |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| INDIA ACT, THE - 1858 | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1858 |
Via The Indian Mutiny - reforms |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| INDIAN MUTINY, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1857 | Widespread revolt against British | History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| INDIAN REMOVAL ACT, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1830 |
Via Trail of Tears - Georgia |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| INDIAN WARS, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1890 | End of a series of conflicts in NAM | History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, THE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1771 | Beginnings of movement in Britain | History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| INGENHOUSZ, JAN | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1768 |
Via Jenner - re. cure for smallpox |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| INGRES, JEAN | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1824 | French neo-classical artist | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| INIGO JONES | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1622 | English architect - classical design | Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| INKERMAN, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1854 | Battle in the Crimean War- November | History (HY) | CRIMEAN WAR (CRW) 1853-1856 |
MENU |
| INNOCENT III, POPE | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1209 |
Via Albigensian Crusade - instigator |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| INNOCENT IV, POPE | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1252 |
Via Inquisition - use of torture |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| INQUISITION, THE | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1231 | Established by Pope to combat heresy | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| INQUISITION, THE SPANISH | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1478 | Sanctioned by Pope Sixtus IV | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| INTERNATIONAL CONGO SOCIETY, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1879 |
Via Berlin Conference - Leopold II |
History (HY) | CONGO (CON) | MENU |
| INTERNATIONALE, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 |
Via Marx - Communist anthem |
History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| IRELAND | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1170 | The Anglo-Norman conquest begins | History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| IRISH HOME RULE BILL, 1st. | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1886 | Failed attempt by PM Gladstone | History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| IRISH HOME RULE BILL, 2nd. | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1893 |
Via First Irish Home Rule Bill |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| IRISH REPUBLICAN BROTHERHOOD | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1858 |
Via Fenian Uprising - movement |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| IRON CROSS, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 |
Via Jena-Prussian military decoration |
History (HY) | PRUSSIA (PRU) | MENU |
| IRVING, EDWARD | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1826 |
Via Carlyle - Scottish mystic |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| IRVING, WASHINGTON | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1819 |
Via Snippets - Rip Van Winkle |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| ISABELLA II, QUEEN OF SPAIN | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 | Abdicates leading to civil war | History (HY) | SPAIN (SPA) | MENU |
| ISABELLA OF CASTILE | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1469 | Marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon | History (HY) | SPAIN (SPA) | MENU |
| ISABELLA, QUEEN | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1326 |
Via Edward II - wife becomes ruler |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| ISANDLIWANA, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 | Anglo-Zulu War - British defeat | History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| ISFAHAN, THE CITY OF | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1623 |
Via Abbas I - capital city Iran |
History (HY) | IRAN (IRA) | MENU |
| ISLY, THE BATTLE OF | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1844 |
Via Algeria- Fr.defeat of Moroccans |
History (HY) | NORTH AFRICA (NAF) | MENU |
| ISMAIL I, SHAH | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1499 |
Via Safavid Dynasty - the founder |
History (HY) | IRAN (IRA) | MENU |
| ITALIAN WARS, THE | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1494 | France versus Habsburgs until 1559 | History (HY) | ITALIAN WARS (ITW) 1494-1559 |
MENU |
| ITALO-ETHIOPIAN WAR, FIRST | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via Adowa - victory for Ethiopians |
History (HY) | ETHIOPIA (ETH) | MENU |
| ITALY, THE UNIFICATION OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 | Following the capture of Rome | History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| ITZCOATL | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1432 | Leader of the Aztecs - expansion | History (HY) | AZTECS (AZT) | MENU |
| IVAN I, PRINCE OF ALL RUSSIA | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1328 |
Via Ivan the Great - ruled 1328-1340 |
History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| IVAN III, THE GREAT | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1480 | First Tsar of Russia 1462-1505 | History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| IVAN IV, THE TERRIBLE | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1547 | Brutal Tsar of Russia 1547-1584 | History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| IVORY COAST, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1893 |
Via Tunisia- becomes French colony |
History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| IWAKURA MISSION, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 |
Via Boshin War - Jap.fact finding mission |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| J | ||||||
| JACK THE RIPPER | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1888 |
Via Snippets - London murderer |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| JACKSON, GENERAL "STONEWALL" | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1861 |
Via American Civil War - commander |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| JACKSON, GENERAL ANDREW | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 |
Via War of 1812 - American leader |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| JACOBS, JOSEPH | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1890 |
Via Kipling - Australian writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| JACOBS, W.W. | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 |
Via Jerome-Eng.writer-Monkey's Paw |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| JACQUARD, JOSEPH | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1804 | French inventor - automated loom | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| JACQUERIE UPRISING, THE | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1358 | Peasant revolt in France | History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| JAHAN, SHAH | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1632 | Mughal emperor to 58 - Taj Mahal | History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| JAMES I, KING OF ENGLAND | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1603 | SCOTLAND and IRELAND - to 1625 | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| JAMES II, KING OF ENGLAND | JAMES II (J2) 1685-1688 |
1685 | SCOTLAND and IRELAND - to 1688 | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| JAMES, HENRY | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1881 | American-born English novelist | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| JAMES, JESSE and FRANK | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1866 |
Via Ned Kelly - American outlaws |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| JAMES, THOMAS | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1631 |
Via Coleridge - Eng.navigator/writer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| JAMES, WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1890 |
Via James - American philosopher |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| JAMESON RAID, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 | Failure of attack on the Transvaal | History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| JAMESON, LEANDER STARR | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1893 |
Via Jameson Raid- Scottish statesman |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| JAMESTOWN, VIRGINIA | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1607 | First successful English colony | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| JANISSARY CORPS, THE | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1389 |
Via Kosovo - elite fighting force |
History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| JANSEN, CORNELIUS | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1640 |
Via Jansenism - theologian - founder |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| JANSENISM | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1640 | Religious movement-predetermination | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| JANSZ, WILLEM | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1606 |
Via Quiros & Torres - Dutch explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| JAPAN - CIVIL WAR | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1156 | Between rival families until 1185 | History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| JARDIN DES PLANTES, PARIS, THE | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1626 |
Via Snippets - opened to public 1650 |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| JASSY, THE TREATY OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1792 | Ends another Russo-Turkish War | History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| JAYAVARMAN VII | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1181 | Able King of the Khmer Empire | History (HY) | SOUTHEAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| JEAN DE MEUN | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1285 |
Via Guillaume de Lorris - French poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| JEAN LE BEL | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1339 |
Via Froissart - Flemish writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| JEFFERSON, THOMAS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1803 |
Via Louisiana - American President |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| JEFFREYS, JUDGE | JAMES II (J2) 1685-1688 |
1685 |
Via Monmouth Rebellion - Assizes |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| JEFFRIES, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1785 |
Via Blanchard - crosses channel |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| JELLINEK, EMIL | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 |
Via Daimler - name of Mercedes |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| JEMAPPES, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1792 |
Via Valmy - French defeat Austrians |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| JENA, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1806 | Napoleon defeats Prussians/Saxons | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| JENKIN'S EAR, THE WAR OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1739 | Trading dispute - GB v Spain | History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| JENKINS, CHARLES FRANCES | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via Edison - American inventor |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| JENNER, EDWARD | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1796 | English physician - vaccination | Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| JENNEY, WILLIAM LE BARON | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1855 |
Via Bessemer - American engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| JEROME, JEROME K. | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1889 |
English writer - Three Men in a Boat |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| JERUSALEM RECAPTURED | WILLIAM II (W2) 1087-1100 |
1099 | First Crusade recaptures Holy City | Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| JERVIS, ADMIRAL SIR JOHN | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1797 |
Via Battle of St.Vincent - commander |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| JESUITS, THE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1534 | RC religious order founded by Loyola | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| JEVONS, WILLIAM STANLEY | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1862 |
Via Marshall - English economist |
Economics (EC) | XNA | MENU |
| JIANG TINGXI | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1726 |
Via Snippets - Chinese scholar |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| JIGSAW PUZZLES, THE FIRST | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1766 |
Via Snippets - John Spilsbury |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| JOACHIM, JOSEPH | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1869 |
Via Brahms - A-H composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| JOAN OF ARC | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1429 | Raises the siege of Orleans | History (HY) | HUNDRED YEARS WAR (HYW) 1339-1453 |
MENU |
| JOCKEY CLUB OF GREAT BRITAIN, THE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1750 |
Via Snippets - founded at Newmarket |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| JOHN BULL | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1712 |
Via Arbuthnot - typical Englishman |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| JOHN I OF PORTUGAL | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1386 |
Via Treaty of Windsor - peace pact |
History (HY) | PORTUGAL (POR) | MENU |
| JOHN II COMNENUS | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1118 | Byzantine Emperor 1118-1143 | History (HY) | BYZANTIUM (EMPIRE) (BYZ) | MENU |
| JOHN II OF PORTUGAL | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1482 |
Via Diego CAo - exploration W.Africa |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| JOHN II, KING OF FRANCE | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1360 |
Via Treaty of Bretigny - negotiator |
History (HY) | HUNDRED YEARS WAR (HYW) 1339-1453 |
MENU |
| JOHN OF GAUNT | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1374 | King's uncle and part-time ruler | History (HY) | HUNDRED YEARS WAR (HYW) 1339-1453 |
MENU |
| JOHN XXII, POPE | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1318 | Missionary work - near and far east | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| JOHN, KING OF ENGLAND | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1199 | To 1216 - The Magna Carta | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| JOHNSON, CHARLES | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1712 |
Via Kidd - English playwright |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| JOHNSON, JOSEPH | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1792 |
Via Wollstonecraft - London publisher |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| JOHNSON, SAMUEL | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1755 |
English man of letters - Dictionary |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| JOINVILLE, JEAN de | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1309 |
Via Louis IX - French chronicler |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| JOLY, JOHN | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1894 |
Via Maxwell - Irish physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| JONES, INIGO | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1622 | English architect - classical design | Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| JONES, JOHN PAUL | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1776 |
Via War at Sea - Am.Independence |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| JONES, WILLIAM | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1706 |
Via Snippets - symbol for pi r squared |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| JONSON, BEN | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1614 | English comic dramatist and poet | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| JOPLIN, SCOTT | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1899 |
Via G&S - Am. ragtime composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| JORDAENS, JACOB | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1632 |
Via Van Dyck - Flemish artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| JOSEPH II, OF AUSTRIA | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1765 |
Via Maria Theresa - son of |
History (HY) | AUSTRIA (AUT) | MENU |
| JOSEPH, FATHER PIERRE | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1628 |
Via Richelieu - his Eminence grise |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| JOSEPHINE, EMPRESS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1804 |
Via Napoleon - crowned empress |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| JOSQUIN DES PREZ | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1486 | Flemish musician and composer | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| JOULE, JAMES PRESCOTT | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1840 |
Via Clausius - English physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| JUAN DE LA COSA | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1500 |
Via Vespucci - Spanish cartographer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| JUAREZ, BENITO | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1862 |
Via Napoleon III - Mexican patriot |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| JULIUS II, POPE | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1505 |
Via Bramante - building of St.Peter's |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| JULY REVOLUTION 1830, THE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1830 | Overthrow of Charles X, Paris | History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| JUNIUS, THE LETTERS OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1769 |
Via Gibbon - attacks upon George III |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| JUSSIEU, ANTOINE LAURENT DE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1789 |
Via Cuvier - French botanist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| K | ||||||
| K'ANG-HSI, EMPEROR OF CHINA | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1673 | Manchu dynasty - reigns 1661-1722 | History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| KABUKI THEATRE, THE | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1603 |
Via Ieyasu Tokugawa - Jap.drama |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| KAFFIR WARS, END OF THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 | British bring end to Kaffir Wars | History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| KAFFIR WARS, FIRST OF THE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1779 | Boers v Bantu tribes - South Africa | History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| KAHLENBERG, THE BATTLE OF | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1683 | Defeat of Ottomans at Vienna | History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| KALMAR, THE UNION OF | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1397 | Unity of Denmark, Norway & Sweden | History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| KALOKAIRINOS, MINOS | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1878 |
Via Evans - discoveries at Knossos |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| KAMAL AL-DIN BEHZAD | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1499 |
Via Safavid Dynasty - Persian artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| KAMBULA, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 |
Via Anglo-Zulu War - British victory |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| KAMP, ADAM VON | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1830 |
Via Maupassant-Ger.writer - Adelheide |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| KANAGAWA, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1854 | Agreement between US and Japan | History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| KANDAHAR, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1880 |
Via Second Anglo-Afghan War |
History (HY) | AFGHANISTAN (AFG) | MENU |
| KANSAS, WAR FOR BLEEDING | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1854 |
Via American Civil War - prelude |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| KANT, IMMANUEL | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1788 |
German philosopher - Critiques |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| KAPPEL, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1531 |
Via Zwingli - victory of Swiss catholics |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| KARA MUSTAFA PASHA | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1683 |
Via Kahlenberg - Ottoman Turk |
History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| KARAGEORGE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1804 | Serbian guerrilla fighter leads revolt | History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| KARAMANLI, AHMAD | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1711 |
Via Husayn Ibn Ali - Leader of Libya |
History (HY) | NORTH AFRICA (NAF) | MENU |
| KARIM, ABDUL | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1877 |
Via Empress of India - Indian servant |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| KARLOWITZ, THE TREATY OF | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1699 |
Via Zenta - Ottomans lose ground |
History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| KARNAL, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1739 |
Via Nadir Shah - defeats Mughals |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| KAUFFMANN, ANGELICA | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1766 |
Via Joshua Reynolds - Swiss artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| KAUNITZ, WENZEL ANTON VON | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1756 |
Via Maria Theresa - political advisor |
History (HY) | AUSTRIA (AUT) | MENU |
| KAUTSKY, KARL | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1883 |
Via Das Kapital - German socialist |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| KAY, JOHN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1733 | English textile inventor - flying shuttle | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| KAY, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1759 |
Via Seven Yrs War - Prussian defeat |
History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| KEATS, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1819 |
Eng.romantic poet - Ode To a Nightingale |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| KEBLE, JOHN | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1833 |
Via Oxford Movement - leader |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| KELLER, HELEN | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1886 |
Via Bell - blind, deaf and dumb |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| KELLY, THOMAS | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1867 |
Via Fenian Uprising - Irish nationalist |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| KELLY, WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1851 |
Via Bessemer - American Ironmaster |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| KELVIN, LORD (THOMSON) | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1882 | Irish physicist - Atlantic cable | Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| KENSETT, THOMAS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1825 |
Via Appert - introduces canned food |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| KENT, WILLIAM | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1751 |
Via Capability Brown - garden design |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| KEPLER, JOHANNES | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1619 | German astronomer - three laws | Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| KETCH, JACK (JOHN) | JAMES II (J2) 1685-1688 |
1685 |
Via Monmouth - public executioner |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| KETT REBELLION, THE | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1549 | Rising in Norfolk against enclosures | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| KEY, FRANCIS SCOTT | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1814 |
Via War of 1812 - American poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| KHANATES, THE MONGOL | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1227 | Division of Mongel Empire - 4 parts | History (HY) | MONGOLS (MON) | MENU |
| KHANUA, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1527 |
Via Babur - subdues northern India |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| KHARTOUM, THE SIEGE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via Anglo-Sudan War - ten months |
History (HY) | SUDAN (SUD) | MENU |
| KHMER EMPIRE | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1113 | The buildng of Ankor Wat | History (HY) | SOUTHEAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| KHOTYN, THE BATTLE OF | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1673 | Polish force defeats Ottoman Turks | History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| KIDD, WILLIAM | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1701 | Scottish pirate - hanged this year | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| KIEL CANAL, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1887 |
Via Suez and Panama Canals |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| KIEL,THE TREATY OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1814 | Norway is ceded to Sweden | History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| KIERKEGAARD, SOREN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1843 | Danish philosopher & theologian | Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| KILLIECRANKIE, THE BATTLE OF | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1692 |
Via Glencoe Massacre - Scot.victory |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| KILMAINHAM TREATY, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1882 |
Via Phoenix Park Murders - truce |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| KIMBERLEY, THE RELIEF OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 |
Via 2nd Anglo-Boer War - March |
History (HY) | ANGLO-BOER WAR (2ND) (SBW) 1899-1902 |
MENU |
| KING GEORGE'S WAR, THE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1744 | British v French in North America | History (HY) | AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION (WAS) 1740-1748 |
MENU |
| KING WILLIAM'S WAR | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1689 |
Via Grand Alliance - in North America |
History (HY) | GRAND ALLIANCE (WGA) 1688-1697 |
MENU |
| KINGLAKE, ALEXANDER WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1863 |
Via Treaty of Paris - English historian |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| KING'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1441 |
Via Henry VI - founded this year |
Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| KINGSLEY, CHARLES | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 | English novelist - Chartism | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| KINGSLEY, HENRY | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1862 |
Via Lewis Carroll - English writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| KINGSLEY, MARY | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1897 |
Via Kingsley - writer on W.Africa |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| KINSKY, BERTHA | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1889 |
Via Nobel Prizes - peace movement |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| KIPLING, RUDYARD | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Brit. author and poet - Jungle Books |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| KIRINA, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1235 |
Via Mali Empire - foundation |
History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| KIRK, JOHN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1858 |
Via Livingstone - Scottish naturalist |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| KITASATO, SHIBASABURO | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1890 |
Via Behring - Japanese bacteriologist |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| KITCHENER, GENERAL HERBERT | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 |
Via Omdurman - Brit commander |
History (HY) | SUDAN (SUD) | MENU |
| KIT-KAT CLUB, THE | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1702 |
Via Kneller - portrait size/literary club |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| KIYONAGA, TORII | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1794 |
Via Utamaro - Japanese painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| KLAPROTH, MARTIN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1818 |
Via Berzelius - German chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| KLEBS, EDWIN | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via Pasteur - German pathologist |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| KLEIST, HEINRICH VON | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1808 |
Via Grimm Brothers-German dramatist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| KLINGER, FRIEDRICH | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1776 |
Via Sturm und Drang - German writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| KLONDIKE GOLD RUSH, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 |
Via Witwatersrand - in the Yukon |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| KLOPSTOCK, FRIEDRICH GOTTLIEB | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1766 |
Via Goethe - German poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| KNELLER, GODFREY | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1697 | German portrait artist - English court | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| KNIGHTS HOSPITALLER, THE | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1113 |
Via Order of Knights - the oldest order |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| KNIGHTS TEMPLAR, THE | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1119 |
Via Order of Knights - abolished 1312 |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| KNIGHTS TEUTONIC, THE | RICHARD I (R1) 1189-1199 |
1190 |
Via Third Crusade - German nobles |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| KNIGHTS, THE ORDERS OF | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1113 | Defending the Kingdom of Jerusalem | Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| KNOX, JOHN | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1560 | Scottish Presbyterian reformer | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| KOCH, ROBERT | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1881 |
Via Pasteur - German physician |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| KOCHEL, LUDWIG VON | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1862 |
Via Mozart - Köchel number |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| KOECHLIN, MAURICE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1886 |
Via Statue of Liberty- French engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| KOETSU, HON'AMI | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1603 |
Via Rimpa School - Japanese artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| KOFI KARIKARI | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1874 |
Via Third Anglo-Ashanti War - king |
History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| KOH-I-NOOR DIAMOND, THE | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1656 |
Via Jahan-comes into his possession? |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| KOKOSCHKA, OSCAR | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1934 |
Via Comenius - Austrian painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| KOLIN, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1757 |
Via Seven Yrs War- Prussian defeat |
History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| KOLLER, GASPARD | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1520 |
Via Snippets - Viennese gunsmith |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| KOMENSKY, JAN (COMENIUS) | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1657 | Moravian educator - Didactic Works | Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| KOREA, THE PENINSULA OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via First Sino-Japanese War |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| KORIN, OGATA | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1690 |
Via Tokugawa Ieyasu - Jap.artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| KOSOVO, THE BATTLE OF | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1389 | Ottoman victory secures the Balkans | History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| KOTZEBUE, OTTO VON | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 |
Via Appert - German explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| KREBS, ARTHUR | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1888 |
Via Fulton - modern submarine |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| KREISLER, FRITZ | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1899 |
Via Elgar - Austrian violin virtuoso |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| KREMLIN, THE, MOSCOW | RICHARD III (R3) 1483-1485 |
1485 | Ivan III rebuilds the Kremlin | Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| KRUGER, PAUL | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1883 |
Via Rhodes - Transvaal leader |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| KRUPP WORKS, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 |
Via Bismarck - armaments factory |
History (HY) | PRUSSIA (PRU) | MENU |
| KRUPP, ALFRED | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1856 |
Via Bessemer - German armaments |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| KUBLAI KHAN | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1260 | Becomes Great Khan - invades China | History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| KU-KLUX-KLAN, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1866 |
Via Reconstruction - racist organisation |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| KULIKOVO, BATTLE OF | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1380 | Russians defeat the Mongols | History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| KUNDT, AUGUST | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1869 |
Via Roentgen - German physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| KUNDULUN, KHAN (NURHACHI) | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1616 |
Via Manchu Dynasty - founder |
History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| KUNERSDORF, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1759 |
Via Seven Yrs War - Prussian defeat |
History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| KUPARENTO, JODAKI | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1808 |
Via Garnerin - parachute jump |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| KUR RIVER, THE BATTLE OF | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1395 |
Via Tamerlane - The Golden Horde |
History (HY) | MONGOLS (MON) | MENU |
| KUTCHUK-KAINARDJI, TREATY OF | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1774 |
Via Catherine II-access to Black Sea |
History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| KYD, THOMAS | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1588 |
Via Marlowe - English dramatist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| KYOTO, COURT OF, JAPAN | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1336 | Civil War - with rival court Yoshino | History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| L | ||||||
| LA BRUYERE, JEAN DE | JAMES II (J2) 1685-1688 |
1688 |
Via Edict of Nantes - French writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LA FAYETTE, MADAME DE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1678 |
Via Louis XIV - novelist & letter writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LA FONTAINE, JEAN DE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1667 |
Via Racine - French fabulist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LA FRANCE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via Snippets - first practical airship |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| LA GAZETTE, PARIS | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1631 |
Via Snippets- first French newspaper |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| LA HOGUE, THE BATTLE OF | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1692 |
Via Grand Alliance - French defeated |
History (HY) | GRAND ALLIANCE (WGA) 1688-1697 |
MENU |
| LA MARSEILLAISE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1792 |
Via Valmy - French marching song |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| LA PEROUSE, JEAN | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1788 |
Via Botany Bay - French explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| LA POUPLINIERE, LE RICHE DE | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1727 |
Via Rameau - wealthy patron |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| LA SALLE, RENE-ROBERT DE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1680 | French explorer- navigates Mississippi | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| LA SCALA OPERA HOUSE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1778 |
Via Snippets - opens in Milan |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| LA TOUR, GEORGES DE | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1640 |
Via Poussin - Fr. artist - candle light |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| LA TOUR, MAURICE-QUENTIN DE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1762 |
Via Rousseau - French pastelist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| LABOULAYE, EDOUARD DE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1865 |
Via Statue of Liberty- French historian |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| LACAILLE, NICOLAS | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1750 | French astronomer - S.hemisphere | Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| LACEPEDE, THE COMTE DE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1788 |
Via Buffon - French naturalist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| LADY JANE GREY | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1553 | Queen for nine days on death of E6 | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| LADYSMITH, THE RELIEF OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 |
Via 2nd Anglo-Boer War - March |
History (HY) | ANGLO-BOER WAR (2ND) (SBW) 1899-1902 |
MENU |
| LAENNEC, RENE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1817 |
Via Snippets - invents stethoscope |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| LAFAYETTE, GENERAL | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1789 |
Via French Revolution- military leader |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| LAGRANGE, JOSEPH LOUIS | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1788 | Italian mathematician - mechanics | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| LAHORE, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1846 |
Via First Sikh War - settlement |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| LAING, ALEXANDER GORDON | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1825 |
Via West Africa - Scottish explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| LAKE CHAMPLAIN, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1814 |
Via War of 1812 - Am.naval victory |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| LAKE ERIE, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 |
Via War of 1812 - Am.naval victory |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| LALANDE, JEROME | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1801 |
Via Bode - French astronomer |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| LALLEMENT, PIERRE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1861 |
Via Snippets - first practical bicycle |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| LAMARCK, JEAN BAPTISTE de | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1809 | French naturalist - theory of evolution | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| LAMARTINE, ALPHONSE DE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 |
Via Napoleon III - Fr.poet/politician |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LAMB, CHARLES | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1820 | English essayist and literary critic | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LAMB, MARY | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1807 |
Via Lamb - Tales from Shakespeare |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LAMBERT, DANIEL | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1809 |
Via Snippets - England's fattest man |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| LAMBERT, WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1890 |
Via Auto Industry- American engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| LAMI, EUGENE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1840 |
Via Battle of Yorktown - French artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| LANCASTRIANS, THE | HENRY IV (H4) 1399-1413 |
1399 | To King Henry VI 1461 | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| LANCET, THE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1823 |
Via Snippets - British medical journal |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| LANCRET, NICOLAS | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1717 |
Via Watteau - French rococo painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| LANDER BROTHERS, THE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1830 |
Via Africa - the river Niger |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| LANDSEER, SIR EDWIN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1851 |
Via Great Exhibition - English artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| LANDSHUT, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1760 |
Via Seven Yrs War - Prussian defeat |
History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| LANDSTEINER, KARL | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 |
Via Snippets - human blood groups |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| LANFRANC, ARCHBISHOP | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1070 | Appointed by William the Conquerer | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| LANG, ANDREW | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1889 |
Via Kipling - Scottish poet/writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LANGEN, EUGEN | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1876 |
Via Auto Industry - German engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| LANGHANS, CARL | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1789 |
Via Snippets - Brandenburg Gate |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| LANGLAND, WILLIAM | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1362 |
English poet - Piers Plowman |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LANGSIDE, THE BATTLE OF | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1568 |
Via Mary Qn of Scots - defeated |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| LANGTON, STEPHEN | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1209 | Archbishop of Canterbury 1207-1228 | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| LANLEY, SAMUEL | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 |
Via Snippets - invents flying machine |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| LANNER, JOSEF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1823 |
Via Strauss the Elder- Aus.composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| LAOCOON | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1506 | Discovery of ancient Greek sculpture | Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| LAOS, INDOCHINA | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1893 |
Via French Indochina - incorporated |
History (HY) | SOUTH EAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| LAPLACE, PIERRE-SIMON de | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1799 |
Via Lagrange - French astronomer |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| LAPORTE, ROLAND | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1702 |
Via Camisards - leader of rebellion |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| LARGILLIERE, NICOLAS DE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1685 |
Via La Fontaine - French portraitist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| LARREY, BARON DOMINIQUE-JEAN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 |
Via Moscow retreat - French surgeon |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| LARTET, LOUIS | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 |
Via Altamira - French geologist |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| LAS NAVAS DE TOLOSA, BATTLE | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1212 | Beginning of end for Moors in Spain | History (HY) | MOORS (MOO) | MENU |
| LASCAUX GROTTO, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1940 |
Via Altamira-pre-historic wall paintings |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| LATHAM, WOODVILLE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via Lumière brothers - film maker |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| LATIMER, HUGH | MARY I (M1) 1553-1558 |
1555 | English bishop - Protestant martyr | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| LATREILLE, PIERRE-ANDRE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1805 |
Via Lamarck - French entomologist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| LAUD, WILLIAM | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1625 |
Via Charles I- Archbishop Canterbury |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| LAUSTE, EUGENE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via Lumière brothers - film maker |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| LAVERAN, ALPHONSE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1880 |
Via Lister - French physician |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| LAVOISIER, ANTOINE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1777 | French chemist- theory of combustion | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| LAW OF GUARANTEES, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 |
Via Italian Unification - papal rights |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| LAW, JOHN | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1716 |
Via Mississippi Bubble - Scot financier |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| LAW, WILLIAM | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1728 |
Via Wesley - English cleric |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| LAWES, HENRY | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1653 |
Via Herrick - English composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| LAWRENCE, THOMAS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1818 |
Via Davy - English portrait painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| LAYAMON | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1205 | English poet - Arthurian Legend | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LAYARD, AUSTEN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1849 | English archaeologist - Nineveh | Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| LAZARUS, EMMA | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1883 |
Via Statue of Liberty - American poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LE BRUN, CHARLES | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1662 |
Via Versailles - French designer |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| LE NOTRE, ANDRE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1661 |
Via Versailles - landscape artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| LE PRINCE, LOUIS | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1888 |
Via Motion Pictures - Fr.photographer |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| LE VAU, LOUIS | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1669 |
Via Versailles - French architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| LE VERRIER, URBAIN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1845 |
Via Adams - Fr.astronomer - Neptune |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| LEAGUE OF GERMAN PRINCES, THE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1785 |
Via Frederick II - Prussian leadership |
History (HY) | PRUSSIA (PRU) | MENU |
| LEAR, EDWARD | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1846 |
Eng.writer/artist - Books of Nonsense |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LEBON, PHILIPPE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1799 |
Via Murdock - Fr.engineer - gas light |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| LECONTE DE LISLE, CHARLES | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1866 |
Via Hugo - French Parnassian poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LEE, GENERAL ROBERT E. | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1862 |
Via Second Battle of Bull Run |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| LEECH, JOHN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1850 |
Via Dickens - English Illustrator |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| LEEUWENHOEK, ANTONI VAN | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1683 | Pioneer in microscopic research | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| LEFEVRE d'ETAPLES | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1562 |
Via Fr.Religious Wars - Prot reformer |
History (HY) | FRENCH RELIGIOUS WARS (FWR) 1562-1598 |
MENU |
| LEGENDRE, ADRIEN MARIE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1794 |
Via Lagrange - French mathematician |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| LEGNANO, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1176 |
Via Frederick I - defeated in Italy |
History (HY) | HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (HRE) | MENU |
| LEHMANN, CASPAR | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1605 |
Via Snippets - first cut glass |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| LEIBNIZ, GOTTFRIED | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1714 |
Via Newton - German philosopher |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| LEICHHARDT, LUDWIG | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1845 |
Via Sturt-Prussian explorer - Australia |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| LEIGHTON, FREDERICK | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1861 |
Via Elizabeth Barrett Browning |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| LEIPZIG, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 | Coalition of forces defeat Napoleon | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| LELY, PETER | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1651 |
Via Cromwell - Dutch portrait artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| LEMOYNE, FRANCOIS | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1727 |
Via Boucher - French rococo artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| LENARD, PHILIPP | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 |
Via Roentgen - German physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| LENOIR, ETIENNE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1863 |
Via Auto Industry - French engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| LENORMAND, LOUIS-SEBASTIEN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1783 |
Via Montgolfier - first parachute jump |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| LENS, THE BATTLE OF | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1648 |
Via Thirty Yrs War - Habsburg defeat |
History (HY) | THIRTY YEARS WAR (TYW) 1618-1648 |
MENU |
| LEONARDO DA VINCI | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1497 | Italian Renaissance artist and genius | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| LEONCAVALLO, RUGGERO | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1890 |
Via Puccini - It.composer - Pagliacci |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| LEOPOLD I, KING OF BELGIUM | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1832 |
Via Belgium - first king of Belgians |
History (HY) | BELGIUM (BEL) | MENU |
| LEOPOLD II OF BELGIUM | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 | Establishes Congo Free State | History (HY) | CONGO (CON) | MENU |
| LEOPOLD II, ARCHDUKE OF AUSTRIA | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1791 |
Via Flight to Varennes - Pillnitz |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| LEPANTO, THE BATTLE OF | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1571 | Ottoman fleet defeated by Holy League | History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| LERMONTOV, MIKHAIL | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1837 |
Via Pushkin - Russian poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LEROY, JULIEN-DAVID | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1758 |
Via Greek Revival - French architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| LES TRES RICHES HEURES | HENRY V (H5) 1413-1422 |
1413 |
Via Limbourg Brothers - Book of Hours |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| LES VINGT (THE TWENTY) | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1888 |
Via Seurat - French artist group |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| LESAGE, ALAIN-RENE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1715 |
Via Fielding - Fr.novelist - Gil Blas |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LESLIE, JOHN | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1571 |
Via Ridolfi Plot - Catholic bishop |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| LESSEPS, FERDINAND DE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1881 | Fr.builder Suez & Panama canals | Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| LESSING, GOTTHOLD | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1767 | German dramatist- modern foundation | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LETTERS OF JUNIUS | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1769 |
Via Gibbon - attacks upon George III |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| LEUTHEN, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1757 |
Via Seven Yrs War - Prussian victory |
History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| LEUTZE, EMANUEL | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1851 |
Via Washington - German artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| LEVASSOR, EMILE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1887 |
Via Auto Industry - French engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| LEVELLERS - REPUBLICANS | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1649 |
Via Trial of Charles I - John Lilburne |
History (HY) | ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (ECW) 1642-1651 |
MENU |
| LEVSKI, VASIL | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1873 |
Via Russo-Turkish War 1877-78 |
History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| LEWES, GEORGE HENRY | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1854 |
Via George Eliot - English critic |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LEWES, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1264 | Simon de Montfort defeats Henry III | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| LEWIS, MATTHEW GREGORY | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1796 |
Via Blake - English terror novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LEWIS, MERIWETHER | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1806 | American explorer - crosses the USA | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| LEXINGTON, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1775 | Opens War of Am.Independence | History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| LIBERIA, THE STATE OF | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1820 |
Via West Africa - founded |
History (HY) | NORTH AFRICA (NAF) | MENU |
| LIEBIG, JUSTUS VON | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1831 |
Via Faraday - German chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| LIECHTENSTEIN, THE PRINCIPALITY OF | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1719 |
Via Snippets- within Holy Roman Emp. |
History (HY) | HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (HRE) | MENU |
| LIGNY, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 |
Via Hundred Days - French victory |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| LILBURNE, JOHN | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1649 |
Via Trial of Charles I - Ldr of Levellers |
History (HY) | ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (ECW) 1642-1651 |
MENU |
| LIMBOURG BROTHERS, THE | HENRY V (H5) 1413-1422 |
1413 | French manuscript illustrators | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| LIMERICK, THE TREATY OF | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1691 |
Via Battle of the Boyne - ends revolt |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| LIMOGES MASSACRE, THE | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1370 |
Via Black Prince - Hundred Yrs War |
History (HY) | HUNDRED YEARS WAR (HYW) 1339-1453 |
MENU |
| LINACRE, THOMAS | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1518 |
Via Erasmus - English physician |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| LINCOLN, ABRAHAM | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 | President USA 1861-1865 - Civil War | History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| LINCOLN, THE BATTLE OF | STEPHEN (ST) 1135-1154 |
1141 | King Stephen defeated by Qn.Matilda | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| LIND, JAMES | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1754 | Scottish physician - cure for scurvy | Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| LINDSAY, NICHOLAS VACHEL | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1914 |
Via Congo Free State- American poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LINNAEUS, CAROLUS | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1735 | Swedish botanist - plant classification | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| LINNEAN SOCIETY, THE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1788 |
Via Linnaeus - by James Smith |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| LIPPERSHEY, HANS | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1608 |
Via Galileo - Dutch lens maker |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| LIPPI, FRA FILIPP0 | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1445 |
Via Donatello - Florentine painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| LIPPMANN, GABRIEL | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1891 |
Via Maxwell - French physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| LISBON EARTHQUAKE, THE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1755 | Plus tidal wave - 30,000 killed | History (HY) | PORTUGAL (POR) | MENU |
| LISBON, THE TREATY OF | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1668 | Portugal regains independence | History (HY) | PORTUGAL (POR) | MENU |
| LISLE, ROUGET DE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1792 |
Via La Marseillaise - composer |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| LISSA, THE NAVAL BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1866 |
Via Austro-Prussian War |
History (HY) | AUSTRO-PRUSSIAN WAR (APW) June/July 1866 |
MENU |
| LISTER, JOSEPH | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 | English surgeon - antiseptic regime | Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| LISZT, FRANZ | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 | Hungarian composer / piano virtuoso | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| LITTLE BIGHORN, BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1876 | Colonel Custer makes last stand | History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| LIVINGSTONE, DAVID | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1853 | Scottish missionary and explorer | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| LIVONIAN WAR, THE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1557 |
Via Ivan IV - failure to gain Baltic |
History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| LLYWELYN AP GRUFFUDD | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1276 |
Via Wales - defeated by Edward I |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| LOCKE, JOHN | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1690 | English philosopher - empiricism | Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| LODGE, OLIVER | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 |
Via Marconi - English physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| LODI, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1796 |
Via Campo Formio - French victory |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| LOFFLER, FREDERICH | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via Pasteur - German biologist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| LOLLARDS, THE | HENRY IV (H4) 1399-1413 |
1401 | Trained followers of John Wycliffe | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| LOMBARD LEAGUE, THE | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1167 |
Via Frederick I - military alliance |
History (HY) | HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (HRE) | MENU |
| LOMBARD, PETER | STEPHEN (ST) 1135-1154 |
1148 |
It. theologian - Books of Sentences |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| LONDON BRIDGE | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1163 |
Via Notre Dame de Paris |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| LONDON CONFERENCE, THE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1830 |
Via War of Greek Independence - |
History (HY) | GREECE (GRE) | MENU |
| LONDON CONVENTION, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via 1st A-B War- settlement modified |
History (HY) | ANGLO-BOER WAR (1ST) (FBW) 1880-1881 |
MENU |
| LONDON UNDERGROUND, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1863 |
Via Snippets - construction begins |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| LONDON UNIVERSITY | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1825 |
Via Mill - University and King's |
Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| LONDON, JACK | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 |
Via Klondike- Am.author - White Fang |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LONG PARLIAMENT, THE | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1640 | Not dissolved until 1660 | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| LONG, CRAWFORD WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1842 |
Via Simpson-American surgeon-ether |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| LONGBOW, THE ENGLISH | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1346 |
Via Crecy - decisive weapon |
History (HY) | HUNDRED YEARS WAR (HYW) 1339-1453 |
MENU |
| LONGFELLOW, HENRY W. | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1855 |
American poet - Song of Hiawatha |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LOPE DE VEGA | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1613 |
Via Cervantes - Sp.playwright/poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LOPEZ DE SANTA ANNA, GENERAL | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1836 |
Via Texan War of Independence |
History (HY) | TEXAS (TEX) | MENU |
| LOPEZ, FRANCISCO SOLANO | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1862 |
Via War of Triple Alliance |
History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| LORENZO DI PIERFRANCESCO | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1478 |
Via Botticelli - member of Medici |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| LORENZO THE MAGNIFICENT | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1469 | Head of Medici family - patron of arts | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| LORRAIN, CLAUDE | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1637 |
Via Poussin - French landscape artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| LOTI, PIERRE (JULIEN VIAUD) | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1886 |
Via Rostand- French novelist- Aziyade |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LOUIS DE FOIX | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1581 |
Via Smeaton - French engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| LOUIS IV OF BAVARIA | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1322 |
Via John XXII - dispute with Pope |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| LOUIS IX, KING OF FRANCE | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1270 |
Via Eighth Crusade |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| LOUIS PHILIPPE, KING | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1830 |
Via July Revolution - King of France |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| LOUIS XII OF FRANCE | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1513 |
Via Italian Wars - forced out of Italy |
History (HY) | ITALIAN WARS (ITW) 1494-1559 |
MENU |
| LOUIS XIII OF FRANCE | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1614 | 1610-1643 - Richelieu chief minister | History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| LOUIS XIV, KING OF FRANCE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1661 | Reigned 1661-1715 - The Sun King | History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| LOUIS XVI OF FRANCE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1793 | Execution of Fr.king and his wife | History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| LOUISIANA PURCHASE, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1803 | USA buys territory from Napoleon | History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| LOURDES, FRANCE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1858 |
Via Snippets - place of pilgrimage |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| LOVELACE, AUGUSTA ADA | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1833 |
Via Babbage - English mathematician |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| LOVELACE, RICHARD | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1642 |
Via Herrick - English Cavalier Poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LOVETT, WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1838 |
Via Chartism- English social reformer |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| LOWELL, PERCIVAL | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via Schiaparelli - Am.astronomer |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| LOYOLA, IGNATIUS | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1534 | Spanish soldier - founder of Jesuits | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| LUBECK, THE TREATY OF | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1629 |
Via Thirty Yrs War- Protestant defeat |
History (HY) | THIRTY YEARS WAR (TYW) 1618-1648 |
MENU |
| LUCAN, LORD | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1854 |
Via Balaclava - cavalry commander |
History (HY) | CRIMEAN WAR (CRW) 1853-1856 |
MENU |
| LUCCHESI, URBANO | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1894 |
Via Shelley - Italian sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| LUCHANA, THE BATTLE OF | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1836 |
Via First Carlist War - royal victory |
History (HY) | SPAIN (SPA) | MENU |
| LUDDITES, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1811 | Riots against use of machinery | History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| LUKIN, LIONEL | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1785 |
Via Snippets -first unsinkable lifeboat |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| LULLY, JEAN BAPTISTE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1665 |
Via Louis XIV - Court musician |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| LUMBYE, HANS CHRISTIAN | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1839 |
Via Strauss the Elder - Dan.composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| LUMIERE, AUGUSTE AND LOUIS | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 | Pioneers of motion film industry | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| LUNAR SOCIETY, THE BIRMINGHAM | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1766 |
Via Watt- promoting science/industry |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| LUNEVILLE, THE TREATY OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1801 |
Via Marengo - French gains in Italy |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| LUTHER, MARTIN | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1517 | German priest - initiates Reformation | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| LUTINE BELL, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1858 |
Via Snippets - Lloyds of London |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| LUTTER AM BARENBERGE, BATTLE OF | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1626 |
Via Thirty Yrs War - Catholic victory |
History (HY) | THIRTY YEARS WAR (TYW) 1618-1648 |
MENU |
| LUTZEN, THE BATTLE OF | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1632 |
Via Thirty Yrs War - Death of Gustav |
History (HY) | THIRTY YEARS WAR (TYW) 1618-1648 |
MENU |
| LUTZEN, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 |
Via Retreat from Moscow - Fr.victory |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| LUXEMBOURG, THE STATE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1867 |
Via Snippets - gains independence |
History (HY) | LUXEMBOURG (LUX) | MENU |
| LYDGATE, JOHN | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1420 |
Via Chaucer - Eng.poet - Troy Book |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| LYELL, CHARLES | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1833 | Scottish geologist - uniformitarianism | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| LYON, THE COUNCIL OF | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1274 |
Via Michael VIII-union E/W churches |
History (HY) | BYZANTIUM (EMPIRE) (BYZ) | MENU |
| LYTE, HENRY FRANCIS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1847 |
Via Snippets - Abide With Me |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| M | ||||||
| MACARTNEY, LORD | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1793 | Failure of trade mission to China | History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| MACAULAY, THOMAS BABINGTON | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1855 |
Via Trollope - English historian |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MACDONALD, FLORA | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1746 |
Via Culloden - Jacobite supporter |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| MACDONALD, SIR JOHN | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1867 |
Via British North America Act |
History (HY) | CANADA (CAN) | MENU |
| MACEO, ANTONIO | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 |
Via Cuban Revolt - leading rebel |
History (HY) | CUBA (CUB) | MENU |
| MACGILLIVRAY, WILLIAM | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1831 |
Via Audubon - Scottish ornithologist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MACH, ERNST | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1887 |
Via Hertz - Austrian physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| MACHIAVELLI, NICCOLO | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1513 |
Florentine writer/diplomat - The Prince |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MACINTOSH, CHARLES | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1823 |
Via Snippets- invention of waterproofs |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| MACKENZIE, ALEXANDER | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1789 |
Via Vancouver - Scottish explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| MACKENZIE, WILLIAM LYON | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1837 |
Via Union of Canada Act - rebel |
History (HY) | CANADA (CAN) | MENU |
| MACLAREN, CHARLES | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1822 |
Via Schliemann - Scottish geologist |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| MACMAHON, MARSHAL MARIE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 |
Via Battle of Magenta - Fr.commander |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| MACPHERSON, JAMES | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1760 |
Via Stukeley - Ossian poems |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MACQUARIE, LACHLAN | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1810 |
Via Botany Bay - Gov.New Sth Wales |
History (HY) | AUSTRALIA (AUS) | MENU |
| MADAGASCAR, THE ISLAND OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1890 |
Via French Indochina - Fr.control |
History (HY) | AFRICA (AFR) | MENU |
| MADAME DE POMPADOUR | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1751 |
Via Diderot - Louis XV's mistress |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MADAME TUSSAUD'S | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1802 |
Via Reign of Terror - waxworks |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MADERNO, CARLO | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1612 |
Via St. Peter's Basilica - It. architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| MADISON, PRESIDENT JAMES | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 |
Via War of 1812 - declares war v UK |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| MAFEKING, THE RELIEF OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 |
Via 2nd Anglo-Boer War - May |
History (HY) | ANGLO-BOER WAR (2ND) (SBW) 1899-1902 |
MENU |
| MAGDALA, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 |
Via Stanley - Anglo-Abyssinian War |
History (HY) | ETHIOPIA (ETH) | MENU |
| MAGELLAN, FERDINAND | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1522 | His expedition circumnavigates globe | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| MAGENTA, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 |
Via War of 1859 - Austrian defeat |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| MAGNA CARTA, THE | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1215 | An attempt to reduce royal power | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| MAHAN, ALFRED THAYLER | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1890 |
Via Sp-Am War - writer on seapower |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MAHLER, GUSTAV | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1897 |
Via Strauss-Ger.composer/conductor |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| MAHMUD, SULTAN, AFGHAN LEADER | RICHARD I (R1) 1189-1199 |
1193 |
Via Muhammed of Ghur - Ghazni |
History (HY) | AFGHANISTAN (AFG) | MENU |
| MAID OF NORWAY, MARGARET | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1290 | Death of heir to Scottish throne | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| MAIMONIDES | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1176 | Jewish Rabbi and Hebrew scholar | Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| MAINTENON, MARQUISE DE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1683 |
Via Louis XIV - mistress and wife |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| MAIPU, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1818 |
Via Chile - Chilean independence |
History (HY) | CHILE (CHL) | MENU |
| MAIWAND, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1880 |
Via Second Anglo-Afghan War |
History (HY) | AFGHANISTAN (AFG) | MENU |
| MAJUBA HILL, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1881 |
Via First Anglo-Boer War- Brit.defeat |
History (HY) | ANGLO-BOER WAR (1ST) (FBW) 1880-1881 |
MENU |
| MAL TIEMPO, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via Sp.-American War- Cuban victory |
History (HY) | CUBA (CUB) | MENU |
| MALEBRANCHE, NICOLAS | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1674 |
Via Descartes - French philosopher |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| MALET, CLAUDE FRANCOIS DE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 |
Via Retreat from Moscow - failed coup |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| MALHERBE, FRANCOIS DE | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1610 |
Via Rambouillet - French poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MALI EMPIRE, THE | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1235 | Founded following defeat of the Susu | History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| MALIK SHAH, SULTAN SELJUK TURKS | WILLIAM II (W2) 1087-1100 |
1085 |
Via First Crusade -threat to Christians |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| MALLARME, STEPHANE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1876 |
Via Manet - French poet - Mardists |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MALMO, THE TREATY OF | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1524 |
Via Gustav Vasa - Sw. independence |
History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| MALORY, SIR THOMAS | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1470 | English writer - Arthurian legend | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MALOUIN, JEAN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1743 |
Via Snippets - galvanised metal |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| MALPIGHI, MARCELLO | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1661 | Italian microscopist - capillaries | Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| MALPLAQUET, THE BATTLE OF | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1709 | Allied victory over French | History (HY) | SPANISH SUCCESSION (WSS) 1701-1714 |
MENU |
| MALTA, THE SIEGE OF | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1565 |
Via Suleyman-Turkish attack repulsed |
History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| MALTHUS, THOMAS | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1798 | English economist - over-population | Economics (EC) | XNA | MENU |
| MAMLUKS, THE | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1250 | New dynasty arrives in Egypt/Syria | History (HY) | EGYPT (EGY) | MENU |
| MAN IN THE IRON MASK, THE | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1698 | French political prisoner | History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| MANCHU (QING) DYNASTY | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1644 | Overthrows the Ming Dynasty | History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| MANCO CAPAC | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1100 |
Via Incas - founder of the Empire |
History (HY) | INCAS (INC) | MENU |
| MANET, EDOUARD | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1863 | French artist - impressionism | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MANGALORE, THE TREATY OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1784 | Ends Second Anglo-Mysore War | History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| MANILA BAY, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 |
Via Sp.-Am.War - American victory |
History (HY) | CUBA (CUB) | MENU |
| MANN, HORACE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1837 |
Via Froebel - American educator |
Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| MANNERISM - ART STYLE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1523 |
Via Parmigianino - against perfection |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MANORIAL SYSTEM, THE | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1066 |
Via The Norman feudal system |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| MANSA MUSA | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1324 | Outstanding leader of the Mali Empire | History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| MANSART, FRANCOIS | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1638 |
Via Hardouin-Mansart - mansard roof |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| MANSION, COLARD | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1474 |
Via Caxton - Flemish printer/scribe |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MANSON, PATRICK | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via Panama Canal - Scot.physician |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| MANTEGNA, ANDREA | RICHARD III (R3) 1483-1485 |
1492 |
Via Bellini- Paduan artist- perspective |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MANTUA, THE COUNCIL OF | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1460 |
Via Fall of Constantinople - crusade |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| MANUTIUS, ALDUS | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1495 | Italian printer establishes Aldine Press | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MANZIKERT, THE BATTLE OF | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1071 | Seljuk Turks defeat Byzantines | History (HY) | BYZANTIUM (EMPIRE) (BYZ) | MENU |
| MANZONI, ALESSANDRO | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1827 |
Italian novelist - The Betrothed |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MAORI PEOPLE, THE | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1550 | Extend their settlement in New Zealand | History (HY) | NEW ZEALAND (NZ) | MENU |
| MAORI WARS, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1845 |
Via Waitangi - concluding in 1872 |
History (HY) | NEW ZEALAND (NZ) | MENU |
| MAPPA MUNDI, THE | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1300 |
Via Snippets - ancient world map |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| MARAT, JEAN PAUL | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1793 |
Via Reign of Terror - radical |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| MARATHAS, THE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1674 |
Via Aurangzeb - Hindu state - Shivaji |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| MARBLE ARCH, LONDON | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1828 |
Via Nash - victory monument |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| MARCEL, ETIENNE | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1358 |
Via Jacquerie Uprising - leader |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| MARCHAND, CAPTAIN JEAN-BAPTISE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 |
Via Fashoda Incident - French soldier |
History (HY) | SUDAN (SUD) | MENU |
| MARCO ANTONIO DE DOMINIS | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1610 |
Via Snippets - a rainbow explained |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| MARCO POLO | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1271 | Sets out for court of Kublai Khan | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| MARCONI, GUGLIELMO | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 | Italian physicist - wireless developed | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| MARCUS, SIEGFRIED | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1870 |
Via Auto Industry - Austrian engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| MARDISTS, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1885 |
Via Mallarme - intellectual gathering |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MARENGO, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1800 | Napoleon defeats Austrians | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| MAREY, ETIENNE-JULES | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1882 |
Via Motion Pictures - Fr.physiologist |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| MARGARET I, QUEEN | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1389 |
Via Kalmar-Denmark,Norway,Sweden |
History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| MARGARET OF ANJOU | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1455 |
Via Wars of the Roses - king's wife |
History (HY) | WARS OF THE ROSES (WOR) 1455-1485 |
MENU |
| MARIA THERESA OF AUSTRIA | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1759 | Empress of Austria 1740-1780 | History (HY) | AUSTRIA (AUT) | MENU |
| MARIE ANTOINETTE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1791 |
Via Varennes - wife of Louis XVI |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| MARIGNANO, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1515 |
Via Francis I - defeat of Habsburgs |
History (HY) | ITALIAN WARS (ITW) 1494-1559 |
MENU |
| MARJ DABIQ, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1516 |
Via Selim I - defeat of the Mamluks |
History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| MARK TWAIN | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1876 |
American writer - Tom Sawyer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MARKHAM, EDWIN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1899 |
Via Millet - Am.poet/social reformer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MARLBOROUGH, THE DUKE OF | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1704 | British commander- War of Sp. Succ. | History (HY) | SPANISH SUCCESSION (WSS) 1701-1714 |
MENU |
| MARLOWE, CHRISTOPHER | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1588 |
Eng. dramatist and poet - Dr Faustus |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MARPRELATE TRACTS, THE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1588 |
Via Elizabeth - defence of Puritanism |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| MARRYAT, FREDERICK | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1836 | English writer of adventure stories | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MARSHALL, ALFRED | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1890 | Leading English economist | Economics (EC) | XNA | MENU |
| MARSHALL, JOHN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 |
Via Californian Gold Rush - miner |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| MARSILIUS OF PADUA | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1322 |
Via John XXII - curbing papal power |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| MARSTON MOOR, BATTLE OF | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1644 | Parliamentary victory in Eng.Civil War | History (HY) | ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (ECW) 1642-1651 |
MENU |
| MARTELLO TOWERS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1804 |
Via Napoleon - coastal defence |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| MARTI, JOSE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via Sp-American War - Cuban rebel |
History (HY) | CUBA (CUB) | MENU |
| MARTIN, PIERRE-EMILE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1861 |
Via Bessemer - French engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| MARTINEZ DE IRALA, DOMINGO | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1539 |
Via Paraguay- Spanish conquistador |
History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| MARTINI, SIMONE | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1311 |
Via Duccio - Italian painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MARVELL, ANDREW | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1667 |
Via Milton - English metaphysical poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MARX, KARL | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 | German philosopher - Communism | Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| MARY CELESTE, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1872 |
Via Snippets - phantom ship |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| MARY I, QUEEN OF ENGLAND | MARY I (M1) 1553-1558 |
1553 | and IRELAND - to 1558 - Catholic | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| MARY II, QUEEN OF ENGLAND | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1689 | and IRELAND - to her death in 1694 | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1568 | Abdicates - takes refuge in England | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| MARY ROSE, THE WARSHIP THE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1545 |
Via Henry VIII - sinks off Portsmouth |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| MARYLEBONE CRICKET CLUB, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1787 |
Via Snippets - laws governing cricket |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| MASACCIO | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1427 |
Via Donatello - Florentine painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MASCAGNI, PIETRO | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1890 |
Via Puccini - It.composer - Cavalleria Rusticana |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| MASKELYNE, NEVIL | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1765 |
Via William Herschel - astronomer |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| MASOLINO DA PANICALE | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1427 |
Via Masaccio - Tuscan artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MASON, CHARLES | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1767 |
Via the Mason-Dixon Line - surveyor |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| MASON, WILLIAM | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1752 |
Via Arne - English poet - Elfrida |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MASON-DIXON LINE, THE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1767 | Division between two American states | History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| MASSENET, JULES | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via Debussy - French composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| MASSYS, QUENTIN | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1513 |
Via Erasmus - Flemish painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MATABELE WAR, THE FIRST | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1893 | British victory - state of Rhodesia | History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| MATABELE WAR, THE SECOND | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 | Rebellion against British rule | History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| MATHER, INCREASE | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1684 |
Via Salem Witch Trials - writer |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| MATILDA, DAUGHTER OF H1 | STEPHEN (ST) 1135-1154 |
1135 | War of succession under Stephen | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| MATILDA, QUEEN | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1077 |
Via Bayeux Tapestry- wife of William I |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| MATTEO DE BASSI | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1528 |
Via Capuchins - Order's founder |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| MAUDSLAY, HENRY | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1800 |
Via Industrial Revolution- metal lathe |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| MAUGHAM, SOMERSET | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1916 |
Via Gauguin - Eng.playwright/novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MAUPASSANT, GUY DE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1880 |
French writer - Boule de Suif |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MAURY, LIEUTENANT MATTHEW | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1866 |
Via Transatlantic cable - the route |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| MAXIM AUTOMATIC MACHINE GUN, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1893 |
Via First Matabele War - first used |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| MAXIM, HIRAM | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 |
Via First Matabele War - Am.inventor |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| MAXIMILIAN I, EMPEROR OF MEXICO | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1862 |
Via Napoleon III - executed 1867 |
History (HY) | MEXICO (MEX) | MENU |
| MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1864 | Scottish physicist - electromagentism | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| MAXWELL, WILLIAM, EARL NITHSDALE | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1715 |
Via The Fifteen - Jacobite leader |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| MAY, THOMAS | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1647 |
Via Long Parliament - English writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MAYAN EMPIRE, THE | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1200 | The revival of Mayan power | History (HY) | CENTRAL AMERICA (CAM) | MENU |
| MAYAPAN, THE CITY OF | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1460 | Fall of the city ends Mayan Empire | History (HY) | CENTRAL AMERICA (CAM) | MENU |
| MAYBACH, WILHELM | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 |
Via Daimler - German car designer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| MAYER, JOHANN TOBIAS | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1753 |
Via Lacaille - German astronomer |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| MAYER, JULES ROBERT | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1850 |
Via Clausius - German physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| MAZARIN, CARDINAL JULES | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1642 |
Via Richelieu - his successor |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| MAZEPA, IVAN STEPANOVICH | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1708 |
Via Charles XII - Cossack leader |
History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| MAZZINI, GIUSEPPE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 |
Via 1848 - Italian revolutionary leader |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| McADAM, JOHN LOUDON | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1816 |
Via Telford - Scottish engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| McCLINTOCK, FRANCIS LEOPOLD | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 |
Via Franklin - discovers expedition |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| McCLURE, ROBERT | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1854 |
Via Franklin - Irish arctic explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| McCORMICK, CYRUS HALL | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1831 |
Via Tolpuddle Martyrs - reaper |
Agriculture (AG) | XNA | MENU |
| McKINLEY, PRESIDENT WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 |
Via Sp.-Am.War - Am.intervention |
History (HY) | CUBA (CUB) | MENU |
| MEADE, GENERAL GEORGE GORDON | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1863 |
Via Gettysburg - Union commander |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| MEDICAL ADVANCES | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1843 |
Via Simpson - 1840s/1850s |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| MEDICI FAMILY, THE | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1436 |
Via Florence - patrons of the arts |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MEDICI VENUS, THE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1815 |
Via Venus de Milo - Greek sculpture |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| MEDICI, COSIMO DE | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1434 |
Via Florence - patron of the arts |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MEDICI, LORENZO DE | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1469 | Head of Medici family - patron of arts | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MEDICI, MARIE DE | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1610 |
Via Louis XIII - mother and regent |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| MEDUSA, THE RAFT OF THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1816 |
Via Gericault - The raft of the Medusa |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MEEGEREN, HANS VAN | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1945 |
Via Vermeer - Dutch forger |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MEHMED I, SULTAN | HENRY VI (H6) 1422 - 1461 |
1453 |
Via Constantinople- Ottoman advance |
History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| MEHMED II, SULTAN | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1468 | Ottoman empire extended further | History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| MEIJI RESTORATION, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 |
Via Shogunate - imperial power |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| MEISSEN PORCELAIN | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1710 | First hard-paste factory - Saxony | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MEISTERSINGERS | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1210 |
Via Strassburg - German minstrels |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| MELANCHTHON, PHILIPP | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1530 |
Via Luther - Ger.theologian - Articles |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| MELBOURNE-COOPER, ARTHUR | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via Motion Picture Industry |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| MELIES, GEORGE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 |
Via Motion Picture Industry |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| MELVILLE, HERMAN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1851 |
American novelist - Moby Dick |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MENDEL, GREGOR | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 | Austrian botanist - laws of inheritance | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| MENDELEEV, DMITRI | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1869 | Russian chemist - periodic tables | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| MENDELSSOHN, FELIX | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1826 | German composer - Fingal's Cave | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| MENDELSSOHN, MOSES | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1783 |
Via Lessing - German philosopher |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| MENDOZA, PEDRO DE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1535 |
Via Pizarro - reaches Buenos Aires |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| MENELIK II, EMPEROR | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 |
Via Adowa - Leader of Ethiopia |
History (HY) | ETHIOPIA (ETH) | MENU |
| MENGER, CARL | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1871 |
Via Marshall - German economist |
Economics (EC) | XNA | MENU |
| MENGS, ANTON RAPHAEL | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1761 |
Via Neoclassicism - German painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MENTANA, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1867 |
Via Garibaldi - Italian independence |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| MERCATOR, GERHARDUS | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1569 | Flemish map maker-projection system | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| MEREDITH, GEORGE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 |
Via Jerome - Eng.writer - The Egoist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MERICI, ANGELA | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1538 |
Via Capuchins - founder of Ursulines |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| MERIDIAN, THE GREENWICH | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via Snippets - Universal Time |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| MERIMEE, PROSPER | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1845 |
Via Dumas - French novelist- Carmen |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MERMAID TAVERN, THE | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1606 |
Via Shakespeare - meeting place |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MESMER, FRANZ ANTON | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1775 |
Via Morgagni-It.physician-mesmerism |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| MESSIER, CHARLES | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1766 |
Via Herschel - French comet searcher |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| METCALF, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1765 |
Via McAdam - English road maker |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| METHODISM IN GREAT BRITAIN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1739 | Church reform movement | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| METHUEN TREATY, THE | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1703 | Trade pact - England and Portugal | History (HY) | PORTUGAL (POR) | MENU |
| METRIC SYSTEM, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1799 |
Via Snippets - introduced into France |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| METROPOLITAN OPERA HOUSE, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1883 |
Via Snippets - opens in New York |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| METTERNICH, PRINCE von | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 |
Via Year of Revolutions - diplomat |
History (HY) | AUSTRIA (AUT) | MENU |
| MEUCCI, ANTONIO | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 |
Via Bell - Italian inventor of telephone |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| MEXICAN ADVENTURE, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1862 |
Via Napoleon III - colonial failure |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| MEXICAN WAR, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1846 | Mexico v United States - to 1848 | History (HY) | MEXICO (MEX) | MENU |
| MEYER, LOTHAR | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1869 |
Via Mendeleev - German chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| MEYERBEER, GIOCOMO | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1831 |
Via Bellini - German opera composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| MEYNELL, WILFRID AND ALICE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1888 |
Via Thompson - English poets |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MIANI, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1843 |
Via The Sindh - British victory |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| MICHAEL VIII, OF NICAEA | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1261 | Byzantine Empire re-established | History (HY) | BYZANTIUM (EMPIRE) (BYZ) | MENU |
| MICHELANGELO | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1504 | Artistic giant of the Italian Renaissance | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MICHELIN, EDOUARD & ANDRE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1889 |
Via Auto Industry - French inventors |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| MICHELL, JOHN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1760 |
Via Lisbon Earthquake- Eng. geologist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| MICHELOZZO DI BARTOLOMMEO | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1436 |
Via Florence - Italian architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| MIDLOTHIAN CAMPAIGN, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1880 |
Via Gladstone - election campaign |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| MIGHTY FIVE, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1862 |
Via Balakirev - Russian group |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| MILAN, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 |
Via 1848 - Austrian victory in Italy |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| MILAZZO, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1860 |
Via Garibaldi - Italian independence |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| MILL, JAMES | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1817 |
Via Ricardo - English economist |
Economics (EC) | XNA | MENU |
| MILL, JOHN STUART | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 | English philosopher and economist | Economics (EC) | XNA | MENU |
| MILLAIS, JOHN EVERETT | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 | English Pre-Raphaelite artist | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MILLER, PHINEAS | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1793 |
Via Whitney - partner re. cotton gin |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| MILLET, JEAN FRANCOIS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1857 | French painter of Barbizon School | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MILNER, ALFRED | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1899 |
Via 2nd Anglo-Boer War |
History (HY) | ANGLO-BOER WAR (2ND) (SBW) 1899-1902 |
MENU |
| MILTON, JOHN | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1667 |
English poet - Paradise Lost |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MING DYNASTY | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1368 | Established in China (1368-1644) | History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| MINKUS, LUDWIG | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1866 |
Via Delibes - Austrian composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| MINNESINGERS | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1210 |
Via Strassburg - German bards |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| MINOAN CIVILISATION, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 |
Via Evans - finds on island of Crete |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| MIR JA'FAR, NAWAB OF BENGAL | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1759 |
Via Seven Yrs War- Battle of Plassey |
History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| MISSOURI COMPROMISE, THE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1820 |
Via Monroe Doctrine - re. slavery |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| MIVART, ST.GEORGE JACKSON | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 |
Via Darwin - English biologist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| MODEL PARLIAMENT, THE | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1295 | Wide representation - to raise funds | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| MOFFAT, ROBERT | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1841 |
Via Livingstone - Scottish missionary |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| MOFOLO, THOMAS MOKOPU | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1925 |
Via Shaka - South African writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MOHACS, SECOND BATTLE OF | JAMES II (J2) 1685-1688 |
1687 | Turks defeated by Holy League | History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| MOHACS, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1526 |
Via Suleyman I - Hungarians defeated |
History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| MOHR, JOSEPH | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1816 |
Via Rossini - Aut.priest - Silent Night |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| MOLIERE, JEAN BAPTISTE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1666 | French dramatist noted for comedies | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MOLTKE, GENERAL HELMUTH VON | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 |
Via Franco-Prussian War - Prussian |
History (HY) | PRUSSIA (PRU) | MENU |
| MONASTERIES, DISSOLUTION | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1536 | Part of the English Reformation | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| MONCK, GENERAL GEORGE | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1659 |
Via Commonwealth- recalls monarchy |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| MONDOVI, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1796 |
Via Campo Formio - French victory |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| MONET, CLAUDE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1872 | Leading French impressionist painter | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MONGOL EMPIRE, THE | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1206 | Beginning under Genghis Khan | History (HY) | MONGOLS (MON) | MENU |
| MONIER, JOSEPH | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 |
Via Snippets - reinforced concrete |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| MONK, WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1847 |
Via Snippets-music for Abide with Me |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| MONMOUTH REBELLION, THE | JAMES II (J2) 1685-1688 |
1685 | Rebellion against James II is defeated | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| MONMOUTH, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1778 |
Via French intervention - drawn battle |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| MONMOUTH, THE DUKE OF | JAMES II (J2) 1685-1688 |
1685 | Commands army against James II | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| MONRO, THOMAS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 |
Via Turner - London art collector |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MONROE DOCTRINE, THE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1823 | US defence of the Americas | History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| MONROE, JAMES | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1823 |
Via The Monroe Doctrine |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| MONT BLANC | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1786 | First climbed - Paccard & Balmat | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| MONT CENIS TUNNEL, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 |
Via Snippets - opens for rail travel |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| MONTAGU, LADY MARY WORTLEY | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1721 |
Via Jenner- re. treatment for smallpox |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| MONTAGU, MRS ELIZABETH | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1760 |
Via Blue Stockings - London hostess |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MONTAIGNE, MICHEL DE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1588 | French writer and humanist - Essays | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MONTCALM, THE MARQUIS DE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1756 |
Via Anglo French War-North America |
History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| MONTES CLAROS, THE BATTLE OF | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1665 |
Via Lisbon Treaty- Portuguese victory |
History (HY) | PORTUGAL (POR) | MENU |
| MONTESQUIEU, CHARLES | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1748 |
French jurist - Spirit of the Laws |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| MONTEVERDI, CLAUDIO | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1607 | Italian composer - notably operas | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| MONTEZUMA I | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1440 |
Via Itzcoatl - great Aztec ruler |
History (HY) | AZTECS (AZT) | MENU |
| MONTFORT, SIMON DE | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1264 | Defeats Henry III and his son Edward | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| MONTGOLFIER BROTHERS, THE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1783 | French inventors - first hot air balloon | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| MOORE, GEORGE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via Oscar Wilde -Irish novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MOORE, SIR JOHN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1809 |
Via Corunna - killed in the battle |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| MOORE, THOMAS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1817 |
Via Byron - Irish poet/satirist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MORAN, EDWARD | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1886 |
Via Statue of Liberty - American artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MORE, HANNAH | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1788 |
Via Gibbon - English philanthropist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MORE, THOMAS | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1516 |
Scholar and humanist - Utopia |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MOREL, EDMUND DENE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 |
Via Congo Free State - editor |
History (HY) | CONGO (CON) | MENU |
| MORGAGNI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1761 | Italian physician- founder of pathology | Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| MORGAN, SIR HENRY | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1670 |
Via Piracy - Welsh buccaneer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| MORIGIA, CAMILLO | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1780 |
Via Dante - Italian architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| MORISOT, BERTHE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 |
Via Manet - French artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MORLAND, GEORGE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1791 |
Via More- Eng.painter- rural scenes |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MORMON CHURCH, THE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1830 |
Via Oxford Movement-in United States |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| MORNINGTON, LORD | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1803 |
Via 2nd Anglo-Maratha War |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| MOROCCO, THE KINGDOM OF | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1844 |
Via Algeria - Treaty of Tangier |
History (HY) | NORTH AFRICA (NAF) | MENU |
| MORRIS, WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 |
Via Pre-Raphaelites- English designer |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MORSE, SAMUEL | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1837 | Makes telegraph and invents code | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| MORTIMER, ROGER | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1326 |
Via Edward II - ruler for 3 years |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| MORTON, WILLIAM THOMAS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1846 |
Via Simpson- American dentist- ether |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| MOTION PICTURE INDUSTRY | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1891 |
Via Edison - the birth of the industry |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| MOUHOT, HENRI | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1113 |
Via Ankor Wat - French naturalist |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| MOZART, WOLFGANG AMADEUS | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1786 | Austrian composer - musical genius | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| MUGHAL EMPIRE, THE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1526 | Babur becomes first Mughal leader | History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| MUHAMMAD AHMAD OF SUDAN | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1881 |
Via First Anglo-Sudan War-the Mahdi |
History (HY) | SUDAN (SUD) | MENU |
| MUHAMMAD ALI | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1820 | Viceroy in Egypt - attacks Sudan | History (HY) | SUDAN (SUD) | MENU |
| MUHAMMAD OF GHUR | RICHARD I (R1) 1189-1199 |
1193 | Founder of Muslim power in India | History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| MUHLBERG, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1547 |
Via Reformation- defeat of Protestants |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| MULLER, WILHELM | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1824 |
Via Schubert - German poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MULREADY, WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1840 |
Via Snippets - penny post |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| MUNCH, EDVARD | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1893 |
Via Gauguin - Norwegian painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MUNGO PARK | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1795 | Scottish explorer - the Niger,W.Africa | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| MUNSTER, SEBASTIAN | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1544 |
Via Balboa - German mapmaker |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| MURAD I | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1345 |
Via Orhan - advance into the Balkans |
History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| MURAD II - OTTOMAN LEADER | HENRY VI (H6) 1422 - 1461 |
1453 |
Via Constantinople- Ottoman advance |
History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| MURAD IV | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1638 | Ottoman Sultan - 1623-1640 | History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| MURAT, JOACHIM | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 |
Via Hundred Days - French General |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| MURDOCK, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1784 |
Via Cugnot - English inventor |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| MURGER, HENRI | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1851 |
Via Puccini - French novelist/poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MURILLO, BARTOLOME | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1646 |
Via Velasquez - Spanish artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| MUSCOVY COMPANY, THE | MARY I (M1) 1553-1558 |
1555 | Established for Anglo-Russian trade | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| MUSSET, ALFRED DE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1835 |
Via Hugo- French poet and playwright |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| MUSSORGSKY, MODEST | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1867 |
Via Tchaikovsky - Russian composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| MUTINY ON THE BOUNTY | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1789 | Captain Bligh is set adrift | History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| MUYBRIDGE, EADWEARD | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1877 |
Via Motion Pictures-Eng.photographer |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| MYCENAE, ANCIENT CITY OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1876 |
Via Schliemann - in Greece |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| N | ||||||
| NACHTIGAL, GUSTAV | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1869 |
Via Stanley - German explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| NADAR (TOURNACHON, FELIX) | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1858 |
Via Talbot - French photographer |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| NADEJDA VON MECK | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1877 |
Via Tchaikovsky - wealthy patron |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| NADIR SHAH OF IRAN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1739 | Ruler 1736-1747 - Peacock throne | History (HY) | IRAN (IRA) | MENU |
| NAGELI, KARL WILHELM VON | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1866 |
Via Mendel - Swiss botanist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| NAIRNE, LADY CAROLINA | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1824 |
Via Culloden - Scottish songwriter |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| NANAK, SIKH | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1499 |
Via Sikhism - founder/spiritual leader |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| NANCEN PINCO | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1370 |
Via Chimu People - later overrun |
History (HY) | INCAS (INC) | MENU |
| NANKING, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1842 |
Via First Opium War - settlement |
History (HY) | OPIUM WARS (OPW) 1839-1842, 1856-1860 |
MENU |
| NANSEN, FRIDTJOF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1893 |
Via Franklin - Norwegian arctic explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| NANTES, REVOCATION OF EDICT | JAMES II (J2) 1685-1688 |
1685 | Further persecution of Huguenots | History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| NANTES, THE EDICT OF | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1598 | Protestants gain a measure of freedom | History (HY) | FRENCH RELIGIOUS WARS (FWR) 1562-1598 |
MENU |
| NAPIER, GENERAL CHARLES | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1842 |
Via Anglo-Afghan War - war in Sindh |
History (HY) | AFGHANISTAN (AFG) | MENU |
| NAPIER, GENERAL ROBERT CORNELIUS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1858 |
Via Indian Mutiny - British general |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| NAPIER, JOHN | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1614 | Scottish mathematician - logarithms | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| NAPIER, SIR WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1828 |
Via Peninsular War - history of |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| NAPOLEON BONAPARTE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1799 |
Via The Consulate - French general |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| NAPOLEON II | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1814 |
Via Waterloo - Napoleon's son |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| NAPOLEON III | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1852 | Becomes emperor of France - 1870 | History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| NAPOLEONIC WARS, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1803 | To Battle of Waterloo 1815 | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| NARODNISM (POPULISM) | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1861 |
Via Alexander II - popular movement |
History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| NARVA, THE BATTLE OF | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1700 |
Via Great Northern War |
History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| NASEBY, BATTLE OF | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1645 | Royalists defeated in Eng.Civil War | History (HY) | ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (ECW) 1642-1651 |
MENU |
| NASH, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1811 | English architect - Regent Street | Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| NASH, RICHARD BEAU | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1740 |
Via Gainsborough - Eng.dandy - Bath |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| NASHVILLE, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1864 |
Via Gettysburg - Union victory |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| NASMYTH, JAMES | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 |
Via Brunel - Scot.engineer - hammer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| NATAL | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 |
Via Battle of Blood River |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| NATIONAL GALLERY, LONDON, THE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1824 |
Via Snippets - founded in Pall Mall |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1888 |
Via Bell - founded in Washington DC |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| NATIONAL TRUST, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via Snippets - founded in Britain |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| NATIONS, THE BATTLE OF THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 | Coalition of forces defeat Napoleon | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| NAVARINO, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1827 |
Via War of Greek Independence |
History (HY) | GREECE (GRE) | MENU |
| NAYLOR, JAMES | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1651 |
Via Fox - English Quaker |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| NAZARINES, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1809 |
Via Pre-Raphaelites - German artists |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| NECKER, JACQUES | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1778 |
Via States General - French minister |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| NED KELLY | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1880 | Last stand of Australian outlaw | History (HY) | AUSTRALIA (AUS) | MENU |
| NEILSON, JAMES BEAUMONT | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1828 |
Via Industrial Rev.- Scottish engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| NELL GWYN | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1667 |
Via Dryden - King's mistress |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| NELSON, HORATIO | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1798 |
Via Battle of Aboukir Bay - British admiral |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| NELSON'S COLUMN, LONDON | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1843 |
Via Snippets -completed Trafalgar Sq. |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| NEOCLASSICISM | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1762 |
Via Robert Adam- visual art |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| NEO-IMPRESSIONISM | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via Seurat - pointillism |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| NEPAL, KINGDOM OF NORTHERN INDIA | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1814 |
Via 2nd/3rd Anglo-Maratha Wars |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| NERCHINSK, TREATY OF | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1689 | Agreement on Russo-Chinese border | History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| NETHERLANDS, THE | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1477 | Habsburgs take over Netherlands | History (HY) | NETHERLANDS (NET) | MENU |
| NEUVILLE, ALPHONSE DE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 |
Via Rorke's Drift - Fr. battle artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| NEW ACADEMY, THE | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1500 |
Via Aldus Manutius - Greek studies |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| NEW AMSTERDAM | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1626 | Founded by Dutch - Manhattan Island | History (HY) | NORTH AMERICA (NAM) | MENU |
| NEW ECHOTA, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1835 |
Via Trail of Tears - Indian expulsion |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| NEW GRANADA, SOUTH AMERICA | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1819 |
Via Bolivar - gains independence |
History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| NEW ORLEANS, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 |
Via War of 1812 - American victory |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| NEW YORK, BRITISH CAPTURE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1776 | American Independence | History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| NEW YORK, MANHATTAN ISLAND | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1664 |
Via New Amsterdam - seized by Brits |
History (HY) | NORTH AMERICA (NAM) | MENU |
| NEWBERY, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1765 |
Via Goldsmith - English bookseller |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| NEWBOLT, SIR HENRY | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1897 |
Via Drake - Eng.Poet - Drake's Drum |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| NEWCOMEN, THOMAS | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1712 | English engineer - steam engine | Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| NEWLANDS, JOHN | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1863 |
Via Mendeleev - English chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| NEWMAN, JOHN HENRY | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1830 |
Via Oxford Movement - leader |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| NEWPORT, CAPTAIN CHRISTOPHER | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1607 |
Via Jamestown - colonial leader |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| NEWTON, CHARLES | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1856 |
Via Layard - English archaeologist |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| NEWTON, ISAAC | JAMES II (J2) 1685-1688 |
1687 | English mathematician & scientist | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| NEWTON, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1779 |
Via Cowper - Olney hymns |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| NEY, MARSHAL MICHEL | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 |
Via Hundred Days - French general |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| NI TSAN | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1368 |
Via Ming Dynasty - Chinese artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| NICHOLAS I, TSAR | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1825 |
Via Decembrist Uprising in Russia |
History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| NICHOLLS, ARTHUR BELL | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1854 |
Via Charlotte Bronte - husband |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| NICHOLSON'S NEK, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1899 |
Via 2nd Anglo-Boer War- Boer victory |
History (HY) | ANGLO-BOER WAR (2ND) (SBW) 1899-1902 |
MENU |
| NICOLAI, OTTO | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1846 |
Via Berlioz - German composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| NICOLAIER, ARTHUR | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via Pasteur - German physician |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| NICOLE, PIERRE | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1669 |
Via Arnauld - French theologian |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| NICOPOLIS, THE BATTLE OF | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1396 |
Via Kosovo- Ottomans defeat crusade |
History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| NICOT, JEAN | MARY I (M1) 1553-1558 |
1558 |
Via Snippets- Italian diplomat- tobacco |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| NIEBUHR, BARTHOLD GEORG | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1832 |
Via Carsten Niebuhr-German historian |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| NIEBUHR, CARSTEN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1772 |
Via Bruce - German map maker |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| NIEPCE, JOSEPH | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1827 | French inventor - first photograph | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| NIETZSCHE, FRIEDRICH | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 | German philosopher - will to succeed | Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| NIGHTINGALE, FLORENCE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1855 | English nurse in Crimean War | Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| NIJMEGEN, THE TREATIES OF | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1678 |
Via Franco-Dutch War - and 1679 |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| NILE, THE BATTLE OF THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1798 | Nelson destroys French fleet | History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| NINEVEH, THE CITY OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1849 | Discovery of Ancient Assyrian capital | Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| NINGYUAN, THE BATTLE OF | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1626 |
Via Manchu - defeat of Ming army |
History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| NIZIP, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 |
Via Muhammad Ali - Egyptian victory |
History (HY) | EGYPT (EGY) | MENU |
| NOBEL PRIZES, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 | Awarded by Alfred Bernhard Nobel | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| NOBEL, ALFRED BERNHARD | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1866 | Swedish chemist - develops dynamite | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| NOBUNAGA, ODA | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1568 |
Via Onin War - feudal lord |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| NOH DRAMA | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1385 |
Via Japan - Zeami Motokiyo |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| NOOTKA SOUND CONTROVERSY, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1790 |
Via Vancouver - Spain v GB |
History (HY) | CANADA (CAN) | MENU |
| NORDENSKIOLD, ADOLF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1879 |
Via Franklin - Northeast Passage |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| NORDLINGEN, THE BATTLE OF | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1634 |
Via Thirty Yrs War - Protestant defeat |
History (HY) | THIRTY YEARS WAR (TYW) 1618-1648 |
MENU |
| NORDLINGEN, THE SECOND BATTLE OF | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1645 |
Via Thirty Yrs War - Habsburg defeat |
History (HY) | THIRTY YEARS WAR (TYW) 1618-1648 |
MENU |
| NORDMAN, CHARLES | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1901 |
Via Marconi - French astronomer |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| NORDRAAK, RICHARD | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1863 |
Via Grieg - Norwegian composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| NORE MUTINY, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1797 | British naval mutiny -The Thames | History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| NORMAN CONQUEST, THE | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1067 | Norman rule imposed on British Isles | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| NORMANS, THE | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1066 | To King Stephen 1154 | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| NORTH, LORD | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1781 |
Via George III - British PM |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| NORTHAMPTON, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1460 |
Via Wars of Roses - victory for York |
History (HY) | WARS OF THE ROSES (WOR) 1455-1485 |
MENU |
| NORTHAMPTON, TREATY OF | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1328 | Declares independence of Scotland | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| NORTHEN, ADOLF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 |
Via Retreat from Moscow - Ger.artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| NORTHUMBERLAND, DUKE OF | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1549 |
Via Edward VI - Regent 1549-1553 |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| NORTHUMBERLAND, EARL OF | HENRY IV (H4) 1399-1413 |
1403 |
Via Shrewsbury - defeat of Hotspur |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| NORWAY | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1397 |
Via Union of Kalmar - with Den.& Sw. |
History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| NORWICH SCHOOL, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1803 |
Via Turner- landscape/marine artists |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| NOSTRADAMUS | MARY I (M1) 1553-1558 |
1555 | French astrologer makes predictions | Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| NOTRE DAME DE PARIS | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1163 | Early Gothic - completed in 1250 | Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| NOVALIS (VON HARDENBERG) | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1799 |
Via Schiller - German romantic poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| NOVARA, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1513 |
Via Italian Wars- Swiss defeat French |
History (HY) | ITALIAN WARS (ITW) 1494-1559 |
MENU |
| NOVARA, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1849 |
Via 1848 - Austrian victory in Italy |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| NTOMBI, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 |
Via Anglo-Zulu War - British defeat |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| NURHACHI (KHAN KUNDULUN) | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1616 |
Via Manchu Dynasty - founder |
History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| NUSSEY, ELLEN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1847 |
Via Charlotte Bronte - life-long friend |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| NYSTADT, TREATY OF | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1721 | Between Sweden and Russia | History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| O | ||||||
| O'BRIEN, JAMES BRONTERRE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1835 |
Via Chartism - Irish born radical |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| O'BRIEN, WILLIAM SMITH | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1849 |
Via Great Potato Famine, Ireland |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| O'CONNELL, DANIEL | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1829 |
Via Peel - Irish nationalist |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| O'CONNOR, FEARGUS EDWARD | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 |
Via Chartism - Irish militant leader |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| O'CONNOR, RODERICK, HIGH KING | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1170 |
Via Ireland - opposes Strongbow |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| O'DONNELL, PATRICK | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1883 |
Via Phoenix Park Murders - radical |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| O'HIGGINS, BERNADO | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1810 |
Via Chile - patriot and leader |
History (HY) | CHILE (CHL) | MENU |
| O'MAHONY, JOHN | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1867 |
Via Fenian Uprising - Irish nationalist |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| O'MORE, RORY | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1641 | Irish Catholic chieftain starts uprising | History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| O'NEIL, SHANE, OF TYRONE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1562 |
Via Ireland - leads first Catholic revolt |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| O'NEILL, HUGH, EARL OF TYRONE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1598 |
Via Ireland - leads 3rd catholic revolt |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| OATES, TITUS | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1678 | English instigator of Popish Plot | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| OBASSA, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 |
Via War of the Golden Stool - ending |
History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| OBERAMMERGAU, BAVARIAN ALPS | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1634 |
Via Snippets - Bavarian passion play |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| OBRENOVICH, MILOS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 |
Via Karageorge - Serbian leader |
History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| ODO, BISHOP OF BAYEUX | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1077 |
Via Bayeux Tapestry - possible part |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| ODORIC OF PORDENONE | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1330 |
Via Ibn Battuta - Italian traveller |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| OEBEN, JEAN FRANCOIS | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1754 |
Via Chippendale- Germ.cabinetmaker |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| OEHLENSHLAGER, ADAM | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1805 |
Via Grimm Brothers - Danish poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| OERSTED, HANS CHRISTIAN | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1820 | Danish scientist- electromagnetism | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| OFFENBACH, JACQUES | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1858 | German-born French composer | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| OGLETHORPE, JAMES | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1733 | Eng. philanthropist - sets up Georgia | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| OHM, GEORG SIMON | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1825 |
Via Oersted - German physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| OJEDA, ALONSO DE | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1499 |
Via Vespucci-Spanish soldier/explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| OLAF II, KING (and OLAF IV) | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1380 |
Via Kalmar - Denmark and Norway |
History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| OLBERS, HEINRICH | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1802 |
Via Gauss - German astronomer |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| OLD GLORY - STARS & STRIPES | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1777 |
Via Saratoga Battles - US flag |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| OLDCASTLE, SIR JOHN | HENRY V (H5) 1413-1422 |
1417 |
Via Lollards - leader of rebellion |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| OLDS, RANSOM ELI | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1901 |
Via Auto Industry- American engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| OLYMPIC GAMES, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 |
Via Snippets - revived in Athens |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| OMAI - SOUTH SEA ISLANDER | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1775 |
Via Cook-Tahitian brought to England |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| OMAN, SIR CHARLES | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1902 |
Via Peninsular War- military historian |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| OMAR KHAYYAM | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1131 | Persian poet - Four lined verse | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| OMDURMAN, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 | British defeat Sudanese Dervishes | History (HY) | SUDAN (SUD) | MENU |
| ONIN WAR, THE | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1467 | Civil War in Japan for over 100 years | History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| OPIE, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1792 |
Via Wollstonecraft - English painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| OPIUM WAR, THE FIRST | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 | Trade war - UK and China | History (HY) | OPIUM WARS (OPW) 1839-1842, 1856-1860 |
MENU |
| OPIUM WAR, THE SECOND | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1856 | Trade war - France and UK v China | History (HY) | OPIUM WARS (OPW) 1839-1842, 1856-1860 |
MENU |
| OPORTO, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1809 |
Via Peninsular War - British victory |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| ORANGE FREE STATE, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1842 |
Via Battle of Blood River |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| ORDAHSU, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1874 |
Via Third Anglo-Ashanti War |
History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| ORDER OF KNIGHTS | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1113 | Forming of Hospitaller | Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| ORDER OF THE GARTER, THE | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1348 | A royal civil and military honour | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| ORDERIC VITALIS | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1069 |
Via Harrowing - Norman historian |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| ORDNANCE SURVEY, THE BRITISH | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1791 |
Via Arrowsmith - established |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| OREGON TRAIL, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1840 |
Via Oregon Treaty - pioneer route |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| OREGON TREATY, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1846 | Border settlement - USA-Canada | History (HY) | CANADA (CAN) | MENU |
| ORELLANA, FRANCISCO DE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1541 |
Via Pizarro - navigates River Amazon |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| ORHAN, SULTAN | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1345 | Ottomans advance into the Balkans | History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| ORIENT EXPRESS, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1883 |
Via Snippets - Paris to Istanbul |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| ORISKANY, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1777 |
Via Battles of Saratoga- British defeat. |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| ORSINI, FELICE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1858 |
Via Napoleon III - Italian patriot |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| ORTELIUS, ABRAHAM | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1569 |
Via Mercator - Dutch mapmaker |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| OSCEOLA, CHIEF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1835 |
Via Second Seminole War- Leader |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| OSEI KWADWO | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1764 | Leader of the Ashanti, West Africa | History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| OSEI TUTU | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1689 |
Via Ashanti - founder of empire |
History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| OSMAN I | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1300 |
Via Ottoman Empire - the founder |
History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| OSSIAN, THE WORKS OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1760 |
Via Macpherson - Scottish forger |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| OSTADE, ADRIAEN VON | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1642 |
Via Steen - Little Masters of Holland |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| OSTROLENKA, THE BATTLE OF | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1831 |
Via Poland - rebellion crushed |
History (HY) | POLAND (POL) | MENU |
| OTIS, ELISHA | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1852 |
Via Bessemer - American engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| OTTO, NIKOLAUS | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1876 |
Via Auto Industry - German engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| OTTOMAN EMPIRE, THE | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1300 | Founded by Osman I in NW Anatolia | History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| OUDENAARDE, THE BATTLE OF | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1708 | Allied victory over French | History (HY) | SPANISH SUCCESSION (WSS) 1701-1714 |
MENU |
| OUDNEY, WALTER | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1823 |
Via Africa- Scot.explorer- Lake Chad |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| OUGHTRED, WILLIAM | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1631 |
Via Snippets - mathematical symbols |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| OURIQUE, THE BATTLE OF | STEPHEN (ST) 1135-1154 |
1139 |
Via Portugal - independence gained |
History (HY) | PORTUGAL (POR) | MENU |
| OUTLAWS OF THE WILD WEST | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1880 |
Via Kelly - American outlaws |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| OWEN, RICHARD | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1860 |
Via Darwin - English anatomist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| OWEN, ROBERT | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 |
Via Fry - Welsh socialist reformer |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| OXFORD MOVEMENT, THE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1833 | Reform movement-Church of England | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| OXFORD, THE UNIVERSITY OF | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1167 |
Via Paris University 1155 |
Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| OXLEY, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1818 |
Via Flinders - English explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| P | ||||||
| PAARDEBERG, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 |
Via Sec.Anglo-Boer War- Brit.victory |
History (HY) | ANGLO-BOER WAR (2ND) (SBW) 1899-1902 |
MENU |
| PACCARD, MICHEL-GABRIEL | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1786 |
Via Mont Blanc - first to climb |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| PACHACUTI INCA | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1466 | Leader of Incas - expands empire | History (HY) | INCAS (INC) | MENU |
| PACHELBEL, JOHANN | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1699 |
Via Purcell - German composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| PACKARD, JAMES WARD | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1899 |
Via Auto Industry- American engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| PADEREWSKI, IGNANCY JAN | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1887 |
Via Snippets - Polish virtuoso pianist |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| PAGANINI, NICOLO | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 | Genoan virtuoso violinist | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| PAGET, GENERAL LORD | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1809 |
Via Corunna - cavalry commander |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| PAGET, SIDNEY | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1887 |
Via Conan Doyle - Sherlock Holmes |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| PAINE, THOMAS | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1792 |
Via Burke - English/American radical |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| PAJOU, AUGUSTIN | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1791 |
Via Houdon - French sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| PALERMO, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1860 |
Via Garibaldi - Italian independence |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| PALESTRINA, GIOVANNI | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1551 | Italian composer - church music | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| PALEY, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1794 |
Via Kant - Eng.theologian/philosopher |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| PALLADIO, ANDREA | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1570 |
Italian classical architect - Four Books |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| PALLAS, PETER SIMON | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1766 |
Via Buffon - German naturalist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| PALMERSTON, LORD | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1856 |
Via Treaty of Paris- English statesman |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| PALO ALTO, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1846 |
Via Mexican War - U.S. victory |
History (HY) | MEXICO (MEX) | MENU |
| PANAMA CANAL, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1881 | Construction begins - De Lesseps | Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| PANIPAT, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1526 |
Via Babur - making of Mughal empire |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| PANIPAT, THE BATTLE OF | MARY I (M1) 1553-1558 |
1556 |
Via Akbar - expansion of Muhgal Emp. |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| PANIPAT, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1761 | The Afghans defeat the Mahrathas | History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| PANIPAT, THE BATTLE OF | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1398 |
Via Tamerlane - captures Delhi |
History (HY) | MONGOLS (MON) | MENU |
| PANKHURST, MRS EMMELINE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1889 |
Via Snippets - Women's Franchise |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| PAOLI, PASQUALE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1790 |
Via Napoleon - Corsican leader |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| PAPAL INFALLIBILITY | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 |
Via Snippets - the declaration |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| PAPAL STATES, THE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1831 |
Via Uprisings in Europe - put down |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| PAPIN, DENIS | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1690 |
Via Savery - French physicist |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| PAPINEAU, LOUIS JOSEPH | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1837 |
Via Union of Canada Act - rebel |
History (HY) | CANADA (CAN) | MENU |
| PARACELSUS | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1536 |
Swiss Physician - Great Surgery Book |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| PARAGUAY - INDEPENDENCE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1810 | Fight for independence - gained 1813 | History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| PARE, AMBROISE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1545 |
Via Paracelsus - French surgeon |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| PARIS COMMUNE, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 | Working class rebellion | History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| PARIS, MATTHEW | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1216 |
English monk - History of the English |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| PARIS, THE PEACE OF | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1783 | Settlement- Am.War of Independence | History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| PARIS, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1856 | Ends Crimean War 1854-1856 | History (HY) | CRIMEAN WAR (CRW) 1853-1856 |
MENU |
| PARIS, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 |
Via Spanish/American War-settlement |
History (HY) | CUBA (CUB) | MENU |
| PARIS, THE UNIVERSITY OF | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1155 | Founded - a model for others | Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| PARIS, TREATY OF - 1259 | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1259 | Henry renounces most Fr.territory | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| PARIS, TREATY OF - 1763 | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1763 | Ends Seven Years' War | History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| PARKER, RICHARD | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1797 |
Via Nore Mutiny - leading mutineer |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| PARKINSON, JAMES | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1817 |
Via Hahnemann- English neurologist |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| PARMIGIANINO, FRANCESCO | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1535 |
Via Titian - Italian painter and etcher |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| PARNASSIAN MOVEMENT, THE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1866 |
Via Leconte de Lisle - poetic movement |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| PARNELL, CHARLES STEWART | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1881 |
Via Phoenix Park Murders - radical |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| PARR, CATHERINE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1543 | Wives of H8 -1543-1547 - survived | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| PARR, THOMAS | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1635 |
Via Snippets - dies aged 152 |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| PARRY, HUBERT | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1886 |
Via Blake- Eng.composer-Jerusalem |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| PARRY, WILLIAM | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1827 |
Via Arctic - English explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| PARSONS, CHARLES ALGERNON | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via Daimler - English engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| PARTHENON, THE | JAMES II (J2) 1685-1688 |
1687 |
Via Second Battle of Mohacs |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| PARTITION OF POLAND, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1795 | By Austria, Russia and Prussia | History (HY) | POLAND (POL) | MENU |
| PARWAN, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1840 |
Via First Anglo-Afghan War |
History (HY) | AFGHANISTAN (AFG) | MENU |
| PASCAL, BLAISE | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1656 | French philosopher and scientist | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| PASCHALL II, POPE | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1111 |
Via Henry V-re.investiture controversy |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| PASSAROWITZ, THE TREATY OF | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1718 | Between OttomanTurks and Austria | History (HY) | AUSTRIA (AUT) | MENU |
| PASTEUR INSTITUTE, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1888 |
Via Pasteur - for contagious diseases |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| PASTEUR, LOUIS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1858 | French chemist - biology & medicine | Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| PASTON LETTERS, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1787 |
Via Gibbon - re.15th century Norfolk |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| PATAY, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1429 |
Via Joan of Arc - French victory over English |
History (HY) | HUNDRED YEARS WAR (HYW) 1339-1453 |
MENU |
| PATER, JEAN BAPTISTE | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1717 |
Via Watteau - French rococo painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| PATERSON, WILLIAM | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1694 |
Via Snippets-Bank of England founded |
Economics (EC) | XNA | MENU |
| PATINIR, JOACHIM | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1500 |
Via Bosch - Dutch landscape artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| PAUL III, POPE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1517 |
Via Counter Reformation - policy |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| PAUL, ROBERT | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via Motion Picture Industry |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| PAVIA, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1525 | HRE victory ends the Italian Wars | History (HY) | ITALIAN WARS (ITW) 1494-1559 |
MENU |
| PAXTON BOYS' UPRISING, THE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1763 |
Via Pontiac's War - attack on Indians |
History (HY) | NORTH AMERICA (NAM) | MENU |
| PAXTON, JOSPEH | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1851 |
Via Great Exhibition - Crystal Palace |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| PEABODY, ELIZABETH PALMER | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1860 |
Via Froebel - American educator |
Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| PEACE OF PARIS, THE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1783 | Settlement- Am.War of Independence | History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| PEACE OF PRAGUE, THE | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1635 |
Via Thirty Yrs War - brief settlement |
History (HY) | THIRTY YEARS WAR (TYW) 1618-1648 |
MENU |
| PEACOCK THRONE, THE | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1632 |
Via Jahan - built in his reign |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| PEACOCK, THOMAS LOVE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 |
Via Shelley - English novelist/poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| PEALE, CHARLES WILSON | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1789 |
Via Washington - American artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| PEARY, ROBERT | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1909 |
Via Arctic - first to reach N.Pole |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| PEASANTS' REVOLT, CENTRAL EUROPE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1525 | Widespread revolt is swiftly crushed | History (HY) | HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (HRE) | MENU |
| PEASANTS' REVOLT, THE | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1381 | Led by Wat Tyler and John Ball | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| PEEL, SIR ROBERT | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1829 | Police force & Catholic emancipation | History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| PEIWAR KOTAL, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1878 |
Via Second Anglo-Afghan War |
History (HY) | AFGHANISTAN (AFG) | MENU |
| PEKING CONVENTION, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1860 |
Via Second Opium War - China |
History (HY) | OPIUM WARS (OPW) 1839-1842, 1856-1860 |
MENU |
| PELLETIER, PIERRE JOSEPH | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1817 |
Via Davy - French chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| PELSAERT, FRANCISCO | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1627 |
Via Diemen-1st Australian immigrants |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| PENGELLY, WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 |
Via Darwin - English archaeologist |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| PENINSULAR WAR, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1808 | Britain sends army to Portugal | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| PENN, WILLIAM | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1682 | English Quaker - Pennsylvania | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| PENNELL, JOSEPH | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 |
Via Whistler- American.artist/writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| PENNY BLACK, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1840 |
Via Snippets - first postage stamp |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| PENNY FARTHING BICYCLE, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 |
Via Snippets - invented by J.Starley |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| PENRITH, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1745 |
Via '45 Rebellion - Jacobite victory |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| PEOPLE'S CRUSADE, THE | WILLIAM II (W2) 1087-1100 |
1095 |
Via First Crusade - Peter the Hermit |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| PEPUSCH, JOHN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1728 |
Via Gay - German composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| PEPYS, SAMUEL | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1660 | English diarist 1660-1669 | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| PERCEVAL, SPENCER | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 |
Via Snippets-British PM assassinated |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| PERCY, SIR HENRY (HOTSPUR) | HENRY IV (H4) 1399-1413 |
1403 |
Via Shrewsbury - killed in battle |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| PERE LACHAISE CEMETERY, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1804 |
Via Bizet - famous Paris cemetery |
HY | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| PEREGRINUS, PETRUS | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1269 |
Via Gilbert - Fr.scientist - magnetism |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| PERRAULT, CHARLES | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1697 |
French writer of fairy tales - Cinderella |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| PERRY, COMMODORE MATTHEW | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1854 |
Via Treaty of Kanagawa - negotiator |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| PERRY, OLIVER HAZARD | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 |
Via War of 1812 - Hero of Lake Erie |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| PERU, SOUTH AMERICA | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1824 |
Via Bolivar - gains independence |
History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| PERUGINO, PIETRO | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1486 |
Via Raphael - Umbrian artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| PESTALOZZI, JOHANN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1780 |
Via Rousseau - Swiss educator |
Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| PETER I OF RUSSIA, THE GREAT | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1689 | Tsar of Russia 1682-1725 | History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| PETER THE HERMIT | WILLIAM II (W2) 1087-1100 |
1095 |
Via First Crusade - People's Crusade |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| PETERLOO MASSACRE, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1819 | Demand for parliamentary reform | History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| PETRA, THE ANCIENT CITY OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 |
Via Burckhardt - discovery of red city |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| PETRARCH, FRANCESCO | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1330 |
Italian poet and humanist - Songbook |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| PETRIE, SIR FLINDERS | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 | Eng. archaeologist & Egyptologist | Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| PETRUCCI, OTTAVIANO | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1501 |
Via Josquin des Prez - printer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| PETZVAL, JOZSEF MISKA | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1841 |
Via Daguerre - Hung.mathematician |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| PEURBACH, GEORG VON | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1450 |
Via Regiomontanus - astronomer |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1787 | Draws up USA constitution | History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| PHILIP II OF SPAIN | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1580 |
Via Alcantara, Battle of - 1556-1598 |
History (HY) | SPAIN (SPA) | MENU |
| PHILIP IV OF FRANCE | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1302 |
Via Boniface VIII - running dispute |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| PHILIPPA OF HAINAUT, QUEEN | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1346 |
Via Burghers of Calais |
History (HY) | HUNDRED YEARS WAR (HYW) 1339-1453 |
MENU |
| PHILLIP, ARTHUR | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1788 |
Via Botany Bay - naval captain |
History (HY) | AUSTRALIA (AUS) | MENU |
| PHIPS, SIR WILLIAM | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1690 |
Via King William's War - Canada |
History (HY) | GRAND ALLIANCE (WGA) 1688-1697 |
MENU |
| PHNOM PENH, THE CITY OF | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1434 | New capital for the Khmer empire | History (HY) | SOUTHEAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| PHOENIX PARK MURDERS, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1882 | The killing of two British ministers | History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| PHYSIOCRATS, THE SCHOOL OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1758 |
Via Quesnay - School of economists |
Economics (EC) | XNA | MENU |
| PIAZZI, GIUSEPPE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1801 |
Via Bode - Italian astronomer |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| PICCINNI, NICCOLO | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1762 |
Via Gluck - Italian composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| PIERO DELLA FRANCESCA | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1452 | Italian artist - Arrezo frescoes | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| PIERO DI COSIMO | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1481 |
Via Sistine Chapel - Florentine artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| PIGALLE, JEAN-BAPTISTE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1776 |
Via Voltaire - French sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| PILGRIM FATHERS, THE | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1620 |
Puritans to America - The Mayflower |
History (HY) | NORTH AMERICA (NAM) | MENU |
| PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE, THE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1536 | Revolt v dissolution of monasteries | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| PILLNITZ, THE DECLARATION OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1791 |
Via Flight to Varennes-Austria/Prussia |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| PINEL, PHILIPPE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1793 |
Via Bichat - treatment of insane |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| PINERO, ARTHUR WING | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1893 |
Via Shaw - English playwright |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| PINKIE, THE BATTLE OF | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1547 | English defeat the Scots | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| PINTORICCHIO | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1492 |
Via Raphael - Italian artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| PINZON, VICENTE YANEZ | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1499 |
Via Cabral - Spanish explorer - Brazil |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| PIQUE, MONSIEUR DE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1808 |
Via Blanchard - duel by balloon |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| PIRACY AT SEA | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1701 |
Via Kidd - through the ages |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| PIRANESI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1756 |
Via Pompeii - Italian engraver |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| PISA, THE COUNCIL OF | HENRY IV (H4) 1399-1413 |
1409 | Schism ends up with three Popes! | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| PISANELLO (ANTONIO PISANO) | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1452 |
Via Piero della Francesca - It.artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| PISANO, ANDREA | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1336 |
Via Giotto's Tower - Italian sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| PISANO, NICOLA AND GIOVANNI | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1307 |
Via Giotto - Italian sculptors |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| PISSARRO, CAMILLE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1874 | French artist - Impressionism | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| PITCAIRNE, ARCHIBALD | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1701 |
Via Boerhaave - Scottish physician |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| PITMAN, ISAAC | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1837 |
Via Snippets - shorthand system |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| PITT DIAMOND, THE | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1702 |
Via Jahan - bought by Thomas Pitt |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| PITT RIVERS, GENERAL AUGUSTUS | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via Petrie-Eng.amateur archaeologist |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| PITT, THOMAS | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1702 |
Via Jahan - the Pitt diamond |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| PITT, WILLIAM, THE ELDER | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1756 | Brit. political leader in Seven Yrs War | History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| PITT, WILLIAM, THE YOUNGER | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1783 | PM GBR 1783-1801 & UK 1804-6 | History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| PIUS II, POPE | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1460 |
Via Fall of Constantinople - crusade |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| PIUS IV, POPE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1559 |
Via Snippets - lists prohibited books |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| PIUS IX, POPE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 |
Via Italian Unification - The Vatican |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| PIUS VI, POPE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1799 |
Via Pius VII- imprisoned by Napoleon |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| PIUS VII, POPE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1814 | Returns to Rome-revives Jesuit Order | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| PIZARRO, FRANCISCO | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1533 | Sp.soldier overthrows Inca Empire | History (HY) | INCAS (INC) | MENU |
| PLANCK, MAX | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1899 |
Via Marconi - German physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| PLANTAGENETS, THE | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1154 | To King Richard II 1399 | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| PLASSEY, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1757 | British victory over French in India | History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| PLAYFAIR, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1802 |
Via Hutton - Scottish geologist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| PLEIADE, LA | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1549 |
Via Du Bellay - group of French poets |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| PLIMSOLL, SAMUEL | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1876 |
Via Reade - intro of plimsoll line |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| PLYMOUTH BRETHREN, THE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1831 |
Via Oxford Movement - religious sect |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| POCAHONTAS | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1616 |
Via Jamestown -Indian princess |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| POCOCK, NICHOLAS | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1794 |
Via Robespierre - English artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| POE, EDGAR ALLAN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1841 | American writer of horror stories | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| POET LAUREATE, THE | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1616 |
Via Jonson - regarded as the first |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| POETS' CORNER, WESTMINSTER ABBEY | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1599 |
Via Spenser - opening of corner |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| POINTILLISM (or DIVISIONISM) | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via Seurat - colouring technique |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| POISSON, SIMEON-DENIS | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1820 |
Via Oersted - French mathematician |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| POITIERS, THE BATTLE OF | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1356 |
Via Black Prince - victory over French |
History (HY) | HUNDRED YEARS WAR (HYW) 1339-1453 |
MENU |
| POLAND - THE FINAL PARTITION | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1795 | By Austria, Russia and Prussia | History (HY) | POLAND (POL) | MENU |
| POLAND, THE KINGDOM OF | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1831 |
Via Uprisings in Europe - put down |
History (HY) | POLAND (POL) | MENU |
| POLIDORI, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1819 |
Via Mary Shelley - The Vampyre |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| POLISH SUCCESSION, WAR OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1733 | Russia/Austria v France/Spain | History (HY) | POLAND (POL) | MENU |
| POLITIAN, ANGELO | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1475 |
Via Lorenzo the Magnificent - poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| POLTAVA, BATTLE OF | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1709 | Russians defeat Swedes | History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| POMPEII - EXCAVATION BEGINS | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1748 | Roman city - buried in 79 AD | Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| POMPEII, ROMAN CITY OF | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1592 | Discovered after being buried 79 AD | Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| PONCE DE LEON, JUAN | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1513 |
Via Balboa - discovers Florida |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| PONCHIELLI, AMILCARE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1876 |
Via Puccini - Italian composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| PONTIAC, CHIEF | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1763 | Indian rebellion in North America | History (HY) | NORTH AMERICA (NAM) | MENU |
| PONTIAC'S WAR | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1763 | Indian rebellion in North America | History (HY) | NORTH AMERICA (NAM) | MENU |
| POOR LAW OF 1834, THE BRITISH | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1834 |
Via Reform Bill - workhouses built |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| POPE, ALEXANDER | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1728 |
English poet and satirist - The Dunciad |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| POPISH PLOT IN ENGLAND, THE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1678 | Fabricated by Titus Oates v RCs | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| POPOV, ALEXANDER | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via Marconi - Russian physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| PORCELAIN, CHINESE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1682 | During Chi'ang Dynasty | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| PORT ARTHUR MASSACRE, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via First Sino-Japanese War |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| PORTEOUS RIOTS, THE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1736 | Riots in Edinburgh - by Jacobites? | History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| PORTLAND CEMENT, MAKING OF | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1824 |
Via Snippets - by Joseph Aspdin |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| PORTLAND VASE, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1845 |
Via Snippets - repair of Roman vase |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| PORTO NOVO, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1781 |
Via Anglo-Mysore Wars - Brit.victory |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| PORTUGAL | STEPHEN (ST) 1135-1154 |
1139 | Independence gained from Spain | History (HY) | PORTUGAL (POR) | MENU |
| POST-IMPRESSIONISM | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1881 |
Via Van Gogh - French art movement |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| POTEMKIN, GRIGORY | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1762 |
Via Catherine II - soldier/statesman |
History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| POTT, PERCIVALL | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1779 |
Via Morgagni - English surgeon |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| POTTIER, EUGENE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 |
Via Internationale - French socialist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| POULSON, VALDEMAR | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1900 |
Via Edison - Danish engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| POUNDS, JOHN | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1802 |
Via Shaftsbury - free schooling |
Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| POUSSIN, NICOLAS | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1640 | French baroque artist to Louis XIII | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| POWER, HARRY | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 |
Via Ned Kelly - Australian outlaw |
History (HY) | AUSTRALIA (AUS) | MENU |
| POYNINGS' LAW | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1495 | The English take control of Ireland | History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| POYNINGS, SIR EDWARD | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1494 |
Via Poynings' Law - sent to Ireland |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| PRADO MUSEUM, MADRID | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1819 |
Via Snippets - opened to the public |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| PRAETORIUS, MICHAEL | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1620 | German composer and music theorist | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| PRAGMATIC SANCTION | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1740 |
Via War of Austrian Succession |
History (HY) | AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION (WAS) 1740-1748 |
MENU |
| PRAGUE, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1866 |
Via Austro-Prussian War - settlement |
History (HY) | AUSTRO-PRUSSIAN WAR (APW) June/July 1866 |
MENU |
| PRAT, ARTURO | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 |
Via War of Pacific - Chilean captain |
History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| PREECE, WILLIAM HENRY | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1889 |
Via Marconi - Welsh inventor |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| PRE-RAPHAELITES, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 | Art movement-stressing spiritual values | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| PRESCOTT, SAMUEL | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1775 |
Via Paul Revere - ride to Lexington |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| PRESSBURG, THE TREATY OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1805 |
Via Austerlitz - Austria humiliated |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| PRESTER JOHN | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1314 |
Via John XXII - legendary Xn prince |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| PRESTON, THE BATTLE OF | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1648 | Cromwell defeats the Scots | History (HY) | ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (ECW) 1642-1651 |
MENU |
| PRESTON, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1715 |
Via The Fifteen - Jacobites defeated |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| PRESTONPANS, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1745 |
Via Bonnie Prince Charlie - victory |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| PRETORIA, THE CONVENTION OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1881 |
Via First Anglo-Boer War - settlement |
History (HY) | ANGLO-BOER WAR (1ST) (FBW) 1880-1881 |
MENU |
| PRETORIUS, ANDREAS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1838 |
Via Battle of Blood River- Boer leader |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| PRETORIUS, MARTHINUS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1856 |
Via Transvaal - elected president |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| PREVEZA, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1538 |
Via Suleyman-defeat of Holy League |
History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| PREVOST, ABBE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1731 |
Via Henry Fielding - French novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| PRIAM TREASURE, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1873 |
Via Schliemann - from Troy |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| PRICE, RICHARD | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1776 |
Via Boston Tea Party - philosopher |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| PRICE, SIR UVEDALE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1794 |
Via Repton - picturesque landscape |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| PRIESTLEY, JOSEPH | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1774 | English chemist - discovers oxygen | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| PRINCE ALBERT | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1851 |
Via Great Exhibition- Queen's Consort |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| PRINCE OF WALES, THE | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1301 |
Via Wales - title instituted by E1 |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| PRINCE REGENT, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1811 | To 1820 - George IV 1820-1830 | History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| PRINGLE, JOHN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1752 |
Via James Lind - Scottish physician |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| PRIOR, MATTHEW | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1713 |
Via Treaty of Utrecht - English poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| PRITCHARD, THOMAS | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1770 |
Via Darby III - English architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| PROHIBITED BOOKS - PAPAL DECREE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1559 |
Via Snippets-issued by Pope Pius IV |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| PROUDHON, PIERRE-JOSEPH | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1846 |
Via Marx - French social philosopher |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| PROUST, JOSEPH LOUIS | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1794 |
Via Berthollet - French chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| PROVISIONS OF OXFORD, THE | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1258 | Baronial check on royal power | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| PRZHEVALSKI, NICOLAI | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 |
Via Stanley - Russian explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| PUCCINI, GIACOMO | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 |
Italian opera composer - La Bohème |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| PUEBLO PEOPLE, THE | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1300 | Abandon cliff houses in New Mexico | History (HY) | NORTH AMERICA (NAM) | MENU |
| PUGACHEV, YEMELIAN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1773 | Leader of serf revolt in Russia | History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| PUGIN, AUGUSTUS CHARLES | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1808 |
Via Rowlandson - Anglo-French artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| PUGIN, AUGUSTUS WELBY | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1840 |
Via Snippets - English architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| PULLMAN, GEORGE M. | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
Via Snippets - invents the sleeping car |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| PUNCH, THE PERIODICAL | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1841 |
Via Snippets - Eng.periodical founded |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| PURCELL, HENRY | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1689 |
English composer - Dido & Aeneas |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| PUSEY, EDWARD BOUVERIE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1833 |
Via Oxford Movement - leader |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| PUSHKIN, ALEKSANDR | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1831 |
Russian poet/novelist - Eugene Onegin |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| PYM, JOHN | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1640 |
Via Long Parliament - reformist MP |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| PYONGYANG, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via First Sino-Japanese War |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| PYRAMIDS, THE BATTLE OF THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1798 | Napoleon gains control of Egypt | History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| PYRENEES, TREATY OF THE | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1659 | Ends war between France and Spain | History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| Q | ||||||
| QUAKERS, THE (Society of Friends) | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1650 | Puritan movement - George Fox | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| QUATRE BRAS, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 |
Via Hundred Days - indecisive result |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| QUEBEC ACT, THE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1774 | Safeguards for Roman Catholics | History (HY) | CANADA (CAN) | MENU |
| QUEBEC, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1759 | British gain control over Canada | History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| QUEEN ANNE'S WAR | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1702 |
Via War of Spanish Succession |
History (HY) | SPANISH SUCCESSION (WSS) 1701-1714 |
MENU |
| QUEENSBURY RULES, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1866 |
Via Snippets-boxing's governing rules |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| QUEENSBURY, THE MARQUIS OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via Oscar Wilde - sued for libel |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| QUEENSLAND GOLD RUSH, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1882 |
Via Witwatersrand - Mount Morgan |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| QUEENSTON HEIGHTS, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 |
Via War of 1812 - British victory |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| QUESNAY, FRANCOIS | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1758 |
Via David Hume - French economist |
Economics (EC) | XNA | MENU |
| QUESNEL, PASQUIER | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1713 |
Via Jansenism - French theologian |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| QUIBERON BAY, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1759 |
Via Seven Yrs War - defeat of French |
History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| QUILLER-COUCH, ARTHUR | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1887 |
Via Stevenson - English writer/critic |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| QUINAULT, PHILIPPE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1672 |
Via Lully - French librettist |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| QUINTANA, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1878 |
Via Kaffir Wars - defeat of Xhosa |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| QUIROS, PEDRO FERNANDEZ de | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1606 | Spanish explorer - New Hebrides | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| R | ||||||
| R.S.P.C.A. | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1824 |
Via Snippets - protection of animals |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| RABELAIS, FRANCOIS | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1534 |
Fr. satirical writer - Life of Gargantua |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| RACINE, JEAN | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1667 |
Fr. dramatist-tragedies - Andromaque |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| RADCLIFFE, ANN | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1794 |
Via Blake - English terror novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| RADISHCHEV, ALEKSANDRA | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1790 |
Via Catherine II - Russian author |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| RAEBURN, HENRY | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1814 |
Via Scott - Scottish portraitist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| RAFFLES, THOMAS STAMFORD | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1819 | East India Company - Singapore | History (HY) | SOUTHEAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| RAGLAN, LORD | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1854 |
Via Balaclava - British commander |
History (HY) | CRIMEAN WAR (CRW) 1853-1856 |
MENU |
| RAIKES, ROBERT | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1780 |
Via Snippets - first Sunday School |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| RAKOCZI, FERENC II | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1703 | Hungarian leader v Habsburgs | History (HY) | HUNGARY (HUN) | MENU |
| RALEIGH, WALTER | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1585 | English seaman and adventurer | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| RAMBOUILLET, MARQUISE DE | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1630 |
Via Descartes - major literary salon |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| RAMEAU, JEAN PHILIPPE | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1722 |
Via Vivaldi - French composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| RAMILLIES, THE BATTLE OF | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1706 | Allied victory over French | History (HY) | SPANISH SUCCESSION (WSS) 1701-1714 |
MENU |
| RAMSAY, ALLAN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1739 |
Via Hogarth - Scotish portrait painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| RAMSAY, WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via Curies - Scottish chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| RANCAGUA, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1814 |
Via O'Higgins-Chilean rebels defeated |
History (HY) | CHILE (CHL) | MENU |
| RANCE, ARMAND DE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1662 |
Via Trappists - new code of conduct |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| RANJIT SINGH | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1801 |
Via Koh-I-noor diamond - Sikh ruler |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| RANULF DE GLANVILLE | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1180 | Chief Minister to Henry II -1180-1189 | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| RAPHAEL, SANZIO | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1508 |
Brilliant Italian artist - School of Athens |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| RAPP, GEORGE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1814 |
Via Owen - German religious leader |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| RASPE, RUDOLPH | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1785 |
Via Snippets-Tales about Munchausen |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| RASTATT, THE TREATY OF | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1714 |
Via Utrecht - Emperor makes peace |
History (HY) | SPANISH SUCCESSION (WSS) 1701-1714 |
MENU |
| RAUCH, CHRISTIAN DANIEL | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1830 |
Via Snippets - German sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| RAUCOUX, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1746 |
Via Fontenoy- another French victory |
History (HY) | AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION (WAS) 1740-1748 |
MENU |
| RAWLINSON, HENRY CRESWICKE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1849 |
Via Layard - English orientalist |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| RAY, JOHN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1704 |
Via Linnaeus - English botanist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| RAYDANIYAH, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1517 |
Via Selim l - defeat of the Mamluks |
History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| RAYLEIGH, LORD | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via Ramsay - English physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| RAZIN, STENKA | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1670 |
Via Tsar Alexis - leader of serf revolt |
History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| READE, CHARLES | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1861 |
Via Eliot, English humanist writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| REASON, THE AGE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1751 |
Via Denis Diderot - Encyclopedie |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| REAUMUR, RENE ANTOINE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1734 |
Via Linnaeus - French entomologist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| REBECCA RIOTS, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 |
Via Chartism - in south-west Wales |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| RECAMIER, MADAME DE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 |
Via Austen - influential French salon |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| RECONSTRUCTION, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
Via the confederate surrender |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| RED CRESCENT, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 |
Via Battle of Solferino - Muslem |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| RED CROSS - GENEVA | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1864 | International Committee established | Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| RED CROSS, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 |
Via Battle of Solferino - J.H. Dunant |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| REDON, ODILON | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 |
Via Munch - French painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| REFORM LEAGUE, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
Via Second Reform Act - agitation |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| REFORMATION IN EUROPE, THE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1517 | Protest movement against RC Church | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| REFORMATION, THE ENGLISH | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1534 |
Via Cromwell, Thomas - finalized |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| REGENCY STYLE, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1811 |
Via Nash - architectural style |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| REGIOMONTANUS | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1474 | German astronomer & mathematician | Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| REICHENBACH, KARL VON | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1832 |
Via Snippets - German scientist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| REICHSTADT, THE DUKE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1818 |
Via Waterloo - son of Napoleon |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| REIGN OF TERROR - FRANCE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1793 | Ten months throughout France | History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| REIS, JOHANN PHILIPP | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1872 |
Via Bell- German inventor of telephone |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| REMBRANDT VAN RIJN | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1642 | Dutch portrait artist-etchings/drawings | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| REMINGTON, FREDERIC | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 |
Via Spanish-American War - artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| REMINGTON, PHILO | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1873 |
Via Twain - invents workable typewriter |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| RENAISSANCE, THE | HENRY V (H5) 1413-1422 |
1420 | The beginnings - in Florence | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| RENNIE, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1817 |
Via Nash - Scottish engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| RENO, MAJOR MARCUS | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1876 |
Via Battle of The Little Bighorn |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| RENOIR, PIERRE-AUGUSTE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1872 | French impressionist painter | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| REPEAL OF CORN LAWS, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1846 |
Via Great Potato Famine, Ireland |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| REPIN, ILYA | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1885 |
Via Mussorgsky - Russian artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| REPTON, HUMPHRY | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1806 |
Via Nash - English landscape artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| REPUBLICAN CALENDAR, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1792 |
Via Valmy - in France until 1805 |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| RESACA DE LA PALMA, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1846 |
Via Mexican War - U.S. victory |
History (HY) | MEXICO (MEX) | MENU |
| RESPIGHI, OTTORINO | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1919 |
Via Rossini - Italian composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| RESTORATION OF THE MONARCHY | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1660 | Return of English monarchy - C2 | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| RETREAT FROM MOSCOW, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 | The defeat of Napoleon's army | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| RETZ, CARDINAL DE | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1655 |
Via Princely Fronde - Memoires |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| REUTER, PAUL | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1851 |
Via Morse - world news service |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| REVERE, PAUL | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1775 |
Via Battle of Lexington - midnight ride |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| REVETT, NICHOLAS | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1762 |
Via Adam - English architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| REVOLUTIONARY WARS, FRENCH | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1792 | The Beginning - The Battle of Valmy | History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| REVOLUTIONS, THE YEAR OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 | Series of European rebellions | History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| REYNAUD, EMILE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1890 |
Via Motion Pictures - French scientist |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| REYNOLDS, JOSHUA | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1768 | English portrait artist - R.A. of Arts | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| RHENS, THE DECLARATION OF | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1338 | Restriction of papal power | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| RHETICUS, GEORG JOACHIM | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1543 |
Via Copernicus - Austrian astronomer |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| RHODES SCHOLARSHIPS | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1903 |
Via Rhodes - Oxford University |
Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| RHODES, CECIL | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1889 | British entrepreneur and imperialist | History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| RHODES, FATHER ALEXANDRE DE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1620 |
Via French Indochina - missionary |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| RHODESIA, THE STATE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via First Matabele War - established |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| RHUDDLAN, THE STATUTE OF | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1284 |
Via Wales - Principality established |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| RICARDO, DAVID | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1817 | English economist - Law of Wages | Economics (EC) | XNA | MENU |
| RICCI, MATTEO | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1583 | Jesuit missionary works in China | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| RICHARD I OF ENGLAND | RICHARD I (R1) 1189-1199 |
1189 | To 1199 - takes part in 3rd Crusade | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| RICHARD II OF ENGLAND | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1377 | To 1399 - The Peasants' Revolt | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| RICHARD III OF ENGLAND | RICHARD III (R3) 1483-1485 |
1483 | To 1485 - killed at Battle of Bosworth | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| RICHARDSON, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1832 |
Via Pontiac's War - Canadian writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| RICHARDSON, SAMUEL | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1748 |
Via Henry Fielding - English novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| RICHELIEU, CARDINAL | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1624 | First minister to Fr. king Louis XIII | History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| RICHTER, HANS | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1876 |
Via Wagner - Hungarian conductor |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| RICORDI, GIULIO | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via Puccini - Italian publisher |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| RIDLEY, NICHOLAS | MARY I (M1) 1553-1558 |
1555 | English bishop - Protestant martyr | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| RIDOLFI PLOT, THE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1571 |
Via Babington Plot - RC conspiracy |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| RIEBEECK, JAN VAN | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1652 |
Via Cape Town - Dutch leader |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| RIEL, LOUIS | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1869 |
Via British N.America Act - rebel |
History (HY) | CANADA (CAN) | MENU |
| RIESENER, JEAN HENRI | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1774 | German cabinetmaker to the king | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| RIGAUD, HYACINTHE | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1701 |
Via Kneller - French portrait artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| RIMBAUD, ARTHUR | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 |
Via Hugo - French poet - surrealism |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| RIMPA SCHOOL OF ART | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1603 |
Via Ieyasu Tokugawa - Japanese |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| RIMSKY-KORSAKOV, NIKOLAI | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1888 | Russian composer - The Mighty Five | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| RIO SALADO, THE BATTLE OF | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1340 | Moors defeated by Christian army | History (HY) | MOORS (MOO) | MENU |
| RISORGIMENTO | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 |
Via 1848 - re. Italian unification |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| RITTER, ALEXANDER | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 |
Via Strauss - German composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| RIVOLI, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1796 |
Via Campo Formio - French victory |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| RIZZIO, DAVID | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1566 |
Via Mary Qn of Scots - secretary |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| ROB ROY (ROBERT MacGREGOR) | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1715 |
Via Fifteen Rebellion- Scottish outlaw |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| ROBBIA, ANDREA DELLA | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1466 |
Via Florence - Italian sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ROBBIA, LUCA DELLA | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1438 |
Via Florence - Florentine sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ROBERT BROTHERS, THE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1783 |
Via Charles - French engineers |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| ROBERT DE CHAMPAGNE | WILLIAM II (W2) 1087-1100 |
1098 |
Via Cistercians - founder of order |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| ROBERT DE COMINES | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1069 |
Via Harrowing - Killing of Norman Earl |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| ROBERT DE SORBON | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1253 |
Via Paris University - the Sorbonne |
Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| ROBERT, DUKE OF NORMANDY | WILLIAM II (W2) 1087-1100 |
1095 |
Via First Crusade - son of William I |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| ROBERT, HUBERT | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1766 |
Via Fragonard-Fr.artist- Roman ruins |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ROBERT, LOUIS | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1798 |
Via Snippets - French paper maker |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| ROBERTS, GENERAL SIR FREDRICK | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1880 |
Via Second Anglo-Afghan War |
History (HY) | AFGHANISTAN (AFG) | MENU |
| ROBERTS, RICHARD | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1825 |
Via Industrial Rev - Welsh inventor |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| ROBESPIERRE, MAXIMILIEN | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1794 | Executed - leader in Reign of Terror | History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| ROBIN HOOD | RICHARD I (R1) 1189-1199 |
1189 |
Via Richard I - Sherwood legend |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| ROBINSON, HENRY CRABB | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1808 |
Via Peninsular War - first war reporter |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| ROCOCO ART FORM OR STYLE | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1717 |
Via Watteau - light and frivolous |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ROCROI, THE BATTLE OF | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1643 |
Via Thirty Yrs War- Spanish defeated |
History (HY) | THIRTY YEARS WAR (TYW) 1618-1648 |
MENU |
| RODIN, AUGUSTE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1886 |
French famous sculptor - The Kiss |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| RODRIGO DE TRIANA | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1492 |
Via Columbus - sights New World |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| ROEBUCK, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1762 |
Via Watt - Eng. Ironmaster/inventor |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| ROENTGEN, DAVID | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1779 |
Via Riesener - German cabinet maker |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ROENTGEN, WILHELM | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 | German physicist - discovers X-rays | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| ROGER II (GUISCARD) | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1130 | Crowned king of Sicily | History (HY) | SICILY (SIC) | MENU |
| ROGERS, CAPTAIN WOODES | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1709 |
Via Selkirk - commands rescue ship |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| ROGGEVEEN, JACOB | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1722 | Dutch Explorer- visits Easter Island | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| ROLAND, MADAME MARIE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1793 |
Via Reign of Terror - price of liberty |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| ROMAGNOSI, GIAN DOMENICO | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1802 |
Via Oersted - Italian jurist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| ROMAN, JOHAN HELMICH | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1744 |
Via Handel - "The Swedish Handel" |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| ROMANESQUE STYLE | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1075 |
Via Tower of London - Norman style |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| ROMANIA, KINGDOM OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 | Union of Moldavia and Wallachia | History (HY) | ROMANIA (ROM) | MENU |
| ROMANTICISM | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1807 |
Via Wordsworth - literature/art/music |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| ROME, THE SACK OF | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1527 |
Via Pavia - by Habsburg troops |
History (HY) | ITALIAN WARS (ITW) 1494-1559 |
MENU |
| ROMER, OLE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1676 |
Via Cassini - Dutch astronomer |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| ROMNEY, GEORGE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1783 |
Via Lady Hamilton - Eng. portraitist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ROMONOV DYNASTY, THE | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1613 | Rulers of Russia until 1917 | History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| ROMONOV, MICHAEL | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1613 | Tsar of Russia - first of the Romonovs | History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| RONSARD, PIERRE DE | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1549 |
Via Du Bellay - leader of La Pleiade |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| ROOD, OGDEN | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via Seurat - American physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| ROOKE, SIR GEORGE | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1704 |
Via Gibraltar - Admiral in command |
History (HY) | SPANISH SUCCESSION (WSS) 1701-1714 |
MENU |
| ROOSEVELT, THEODORE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 |
Via Spanish-American War |
History (HY) | CUBA (CUB) | MENU |
| RORKE'S DRIFT, BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 |
Via Anglo-Zulu War - famous stand |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| ROSAS, JUAN MANUEL DE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1835 |
Via Argentina - military dictator |
History (HY) | ARGENTINA (ARG) | MENU |
| ROSETTA STONE, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1799 |
Via Battle of Pyramids - ancient script |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| ROSKILDE, THE TREATY OF | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1658 |
Via Charles X - Swedish victory |
History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| ROSS, BETSY | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1776 |
Via Saratoga Battles - American flag |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| ROSS, JAMES CLARK | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1831 | English explorer - Arctic & Antarctic | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| ROSS, JOHN | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1831 | Scottish explorer - Arctic | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| ROSS, JOHN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1838 |
Via Trail of Tears - native leader |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| ROSS, RONALD | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 |
Via Panama Canal - British physician |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| ROSSBACH, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1757 |
Via Seven Yrs War - Prussian victory |
History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| ROSSELLI, COSIMO | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1481 |
Via Sistine Chapel - Florentine artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ROSSELLINO, BERNARDO | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1447 |
Via Ghiberti - Florentine artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ROSSETTI, CHRISTINA | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1862 |
Via Carroll - English writer and poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| ROSSETTI, DANTE GABRIEL | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 |
Via English Pre-Raphaelites |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ROSSINI, GIOACCHINO | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1816 |
Italian composer - The Barber of Seville |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| ROSSO, MEDARDO | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via Rodin - Italian sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ROSTAND, EDMOND | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1897 |
Fr.dramatist- Cyrano de Bergerac |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| ROUBILIAC, LOUIS FRANCOIS | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1728 |
Via James Gibbs - French sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ROUSSEAU, HENRI | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1891 |
Via Toulouse-Lautrec - French artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ROUSSEAU, JEAN JACQUES | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1762 |
Fr.social philosopher - Social Contract |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| ROUSSEAU, THEODORE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1857 |
Via Barbizon School - French painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ROUX, PIERRE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1889 |
Via Pasteur - French bacteriologist |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| ROWE, NICHOLAS | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1715 |
Via Edward VI - English dramatist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| ROWLANDSON, THOMAS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1808 |
Via Trevithick - English caricaturist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ROYAL ACADEMY OF ARTS, LONDON | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1768 |
Via Reynolds - founded by George III |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ROYAL CHELSEA HOSPITAL, LONDON | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1681 |
Via Snippets - "Chelsea Pensioners" |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| ROYAL INSTITUTION, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1800 |
Via Rumford - advance of science |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| ROYAL REGATTA, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 |
Via Snippets - first, held at Henley |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| ROYAL SOCIETY OF ENGLAND | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1662 | To encourage scientific learning | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| ROZIER, PILATRE DE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1783 |
Via Montgolfier Brothers - first flight |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| RUBENS, PETER PAUL | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1611 | Flemish painter - Baroque artist | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| RUBINSTEIN, ANTON & NIKOLAI | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1862 |
Via Tchaikovsky- Russian conductors |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| RUDE, FRANCOIS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1806 |
Via Arc de Triomphe- French sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| RUDOLF I, KING OF GERMANY | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1282 |
Via Habsburgs - first of the dynasty |
History (HY) | AUSTRIA (AUT) | MENU |
| RUDYARD, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1709 |
Via Smeaton - Eddystone lighthouse |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| RUEIL, THE PEACE OF | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1649 |
Via Parliamentary Fronde - settlement |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| RUGBY SCHOOL | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1567 |
Via Thomas Arnold - public school |
Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| RUGBY, THE GAME OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1823 |
Via Arnold - begun at Rugby School |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| RUGEN, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1864 |
Via Second Schleswig War - at sea |
History (HY) | DENMARK (DEN) | MENU |
| RUISDAEL, JACOB | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1671 | Leading Dutch landscape artist | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| RUIZ DE ALARCON, JUAN | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1634 |
Via Corneille, Spanish dramatist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| RUMFORD MEDAL, THE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1796 |
Via Royal Society - scientific award |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| RUMFORD, COUNT | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1798 |
Via Lagrange - British physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| RUNGE, PHILIPP OTTO | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1805 |
Via Grimm Bros - German illustrator |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| RUPERT, PRINCE | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1644 |
Via Marston Moor - Royalist leader |
History (HY) | ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (ECW) 1642-1651 |
MENU |
| RUSKIN, JOHN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1843 |
Via Turner - English art critic |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| RUSSELL, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 |
Via Snippets - breed of terrier |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| RUSSELL, WILLIAM HOWARD | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1855 |
Via Nightingale - war correspondent |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| RUSSIA - BATTLE OF KULIKOVO | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1380 | Early beginnings of Russian state | History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| RUSSIAN IMPERIAL BALLET SCHOOL | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1738 |
Via Snippets - founded St.Petersburg |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| RUSSO-TURKISH WAR, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1877 | Russia advances on Istanbul | History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| RUSTICHELLO OF PISA | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1296 |
Via Marco Polo - Italian writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| RUTHERFORD, ERNEST | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1899 |
Via Curies - N.Z. physicist - the atom |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| RUYTER, ADMIRAL de | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1667 |
Via 2nd Anglo-Dutch War-commander |
History (HY) | NETHERLANDS (NET) | MENU |
| RYE HOUSE PLOT, THE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1683 | Plot to murder Charles II and brother | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| RYSBRACK, JOHN MICHAEL | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1728 |
Via James Gibbs - Flemish sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| RYSWICK, THE TREATY OF | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1697 | Settlement-Louis XIV & Grand Alliance | History (HY) | GRAND ALLIANCE (WGA) 1688-1697 |
MENU |
| S | ||||||
| SABATINI, RAFAEL | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1915 |
Via Kidd - Italian writer - Sea Hawk |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SACHEVERELL, HENRY | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1709 |
Via Anne - Ardent English Tory preacher |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| SACHS, HANS | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1520 |
Via Luther - German meistersinger |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| SACK OF ROME, THE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1527 |
Via Pavia - by Habsburg troops |
History (HY) | ITALIAN WARS (ITW) 1494-1559 |
MENU |
| SACY, SILVESTRE DE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1802 |
Via Rosetta Stone - decipherer |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| SADOWA, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1866 |
Via Austro-Prussian War |
History (HY) | AUSTRO-PRUSSIAN WAR (APW) June/July 1866 |
MENU |
| SAFAVID DYNASTY, THE | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1499 | Founded in Iran by Shah Ismail I | History (HY) | IRAN (IRA) | MENU |
| SAIGO, TAKAMORI | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1877 |
Via Satsuma Rebellion - leader |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| SAINT-JUST, LOUIS ANTOINE DE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1794 |
Via Robespierre - revolutionay leader |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| SAINT-PIERRE, ABBE DE | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1713 |
Via Utrecht-idea of peace organisation |
History (HY) | SPANISH SUCCESSION (WSS) 1701-1714 |
MENU |
| SAINT-SAENS, CAMILLE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1877 |
Via Delibes - French composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| SAINT-SIMON, DUC DE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1746 |
Via Versailles - Court Memoires |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SAINT-SIMON, HENRI DE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1818 |
Via Comte - Fr. socialist - atheism |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| SAINTE CHAPELLE, PARIS | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1248 |
Via Louis IX of France - holy relics |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| SAINTE-BEUVE, CHARLES AUGUSTIN | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1848 |
Via Jansenism - French literary critic |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SALADIN, SULTAN OF EGYPT | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1187 | Unites Muslims & captures Jerusalem | Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| SALAMANCA, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 |
Via Peninsular War - British victory |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| SALBAI, THE TREATY OF | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1782 |
Via First Anglo-Maratha War |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| SALDANHA, ANTONIO DE | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1503 |
Via Cape Town - Portuguese explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| SALEM WITCH TRIALS, THE | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1692 | In Massachusetts, North America | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| SALISBURY CATHEDRAL | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1220 | Completed 1266 - Early gothic style | Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| SALISBURY, LORD | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1886 |
Via First Irish Home Rule Bill |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| SALOMON, JOHANN PETER | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1791 |
Via Hayden - London impressario |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| SALON DES REFUSES, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1863 |
Via Manet - for rejected art work |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| SALVATION ARMY, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1875 |
Via Booth - Christian mission |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| SALVI, NICCOLO | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1732 |
Via Snippets - Italian archItect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| SAMURAI, THE | RICHARD I (R1) 1189-1199 |
1192 |
Via Shogunate - military caste |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| SAN JACINTO, THE BATTLE OF | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1836 |
Via Texan War of Independence |
History (HY) | TEXAS (TEX) | MENU |
| SAN MARTIN, JOSE DE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1817 |
Via Chile - rebel leader with O'Higgins |
History (HY) | CHILE (CHL) | MENU |
| SAN STEFANO, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1878 |
Via Berlin Congress of 1878 |
History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| SAND CREEK MASSACRE, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1864 |
Via Gettysburg - by Union forces |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| SAND RIVER CONVENTION, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1852 |
Via Transvaal - Boer independence |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| SAND, GEORGE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1838 |
Via Chopin - French woman novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SANDBY, PAUL | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1790 |
Via Turner - English watercolour artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| SANDHURST MILITARY ACADEMY | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1741 |
Via Snippets - Opens at Woolwich |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| SANDWICH, THE EARL OF | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1725 |
Via Snippets - origin of the sandwich |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| SANSOVINO, JACOPO | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1557 |
Via Tintoretto - Italian architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| SANTA ANNA, ANTONIO LOPEZ DE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1836 |
Via Texan War of Independence |
History (HY) | TEXAS (TEX) | MENU |
| SANTIAGO BAY, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 |
Via Sp.-Am.War - American victory |
History (HY) | CUBA (CUB) | MENU |
| SANTORIO, SANTORIO | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1612 | Italian physician - crude thermometer | Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| SAO MAMEDE, THE BATTLE OF | STEPHEN (ST) 1135-1154 |
1128 |
Via Afonso Henriques - claims throne |
History (HY) | PORTUGAL (POR) | MENU |
| SARAGOSSA | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1118 | Spanish capture city from the Moors | History (HY) | MOORS (MOO) | MENU |
| SARATOGA, THE BATTLES OF | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1777 | American Independence | History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| SARDOU, VICTORIEN | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1887 |
Via Puccini - French dramatist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SARGENT, JOHN SINGER | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1887 |
Via Monet- American portrait painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| SATIE, ERIC | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1888 |
Via Debussy - Fr.pianist/composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| SATSUMA REBELLION, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1877 |
Via Shogunate - revolt of Samurai |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| SAUMAREZ, BARON DE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1801 |
Via Copenhagen - British admiral |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| SAUSSURE, HORACE BENEDICT | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1787 |
Via Mont Blanc - Swiss geologist |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| SAUSSURE, NICOLAS THEODORE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1804 |
Via Lamarck - French chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| SAUTUOLA, MARCELINO DE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 |
Via Altamira - Spanish archaeologist |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| SAVAGE, RICHARD | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1744 |
Via Johnson - English poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SAVART, FELIX | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1820 |
Via Oersted - French physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| SAVERY, THOMAS | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1696 | English engineer - first steam engine | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| SAVONAROLA, GIROLAMA | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1494 | Italian Dominican preacher/reformer | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| SAX, ANTOINE-JOSEPH | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1840 |
Via Snippets - invents the saxophone |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| SAXE, MARSHAL MAURICE DE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1745 |
Via Fontenoy - French commander |
History (HY) | AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION (WAS) 1740-1748 |
MENU |
| SAY, JEAN BAPTISTE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1803 |
Via Ricardo - French economist |
Economics (EC) | XNA | MENU |
| SCALAWAGS | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
Via The Reconstruction - USA |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| SCARLATTI, ALESSANDRO | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1702 |
Via Corelli - Italian composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| SCARLATTI, DOMENICO | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1738 |
Via Handel - Italian composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| SCHARNHORST, GERHARD | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1833 |
Via Clausewitz - Prussian general |
History (HY) | PRUSSIA (PRU) | MENU |
| SCHEELE, CARL WILHELM | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1772 | Sw.chemist - elements & compounds | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| SCHEINER, JULIUS | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1899 |
Via Marconi - German astronomer |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| SCHELLING, FRIEDRICH | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1807 |
Via Hegel - German philosopher |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| SCHEUTZ, GEORG and EDVARD | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1853 |
Via Babbage - Swedish engineers |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| SCHIAPARELLI, GIOVANNI | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1877 | Italian astronomer - Canals on Mars | Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| SCHILLER, FRIEDRICH VON | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1794 | German poet, dramatist, historian | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SCHLEIDEN, MATTHIAS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 |
Via Pasteur - German botanist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| SCHLEIERMACHER, FRIEDRICH | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1799 |
Via Fichte - German theologian |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| SCHLESWIG WAR, THE FIRST | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1848 |
Via Schleswig-Holstein Question |
History (HY) | DENMARK (DEN) | MENU |
| SCHLESWIG WAR, THE SECOND | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1864 | Prussia/Austria defeat Denmark | History (HY) | DENMARK (DEN) | MENU |
| SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN QUESTION | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1864 |
Via Second Schleswig War |
History (HY) | DENMARK (DEN) | MENU |
| SCHLIEMANN, HEINRICH | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1873 | German archaeologist- Troy/Mycenae | Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| SCHOFFER, PETER | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1455 |
Via Gutenberg - printing partner |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| SCHONBRUNN, THE TREATY OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1809 |
Via Wagram- between France/Austria |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| SCHOPENHAUER, ARTHUR | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1818 |
Via Hegel - German philosopher |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| SCHREINER, OLIVE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1897 |
Via Rhodes - South African novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SCHROTER, JOHANN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1800 |
Via Celestial Police - founder member |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| SCHUBERT, FRANZ PETER | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1822 | Austrian composer - 600 songs | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| SCHULZE, JOHANN HEINRICH | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1725 |
Via Niepce - German physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| SCHUMANN, CLARA (Nee Wieck) | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1846 |
Via Schumann - German composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| SCHUMANN, ROBERT | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1846 | German composer/music critic | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| SCHWALBE, GUSTAV | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1897 |
Via Dubois - German anatomist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| SCHWANN, THEODOR | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 |
Via Pasteur - German physiologist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| SCORESBY, THE YOUNGER | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1820 |
Via Lewis and Clark - Arctic region |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| SCORESBY, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1806 |
Via Lewis & Clark - Arctic region |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| SCOTT, GILBERT | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1872 |
Via Prince Albert - memorial |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| SCOTT, SIR WALTER | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1814 |
Scottish novelist - The Waverley Novels |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SCRIBE, EUGENE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1831 |
Via Auber - French librettist |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| SCRIBLERUS CLUB, THE | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1714 |
Via Swift - against pretence/pedantry |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SEACOLE, MARY | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1855 |
Via Nightingale - Jamaican nurse |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| SEBASTIANO DEL PIOMBO | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1531 |
Via Michelangelo - Venetian painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| SECCHI, PIETRO | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1863 |
Via Schiaparelli - Italian astronomer |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| SEDAN, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 |
Via Franco-Prussian War - Fr.defeat |
History (HY) | PRUSSIA (PRU) | MENU |
| SEDGEMOOR, THE BATTLE OF | JAMES II (J2) 1685-1688 |
1685 |
Via Monmouth Rebellion - defeated |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| SEDGWICK, ADAM | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1831 |
Via Darwin - English geologist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| SEILBERLING, FRANK | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 |
Via Auto Industry - American inventor |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| SEKIGAHARA, THE BATTLE OF | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1600 |
Via Tokugawa Ieyasu - victory |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| SELDEN, GEORGE B. | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via Auto Industry- American engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| SELIM I, EMPEROR | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1517 | Ottoman leader - further expansion | History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| SELJUK TURKS, THE | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1071 | Victory at Battle of Manziket | Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| SELKIRK, ALEXANDER | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1704 |
Via Dampier - Robinson Crusoe |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SEMINOLE WAR, THE FIRST | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1817 |
Via Louisiana - US gains Florida |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| SEMINOLE WAR, THE SECOND | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1842 |
Via Trail of Tears - native resistance |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| SEMINOLE WAR, THE THIRD | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1855 |
Via Trail of Tears - native resistance |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| SEMMELWEIS, IGNAZ | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1847 |
Via 1840s - Hungarian physician |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| SENEFELDER, ALOIS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1818 |
Via Goya - German engraver |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| SEPOY REBELLION, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1857 | Also known as the Indian Mutiny | History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| SEURAT, GEORGES | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 | French artist - Pointillism | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| SEVASTOPOL, THE SIEGE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1855 | In the Crimean War 1854-1856 | History (HY) | CRIMEAN WAR (CRW) 1853-1856 |
MENU |
| SEVEN WEEKS' WAR, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1866 | War between Prussia & Austria | History (HY) | AUSTRO-PRUSSIAN WAR (APW) June/July 1866 |
MENU |
| SEVEN YEARS' WAR, THE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1756 | Worldwide conflict - ends 1763 | History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| SEVIGNE, MADAME DE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1671 |
Via Pepys - French letter writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SEVRES PORCELAIN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1756 |
Via Wedgwood - French factory |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| SEWALL, SAMUEL | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1697 |
Via Salem Witch Trials - trial judge |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| SEWARD, WILLIAM H. | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1867 |
Via Alaska - Am.Secretary of State |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| SEWELL, ANNA | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1877 |
Via Blackmore - English author |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SEYMOUR, JANE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1536 | Wives of H8-1536 to her death in1537 | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| SFORZA FAMILY | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1506 |
Via Bramante - leading family in Milan |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| SFORZA, LUDOVICO | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1485 |
Via Brmante - patron of arts |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| SHADWELL, THOMAS | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1678 |
Via Dryden - Eng.playwight/poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SHAFTESBURY, 7th EARL OF | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1832 |
Via Reform Act - English reformer |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| SHAKA, KING | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1817 | Founder of Zulu empire | History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| SHAKESPEARE, WILLIAM | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1599 |
English dramatist - Julius Caesar |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SHANGANI PATROL, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1893 |
Via First Matabele War - overrun |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| SHANGANI, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1893 |
Via First Matabele War - Brit.victory |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| SHARAKU, TOSHUSAI | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1794 |
Via Utamaro - Japanese colour prints |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| SHARP, GRANVILLE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1807 |
Via Abolition of Slave Trade |
History (HY) | AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE (SLT) from c1502 |
MENU |
| SHAW, GEORGE BERNARD | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Irish playwright/critic - Pygmalion |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SHAYS' REBELLION | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1786 |
Via Convention at Philadelphia |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| SHELEKHOV, GRIGORY | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1784 |
Via Bering - Russian merchant |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| SHELLEY, MARY | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1818 |
Via Shelley - writes Frankenstein |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SHELLEY, PERCY BYSSHE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1819 |
English romantic poet - Prometheus |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SHEPPARD, JACK | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1724 |
Via Snippets - English highwayman |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| SHERATON, THOMAS | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1790 | English furniture designer and maker | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| SHERIDAN, RICHARD BRINSLEY | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1775 |
Anglo-Irish dramatist - The Rivals |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SHERIFF, LAWRENCE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1567 |
Via Arnold - founder of Rugby School |
Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| SHERIFFMUIR, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1715 |
Via The Fifteen - drawn battle |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| SHERMAN, GENERAL WILLIAM T. | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1864 |
Via Gettysburg - march to the sea |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| SHEVENINGEN, THE BATTLE OF | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1653 |
Via Anglo-Dutch War - Eng.victory |
History (HY) | NETHERLANDS (NET) | MENU |
| SHILOH, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1862 |
Via Am.Civil War - Union victory |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| SHIMABARA REBELLION, THE | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1637 |
Via Tokugawa - persecution of Xns |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| SHIMONOSEKI, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via First Sino-Japanese War |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| SHIROYAMA, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1877 |
Via Satsuma Rebellion - final battle |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| SHIVAJI | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1664 |
Via Aurangzeb -Leader of Marathas |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| SHOGUNATE - THE BEGINNING | RICHARD I (R1) 1189-1199 |
1192 | Government by hereditary lords | History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| SHOGUNATE - THE END | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 | Reform of Japanese leadership | History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| SHOLES, CHRISTOPHER | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1867 |
Via Twain - invents typewriter |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| SHORE, JOHN | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1711 |
Via Snippets - invents tuning fork |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| SHRAPNEL, LIEUTENANT HENRY | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1783 |
Via Gibraltar - English army officer |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| SHREWSBURY, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY IV (H4) 1399-1413 |
1403 | Defeat of the Percys - Hotspur killed | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| SIAM, THE KINGDOM OF | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1824 |
Via First Anglo-Burmese war |
History (HY) | SOUTHEAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| SIBELIUS, JEAN | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1893 | Finnish composer - Finlandia | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| SIBERIA | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1637 | Russians reach the Pacific coast | History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| SICILIAN VESPERS, THE | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1282 | An uprising against French rule | History (HY) | SICILY (SIC) | MENU |
| SICILY, NORMAN KINGDOM OF | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1071 | Robert Guiscard lays foundation | History (HY) | SICILY (SIC) | MENU |
| SICKERT, WALTER | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1900 |
Via Degas - German-born Eng.artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| SIDDONS, SARAH | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1785 |
Via Gainsborough - English actress |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| SIDNEY, SIR PHILIP | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1595 |
Via Spenser - English poet/diplomat |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SIEGE OF KHARTOUM, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via Anglo-Sudan War - ten months |
History (HY) | SUDAN (SUD) | MENU |
| SIEGE OF PARIS, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 | Prussians gain control of city | History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| SIEMENS, WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1861 |
Via Bessemer - British engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| SIENKIEWICZ, HENRYK | HENRY IV (H4) 1399-1413 |
1900 |
Via Teutonic Order - Polish writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SIERRA LEONE, COLONY OF | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1821 |
Via West Africa - founded by British |
History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| SIGISMUND I, KING OF GERMANY | HENRY V (H5) 1413-1422 |
1417 |
Via Council of Constance - leader |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| SIGNAC, PAUL | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 | French artist - Pointillism | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| SIGNORELLI, LUCA | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1504 |
Via Dante-Frescoes by Umbrian artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| SIKH WAR, THE FIRST | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1845 |
Via First Anglo-Afghan War |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| SIKH WAR, THE SECOND | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 |
Via First Anglo-Afghan War |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| SIKHISM (THE SIKHS) | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1499 | Founded by Sikh Nanak, spiritual ldr. | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| SILESIAN WAR, THE FIRST | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1740 |
Via Austrian Succession - Prussia |
History (HY) | AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION (WAS) 1740-1748 |
MENU |
| SILESIAN WAR, THE SECOND | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1744 |
Via Fontenoy- Prussia attacks Austria |
History (HY) | AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION (WAS) 1740-1748 |
MENU |
| SILHOUETTE, ETIENNE DE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1759 |
Via Snippets - shadow portraits |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| SILK ROAD, THE | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1271 |
Via Marco Polo - ancient trading route |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| SIMA GUANG | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1083 | Chinese scholar re. history of China | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SIMLA MANIFESTO, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1838 |
Via First Anglo-Afghan War |
History (HY) | AFGHANISTAN (AFG) | MENU |
| SIMNEL, LAMBERT | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1497 |
Via Warbeck - Pretender - pardoned |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| SIMPLON PASS, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1807 |
Via Snippets - opened through Alps |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| SIMPSON, JAMES YOUNG | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1847 | Scottish physician - chloroform | Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| SINDH, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1843 |
Via First Anglo-Afghan War - annexed |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| SINGAPORE, THE FOUNDING OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1819 | Founded by Thomas Stamford Raffles | History (HY) | SOUTHEAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| SINGER, ISAAC MERRITT | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1846 |
Via Snippets - sewing machine fame |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| SINO-FRENCH WAR, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via French Indochina - 1884-1885 |
History (HY) | SOUTH EAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| SINO-JAPANESE WAR, THE FIRST | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 | Japan gains control of Korea | History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| SINOPE, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1853 |
Via Crimean War - Russian victory |
History (HY) | CRIMEAN WAR (CRW) 1853-1856 |
MENU |
| SINTRA, THE CONVENTION OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1808 |
Via Peninsular War - French withdraw |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| SISLEY, ALFRED | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1872 | French impressionist painter | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| SISTINE CHAPEL, THE | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1481 | Completed in Vatican Palace, Rome | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| SITTING BULL, CHIEF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1876 |
Via Battle of The Little Bighorn |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| SIXTUS IV, POPE | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1481 |
Via Sistine Chapel - named after |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| SKELTON, JOHN | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1521 |
Via Wolsey - English poet and critic |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SKLADANOWSKY, MAX & EMIL | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via Lumière brothers - film makers |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| SLAVE TRADE - OUTLAWED | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1807 | By Act of British parliament | History (HY) | AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE (SLT) from c1502 |
MENU |
| SLAVE TRADE, THE | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1502 | Beginning of trans-Atlantic slave trade | History (HY) | AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE (SLT) from c1502 |
MENU |
| SLESSOR, MARY | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1875 |
Via Kingsley - African missionary |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| SLOANE, SIR HANS | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1759 |
Via Snippets - art collection |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| SLUYS, THE BATTLE OF | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1340 |
Via Hundred Yrs War - English victory |
History (HY) | HUNDRED YEARS WAR (HYW) 1339-1453 |
MENU |
| SMEATON, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1759 |
Via Abraham Darby III- Eng.engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| SMETANA, BEDRICH | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1866 |
Via Tchaikovsky- Bohemian composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| SMITH, ADAM | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1776 |
Scot.economist - Wealth of Nations |
Economics (EC) | XNA | MENU |
| SMITH, JAMES EDWARD | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1783 |
Via Linnaeus - English botanist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| SMITH, JOHN | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1607 |
Via Jamestown - President 1608-9 |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| SMITH, JOSEPH | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1744 |
Via Canaletto - art collector |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| SMITH, JOSEPH | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1830 |
Via Mormon Church- prophet/founder |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| SMITH, SIR SYDNEY | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1799 |
Via Napoleon - British admiral |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| SMITH, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 | English geologist - rock strata | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| SMITH, WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1882 |
Via Snippets - founds Boys' Brigade |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| SMOLLETT, TOBIAS | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1771 |
Via Sterne - Scottish novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SMUTS, JAN | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 |
Via 2nd Anglo-Boer War - Boer ldr |
History (HY) | ANGLO-BOER WAR (2ND) (SBW) 1899-1902 |
MENU |
| SMYTHE, ROBERT | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via Oscar Wilde - English writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SNELL, WILLEBRORD | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1621 |
Via Kepler - Dutch physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| SNORRI STURLUSON | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1222 |
Via Guillaume de Lorris-Icelandic poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SNYDERS, FRANS | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1611 |
Via Rubens - Dutch animal artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| SOANE, SIR JOHN | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1837 |
Via Snippets - English architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| SOBIESKI, JAN III | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1683 |
Via Kahlenberg - Polish king |
History (HY) | POLAND (POL) | MENU |
| SOBRERO, ASCANIO | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1846 |
Via Nobel - Italian chemist |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| SOCIAL DARWINISM | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1864 |
Via Herbert Spencer - by evolution |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| SOCIETIES OF UNITED IRISHMEN, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1791 |
Via Wolfe Tone - radical clubs |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| SOCIETY OF FRIENDS, THE | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1650 | Puritan movement - Quakers - Fox | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| SODDY, FREDERICK | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1901 |
Via Curies - English physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| SOLANDER, DANIEL | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1768 |
Via Banks - Swedish botanist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| SOLFERINO, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 |
Via War of 1859 - Austrian defeat |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| SOLWAY MOSS, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1542 | The English defeat the Scots | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| SOMERSCALES, THOMAS | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 |
Via War of the Pacific - British artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| SOMERSET, THE DUKE OF | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1547 |
Via Edward VI - Regent 1547-1549 |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| SONG DYNASTY, THE | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1122 | In China - forced to retreat | History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| SONGHAI EMPIRE,THE | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1464 | Sonni Ali extends Songhai Empire | History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| SONNI ALI | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1464 | Leader of Songhai Empire | History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| SOTATSU, TAWARAYA | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1603 |
Via Rimpa School - Japanese painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| SOUBIROUS, BERNADETTE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1858 |
Via Snippets - Lourdes - South France |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| SOUSA, JOHN PHILIP | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 |
Via G&S - American march composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| SOUTH AFRICA | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1652 | First Eur. settlement at Cape Town | History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| SOUTH AMERICA-INDEPENDENCE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1810 | Overthrow of three Spanish colonies | History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| SOUTH SEA BUBBLE, THE | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1720 | Crash of London stock market | History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| SOUTHERNE, THOMAS | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1695 |
Via Congreve - Irish dramatist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SOUTHEY, ROBERT | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1798 |
Via Coleridge - English poet/writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SOUTHWELL, ROBERT | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1587 |
Via Ricci - English Jesuit martyr |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| SPAIN - THE UNITY OF CROWNS | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1469 | Marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella | History (HY) | SPAIN (SPA) | MENU |
| SPALLANZANI, LAZZARO | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1767 |
Via Buffon - Italian physiologist |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| SPANISH ARMADA, THE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1588 | Defeat of Spanish invasion force | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| SPANISH FURY, THE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1576 |
Via Utrecht - the sacking of Antwerp |
History (HY) | NETHERLANDS (NET) | MENU |
| SPANISH INQUISITION, THE | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1478 | Sanctioned by Pope Sixtus IV | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| SPANISH STEPS, ROME | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1725 |
Via Snippets - completed |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| SPANISH SUCCESSION, WAR OF | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1702 | Grand Alliance v Louis XIV of France | History (HY) | SPANISH SUCCESSION (WSS) 1701-1714 |
MENU |
| SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 | Ten week conflict won by America | History (HY) | CUBA (CUB) | MENU |
| SPEKE, JOHN HANNING | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1857 | Eng.soldier/explorer-source of the Nile | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| SPENCE, THOMAS | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1792 |
Via Cato Street Conspiracy |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| SPENCER, HERBERT | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1864 |
Via Darwin - English biologist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| SPENSER, EDMUND | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1596 |
English poet - The Faerie Queen |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SPEYER, THE DIET OF | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1529 |
Via Reformation - the voice of protest |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| SPILSBURY, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1766 |
Via Snippets - first jigsaw puzzle |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| SPINOZA, BARUCH | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1665 |
Dutch philosopher - Ethics |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| SPITHEAD MUTINY, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1797 | British naval mutiny - Portsmouth | History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| SPOHR, LUDWIG | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1843 |
Via Wagner-Ger.composer/conductor |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| SPONTINI, GASPAR | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1809 |
Via Cortes - It. composer/conductor |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| SPURS, THE BATTLE OF THE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1513 |
Via Flodden - English defeat French |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| SPYRI, JOHANNA | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1880 |
Via Maupassant - Swiss writer - Heide |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SRI LANKA, THE ISLAND OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1796 |
Via Amiens -taken by British (Ceylon) |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| ST. ALBANS, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1455 |
Via Wars of Roses - victory for York |
History (HY) | WARS OF THE ROSES (WOR) 1455-1485 |
MENU |
| ST. ALBANS, THE SECOND BATTLE OF | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1461 |
Via Wars of Roses - Lancaster win |
History (HY) | WARS OF THE ROSES (WOR) 1455-1485 |
MENU |
| ST. BARTHOLOMEW MASSACRE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1572 | Massacre of French Huguenots | History (HY) | FRENCH RELIGIOUS WARS (FWR) 1562-1598 |
MENU |
| ST. BASIL CATHEDRAL | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1547 |
Via Ivan the Terrible - in Moscow |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| ST. CLARE OF ASSISI | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1210 |
Via Francis of Assisi - order of nuns |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| ST. PETER'S BASILICA, ROME | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1546 |
Via Michelangelo - app chief architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| ST. PETERSBURG, FOUNDING OF | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1703 | Built by Peter the Great - capital city | History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| ST.ANDREWS GOLF CLUB, SCOTLAND | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1754 |
Via Snippets - ancient golf club |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| ST.LEGER, COLONEL BARRY | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1777 |
Via Battles of Saratoga- British.cmdr. |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| ST.PAUL'S CATHEDRAL | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1675 |
Via Wren - rebuilding begins |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| STABIAE, NEAR NAPLES, ITALY | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1592 |
Via Pompeii - Roman settlement |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| STAEL, MADAME DE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1810 |
Via Austen -influential salon |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| STAMFORD BRIDGE, THE BATTLE OF | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1066 |
Via Battle of Hastings - A/S victory |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| STAMP ACT, THE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1765 | Lead up to American Revolution | History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| STANDARD, THE BATTLE OF THE | STEPHEN (ST) 1135-1154 |
1138 | King Stephen defeats Queen Matilda | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| STANHOPE, LADY HESTER | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1810 |
Via Snippets - English eccentric |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| STANISLAVSKI, CONSTANTIN | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 |
Via Chekhov - theatre director |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| STANLEY, HENRY MORTON | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 | American journalist and explorer | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| STAR CHAMBER, THE COURT OF THE | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1487 |
Via Henry VII - to curb nobles |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| STAR SPANGLED BANNER, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1814 |
Via War of 1812 - national anthem |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| STARLEY, JAMES | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 |
Via Snippets - invents Penny Farthing |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| STARS AND STRIPES, THE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1777 |
Via Saratoga Battles - US flag |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| STASOV, VLADIMIR | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1867 |
Via Balakirev - Russian music critic |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| STATES GENERAL, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1788 | French parliament is recalled | History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| STATUE OF LIBERTY, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1886 |
Via Eiffel - monument in New York |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| STATUTE OF LABOURERS, THE | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1351 |
Via Black Death - futile legislation |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| STEELE, RICHARD | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1709 |
Eng essayist - Tatler and Spectator |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| STEEN, JAN | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1671 |
Via Ruisdael - Dutch genre painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| STEIN, JOHANN | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1760 |
Via Cristofori - German piano maker |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| STEINWAY, HENRY | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1853 |
Via Snippets - German piano maker |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| STEINWAY, WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1888 |
Via Daimler- Daimler Motor Company |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| STELLUTI, FRANCESCO | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1625 |
Via Grew, Nehemiah - microscopy |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| STENDHAL (MARIE HENRI BEYLE) | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1830 |
Via Balzac - French novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| STENO, NICOLAUS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1669 |
Via Smith - Danish geologist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| STEPHEN, KING OF ENGLAND | STEPHEN (ST) 1135-1154 |
1135 | To 1154 - Civil war over succession | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| STEPHENS, JAMES | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1867 |
Via Fenian Uprising - Irish nationalist |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| STEPHENS, JOHN LLOYD | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1841 |
Via Charles Newton - Am. explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| STEPHENSON, GEORGE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1825 | English locomotive engineer | Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| STEPHENSON, ROBERT | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1833 |
Via Stephenson - English engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| STERNE, LAURENCE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1767 | English author - Tristam Shandy | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| STEUBEN, BARON FREDERICK VON | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1777 |
Via Valley Forge - Prussian soldier |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| STEVENS, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1803 |
Via Fulton - American boatbuilder |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| STEVENSON, ROBERT | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1807 |
Via Rennie - Scottish engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| STEVENSON, ROBERT LOUIS | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1883 |
Scottish novelist - Treasure Island |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| STILLINGFLEET, BENJAMIN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1760 |
Via Blue Stockings - circle member |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| STIRLING BRIDGE, THE BATTLE OF | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1297 |
Via Falkirk - Wallace defeats English |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| STOKE FIELD, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1487 |
Via Simnel - Wars of the Roses |
History (HY) | WARS OF THE ROSES (WOR) 1455-1485 |
MENU |
| STONE OF SCONE, THE | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1296 |
Via Maid of Norway - taken to London |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| STONE, NICHOLAS | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1631 |
Via Donne - English sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| STONEHENGE - STONE CIRCLE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1740 |
Via Stukeley - English antiquarian |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| STORM AND STRESS MOVEMENT | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1773 |
Via Goethe - German Romanticism |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| STOWE, HARRIET ELIZABETH BEECHER | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1852 |
Via ACW - Uncle Tom's Cabin |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| STRACHEY, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1727 |
Via Smith - English geologist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| STRACHEY, LYTTON | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1918 |
Via Arnold - English biographer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| STRADIVARIUS, ANTONIO | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1666 | Italian maker of violins and violas | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| STRAFFORD, THE EARL OF | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1625 |
Via Charles I - Lord Deputy of Ireland |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| STRAITS SETTLEMENTS, THE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1826 |
Via First Anglo-Burmese war |
History (HY) | SOUTHEAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| STRALSUND, THE TREATY OF | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1370 |
Via Hanseatic League - Denmark |
History (HY) | DENMARK (DEN) | MENU |
| STRAPAROLA, GIANFRANCESCO | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1553 | Italian folktale writer - Pleasant Nights | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| STRASSBURG, GOTTFRIED | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1210 | German poet - Tristan and Isolde | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| STRAUSS, JOHANN (ELDER) | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1825 |
Via Strauss the Younger - The Waltz |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| STRAUSS, JOHANN, (YOUNGER) | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1874 | Austrian composer-The Blue Danube | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| STRAUSS, RICHARD | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1897 | German composer & conductor | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| STRINDBERG, AUGUST | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1887 |
Via Chekhov - Swedish dramatist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| STRONGBOW, EARL OF PEMBROKE | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1170 |
Via Ireland - an attempt at conquest |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| STUART, GILBERT | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1789 |
Via Washington - American artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| STUART, JAMES | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1762 |
Via Greek Revival - English architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| STUART, JOHN McDOUALL | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1860 | Aust.explorer reaches central Australia | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| STUARTS, THE | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1603 | To Queen Anne 1714 | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| STUBBS, GEORGE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1766 | English painter of horses | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| STUKELEY, WILLIAM | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1740 | English antiquarian - Stonehenge | Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| STURGEON, WILLIAM | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1825 |
Via Whewell - English physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| STURLUSON, SNORRI | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1222 |
Via Guillaume de Lorris-Icelandic poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| STURM UND DRANG MOVEMENT | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1773 |
Via Goethe - German Romanticism |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| STURT, CHARLES | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1828 | British explorer - S.E. Australia | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| SUCKLING, SIR JOHN | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1637 |
Via Herrick - English Cavalier Poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SUCRE, ANTONIO JOSE DE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1822 |
Via Ecuador- Bolivar's chief of staff |
History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| SUDAN, THE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1820 | Northern area taken over by Egypt | History (HY) | SUDAN (SUD) | MENU |
| SUEZ CANAL - THE OPENING | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1869 | Grand ceremony at Port Said | History (HY) | EGYPT (EGY) | MENU |
| SUEZ CANAL - WORK BEGINS | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 | Completed ten years later | History (HY) | EGYPT (EGY) | MENU |
| SUGAULI, THE TREATY OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1816 |
Via Second/Third Maratha Wars -Gurkha |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| SULEYMAN I - THE MAGNIFICENT | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1526 | Sultan of Ottoman Empire 1520-1566 | History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| SULLIVAN, ANNE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1887 |
Via Bell - teacher of Helen Keller |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| SULLIVAN, ARTHUR | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 | English composer - Savoy operas | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| SUMANGURU, KING OF THE SUSU | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1203 |
Via Ghana - replaces Ghana kingdom |
History (HY) | SUSU (EMPIRE) (SUS) | MENU |
| SUMNER, WILLIAM GRAHAM | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 |
Via Herbert Spencer - American academic |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SUNDIATA | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1235 |
Via Mali Empire - founder |
History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| SUNG HUI-TSUNG, SUNG EMPEROR | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1122 |
Via Chin and Sung Dynasties |
History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| SUPPE, FRANZ VON | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1846 |
Via Strauss the Elder - Light opera |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| SURRATT, MARY | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
Via Lincoln - in murder plot |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| SURTEES, ROBERT SMITH | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1838 |
Via Dickens - Eng.novelist - Jorrocks |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SURYAVARMAN II, KING | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1113 |
Via Angkor Wat - royal funeral shrine |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| SUSSMAYR, FRANZ XAVER | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1803 |
Via Mozart - Austrian composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| SUSU EMPIRE | JOHN (JO) 1199-1216 |
1203 |
Via Ghana - replaces Ghana kingdom |
History (HY) | SUSU (EMPIRE) (SUS) | MENU |
| SUTTER, JOHN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 |
Via Californian Gold Rush - miner |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| SUTTNER, BERTHA VON | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1889 |
Via Nobel Prizes - peace movement |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SVENDSEN, JOHAN | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1881 |
Via Grieg - Norw.composer/conductor |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| SVENGALI (FICTIONAL CHARACTER) | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via Georges du Maurier -Trilby |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SWAINSON, ISAAC | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1789 |
Via Sturt - English herbalist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| SWAMMERDAM, JAN | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1669 |
Via Leeuwenhoek - microscopist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| SWAN, JOSEPH WILSON | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1880 |
Via Edison - English inventor - bulb |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| SWEDEN | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1397 |
Via Union of Kalmar - with Den. & Nor. |
History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| SWIFT, JONATHAN | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1726 |
Anglo-Irish writer - Gulliver's Travels |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SWINBURNE, ALGERNON | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1866 |
Via Blackmore - English poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SWITZERLAND | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1291 | Beginnings via Everlasting League | History (HY) | SWITZERLAND (SWI) | MENU |
| SYDENHAM, THOMAS | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1676 |
Via Malpighi - Saint Vitus Dance |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| SYMBOLIST MOVEMENT, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1886 |
Via Mallarme- poetic movement |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| SYME, JAMES | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1854 |
Via Lister - Scottish surgeon |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| SYMINGTON, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1803 |
Via Fulton - Scottish boatbuilder |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| SYRIA, INVASION OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1840 |
Via invasion by Muhammad Ali |
History (HY) | EGYPT (EGY) | MENU |
| SZATMAR, THE PEACE OF | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1711 |
Via Rakoczi - brings end to rebellion |
History (HY) | HUNGARY (HUN) | MENU |
| T | ||||||
| TABRIZ, THE BATTLE OF | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1604 | The Safavids defeat Ottoman Turks | History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| TAGLIACOZZI, GASPARO | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1589 |
Via Fabricius - Italian plastic surgeon |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| TAIPING REBELLION, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1850 |
Via Second Opium War - China |
History (HY) | OPIUM WARS (OPW) 1839-1842, 1856-1860 |
MENU |
| TAJ MAHAL, THE | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1632 |
Via Jahan - famous mausoleum |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| TAKAUJI, ASHIKAGA | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1336 |
Via War of the Courts - Northern |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| TALAVERA, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1809 |
Via Peninsular War - British victory |
HY | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| TALBOT, WILLIAM HENRY FOX | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1835 |
Via Daguerre - English photo pioneer |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| TALLEYRAND, CHARLES MAURICE DE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 |
Via Vienna - French delegate |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| TALLIS, THOMAS | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1572 | English composer and organist | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| TAMBORA VOLCANO, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 |
Via Snippets - greatest ever recorded |
History (HY) | SOUTHEAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| TAMERLANE (or TIMUR) | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1383 | Mongol leader - 1369-1405 | History (HY) | MONGOLS (MON) | MENU |
| TAMWORTH ADDRESS, THE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1834 |
Via Reform Bill - Conservative party |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| TANGIER, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1844 | Morocco recognises French Algeria | History (HY) | ALGERIA (ALG) | MENU |
| TANNENBERG, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY IV (H4) 1399-1413 |
1410 | German Teutonic Knights are defeated | History (HY) | POLAND (POL) | MENU |
| TARREGA, FRANCISCO | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1896 |
Via Alhambra - Spanish composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| TARTAGLIA, NICCOLO | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1543 |
Via Cardano - Italian mathematician |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| TARTINI, GIUSEPPE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1749 |
Via Scarlatti - brilliant Italian violinist |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| TASMAN, ABEL | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1642 | Dutch explorer - Australia/Pacific | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| TASSO, TORQUATO | WILLIAM II (W2) 1087-1100 |
1574 |
Via First Crusade - Italian poet |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| TATE GALLERY, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1897 |
Via Snippets - opens in London |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| TAVENDAL, THE PEACE OF | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1700 |
Via Great Northern War- re. Denmark |
History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| TAY BRIDGE DISASTER, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 |
Via Snippets - in Scotland - 75 killed |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| TCHAIKOVSKY, PYOTR | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1875 | Russian composer - romantic | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| TCHERNAYA, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1855 |
Via Siege of Sevastopol- Fr.victory |
History (HY) | CRIMEAN WAR (CRW) 1853-1856 |
MENU |
| TEA CEREMONY IN JAPAN | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1467 |
Via Yoshimasa - period of arts/crafts |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| TEL EL-KEBIR, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1882 |
Via Anglo-Egyptian War- Brit.victory |
History (HY) | EGYPT (EGY) | MENU |
| TELEMANN, GEORG | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1721 |
Via Bach, J.S - German musician |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| TELFORD, THOMAS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1803 | Scottish engineer - Caledonian Canal | Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| TELLER AMENDMENT, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 |
Via Sp-American War - undertaking |
History (HY) | CUBA (CUB) | MENU |
| TEMPLAR KNIGHTS | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1113 |
Via Orders of Knights |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| TEMUR, MONGOL RULER | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1294 | Decline of Empire at his death in 1307 | History (HY) | MONGOLS (MON) | MENU |
| TEN YEARS' WAR, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 |
Via Cuban Revolt - 1868-1878 |
History (HY) | CUBA (CUB) | MENU |
| TENNIEL, JOHN | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
Via Carroll - English illustrator |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| TENNYSON, ALFRED | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 | English poet - Arthurian legends | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| TENOCHTITLAN, THE CITY OF | EDWARD II (E2) 1307-1327 |
1325 | Capital city of the Aztecs | History (HY) | AZTECS (AZT) | MENU |
| TER BORCH, GERARD | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1648 |
Via Westphalia - Dutch baroque artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| TESCHEN, THE TREATY OF | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1779 |
Via War of Bavarian Succession |
History (HY) | AUSTRIA (AUT) | MENU |
| TESLA, NIKOLA | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via Marconi - American scientist |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| TEUTONIC KNIGHTS | RICHARD I (R1) 1189-1199 |
1189 |
Via Third Crusade |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| TEWKESBURY, THE BATTLE OF | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1471 | Margaret of Anjou is defeated | History (HY) | WARS OF THE ROSES (WOR) 1455-1485 |
MENU |
| TEWODROS II, EMPEROR OF ETHIOPIA | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 |
Via Stanley - Anglo-Abyssinian War |
History (HY) | ETHIOPIA (ETH) | MENU |
| TEXAN INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1836 | Rebellion against Mexico | History (HY) | TEXAS (TEX) | MENU |
| TEXAS RANGERS, THE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1836 |
Via Texan War of Independence |
History (HY) | TEXAS (TEX) | MENU |
| THACKERAY, WILLIAM | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 | English novelist - Vanity Fair | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| THAMES, THE BATTLE OF THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 |
Via War of 1812 - American victory |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| THE RESTORATION | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1660 | Return of monachy - Charles II | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| THE RIVER LECH, BATTLE OF | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1632 |
Via Thirty Yrs War- Protestant victory |
History (HY) | THIRTY YEARS WAR (TYW) 1618-1648 |
MENU |
| THE TIMES OF LONDON | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1788 |
Via Snippets - first publication |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| THEATRE, THE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1599 |
Via Globe - founded by J. Burbage |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| THENARD, LOUIS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1808 |
Via Gay-Lussac - French chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| THEOBALD, LEWIS | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1726 |
Via Pope - English scholar/translator |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| THERMIDORIAN (JULY) REACTION,THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1794 |
Via Basle Treaties - Royalist uprising |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| THIERS, ADOLPHE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1827 |
Via French Revolution - History |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| THIMONNIER, BARTHELEMY | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1830 |
Via Snippets - Fr. sewing machine |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| THIRTY YEARS' WAR, THE | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1618 | Protestant v Roman Catholic in Europe | History (HY) | THIRTY YEARS WAR (TYW) 1618-1648 |
MENU |
| THISTLEWOOD, ARTHUR | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1820 |
Via Cato Street Conspiracy - leader |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| THOMAS A KEMPIS | HENRY V (H5) 1413-1422 |
1418 |
German monk - The Imitation of Christ |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1875 |
Via Bessemer - English metallurgist |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| THOMPSON, BENJAMIN | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1798 |
Via Lagrange- scientist- Count Rumford |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| THOMPSON, DAVID | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1807 |
Via Lewis & Clark - English explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| THOMPSON, ELIZBETH (LADY BUTLER) | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1879 |
Via First Anglo-Afghan War - artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| THOMPSON, FRANCIS | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1889 |
Via Meredith - English poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| THOMSEN, CHRISTIAN | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1836 |
Via Snippets - Danish archeologist |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| THOMSON, GEORGE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1799 |
Via Burns - Scottish musician |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| THOMSON, JAMES | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1730 |
Via Gray- Scottish poet- The Seasons |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| THOMSON, JAMES | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1854 |
Via Alma, Scottish surgeon |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| THOMSON, JOSEPH JOHN | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1897 |
Via Roentgen - English physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| THOMSON, ROBERT | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1846 |
Via Auto Industry - Scottish inventor |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| THOMSON, WILLIAM (LORD KELVIN) | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1866 | Irish scientist - transatlantic cable | Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| THOREAU, HENRY DAVID | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1854 |
Via Emerson - Am.writer - Walden |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| THORNHILL, SIR JAMES | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1735 |
Via Hogarth - baroque artitst |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| THORVALDSEN, BERTEL | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1821 |
Via Battle of Valmy - Danish sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| THRALE, HESTER | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1765 |
Via Boswell - biography of Johnson |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| THREE CHOIRS FESTIVAL, THE | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1724 |
Via Snippets - Eng. musical festival |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| THREE EMPERORS' LEAGUE, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1872 |
Via German Unification - alliance |
History (HY) | GERMANY (GER) | MENU |
| THROGMORTON PLOT, THE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1583 |
Via Babington Plot - RC conspiracy |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| THUAN AN, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1883 |
Via French Indochina - Fr.victory |
History (HY) | SOUTH EAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| TIENTSIN ACCORD, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 |
Via French Indochina - settlement |
History (HY) | SOUTH EAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| TIENTSIN, THE TREATIES OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1860 |
Via Second Opium War |
History (HY) | OPIUM WARS (OPW) 1839-1842, 1856-1860 |
MENU |
| TIEPOLO, GIOVANNI BATTISTA | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1750 |
Via Boucher -Italian rococo artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| TIJOU, JEAN | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1689 |
Via Grinling Gibbons - Fr.ironworker |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| TILLY, COUNT GRAF VON | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1631 |
Via Thirty Yrs War- catholic leader. |
History (HY) | THIRTY YEARS WAR (TYW) 1618-1648 |
MENU |
| TILSIT, THE TREATY OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1807 | French gains - Franco-Russian pact | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| TIMOFEYEVICH, YERMAK | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1581 |
Via Ivan IV - Cossack leader |
History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| TIMU, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1449 |
Via Cheng-t'ung - Ming Emperor |
History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| TINCHEBRAI, BATTLE OF | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1106 | Henry I defeats brother Robert | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| TINTORETTO, JACOPO | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1579 | Venetian painter - with Veronese | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| TIPPECANOE, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1811 |
Via War of 1812 - chief Tecumseh |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| TIPPU SAHIB | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1799 | Killed - end of Anglo-Mysore wars | History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| TIREL, WALTER | WILLIAM II (W2) 1087-1100 |
1100 |
Via William II - French knight |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| TISCHBEIN, JOHANN HEINRICH | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1786 |
Via Goethe - German artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| TITIAN | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1523 | Italian painter of the Venitian school | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| TITIUS, JOHANN DANIEL | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1766 |
Via Bode - German astronomer |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| TITUS OATES | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1678 | Instigator of Popish Plot | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| TOLENTINO, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 |
Via Hundred Days - Murat defeated |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| TOLPUDDLE MARTYRS, THE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1834 | Pioneers - trade union movement | History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| TOLSTOY, LEO | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1869 |
Russian author - War and Peace |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| TOLTEC EMPIRE, THE | STEPHEN (ST) 1135-1154 |
1151 | Empire falls to Chichimec invaders | History (HY) | CENTRAL AMERICA (CAM) | MENU |
| TOM THUMB | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1841 |
Via Snippets - American dwarf |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| TOMPION, THOMAS | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1676 | English clockmaker - balance spring | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| TONDIBI, THE BATTLE OF | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1591 | Morocco destroys the Songhai Empire | History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| TONE, WOLFE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1798 |
Via Vinegar Hill - rebel leader |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| TONGE, ISRAEL | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1678 |
Via Oates - English anti-Catholic |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| TONKIN AFFAIR, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 |
Via Sino-French War - Fr.defeat |
History (HY) | SOUTH EAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| TOPA INCA | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1466 |
Via Pachacuti - Inca leader |
History (HY) | INCAS (INC) | MENU |
| TORDESILLAS, THE TREATY OF | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1494 | Spain/Portugal divide the New World | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| TORQUEMADA, TOMAS DE | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1478 |
Via Inquisition - Grand Inquisitor |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| TORRES, LUIS VAEZ DE | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1606 | Spanish explorer - New Guinea | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| TORRICELLI, EVANGELISTA | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1643 | Italian scientist - mercury barometer | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| TOSCANELLI, PAOLO | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1492 |
Via Columbus - Florentine mapmaker |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| TOSCANINI, ARTURO | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 |
Via Puccini - Italian conductor |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| TOULOUSE-LAUTREC, HENRI DE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1891 | French artist of Montmartre | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| TOURNACHON, FELIX (NADAR) | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1858 |
Via Talbot - French photographer |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| TOURNEFORT, JOSEPH PITTON | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1694 |
Via Camerarius - French botanist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| TOUSSAINT LOUVERTURE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1791 | Leads revolt in Saint Domingue | History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| TOWER OF LONDON, THE | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1075 | Built to defend Pool of London | Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| TOWER OF PISA | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1163 |
Via Notre Dame de Paris |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| TOWNSHEND, CHARLES | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1730 | English politician and farmer | Agriculture (AG) | XNA | MENU |
| TOWTON, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1461 |
Via Wars of Roses - victory for York |
History (HY) | WARS OF THE ROSES (WOR) 1455-1485 |
MENU |
| TRAFALGAR, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1805 | British victory at sea - Nelson's death | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| TRAIL OF TEARS, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1838 | Resettlement of American natives | History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| TRAIN, GEORGE FRANCIS | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 |
Via Verne - American eccentric |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| TRANSATLANTIC CABLE, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1866 | Laid from Ireland to Newfoundland | Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| TRANSATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1502 | First African slaves arrive in America | History (HY) | AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE (SLT) from c1502 |
MENU |
| TRANSCENDENTALISM | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1836 |
Via Emerson - Am.writer - Nature |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| TRANSCONTINENTAL TREATY, THE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1819 |
Via Adams- Spanish-American treaty |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| TRANS-SIBERIAN RAILWAY, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1891 |
Via Snippets - work begins |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| TRANSVAAL, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1838 |
Via Battle of Blood River |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| TRAPPIST ORDER, THE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1662 | Reformed order of Cistercians | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| TRAVERS, MORRIS | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 |
Via Ramsay - English chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| TREATY OF ZURICH, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 |
Via War of 1859 - peace settlement |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| TREGIAN, FRANCIS, THE YOUNGER | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1607 |
Via Monteverdi-Fitzwilliam Virginal Bk |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| TRELAWNY, EDWARD JOHN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 |
Via Byron - also friend of Shelley |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| TRENCIN, THE BATTLE OF | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1708 |
Via Rakoczi II - defeat of rebels |
History (HY) | HUNGARY (HUN) | MENU |
| TRENT AFFAIR, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1861 |
Via American Civil War - incident |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| TRENT, THE COUNCIL OF | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1545 |
Via Counter-Reformation - Paul III |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| TRESAGUET, PIERRE-MARIE-JEROME | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1775 |
Via Telford - French road engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| TREVELYAN, GEORGE OTTO | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1876 |
Via Macaulay - English historian |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| TREVI FOUNTAIN, ROME, THE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1732 |
Via Snippets - work begins |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| TREVINO, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1875 |
Via Third Carlist War - decisive battle |
History (HY) | SPAIN (SPA) | MENU |
| TREVIRANUS, GOTTRIED REINHOLD | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1802 |
Via Lamarck - German naturalist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| TREVITHICK, RICHARD | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1804 | English engineer - steam carriage | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| TRIAL OF CHARLES I, THE | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1649 | Followed by execution 1649 | History (HY) | ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (ECW) 1642-1651 |
MENU |
| TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1591 |
Via Snippets-founded by Qn.Elizabeth |
Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| TRINITY HOUSE, LONDON | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1514 |
Via Snippets - river pilots for Thames |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| TRIPLE ALLIANCE, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1882 | Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy | History (HY) | GERMANY (GER) | MENU |
| TRIPLE ALLIANCE, WAR OF THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 | Arg. Brazil, Uruguay v Paraguay | History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| TRIPOLITAN WAR, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1805 |
Via Barbary Pirates - U.S. attack |
History (HY) | NORTH AFRICA (NAF) | MENU |
| TRISSINO, COUNT GIAN GIORGIO | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1530 |
Via Palladio - Italian poet/humanist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| TROLLOPE, ANTHONY | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1855 | Eng.novelist - Barchester Chronicles | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| TROMP, ADMIRAL MAARTEN | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1652 |
Via Anglo-Dutch Wars - Dutch cmdr |
History (HY) | NETHERLANDS (NET) | MENU |
| TROPPAU, THE CONGRESS OF | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1820 | Meeting of the Holy Alliance | History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| TROY, THE ANCIENT CITY OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1873 |
Via Schliemann - in Turkey |
Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| TROYES, THE TREATY OF | HENRY V (H5) 1413-1422 |
1420 |
Via Agincourt - heir to French throne |
History (HY) | HUNDRED YEARS WAR (HYW) 1339-1453 |
MENU |
| TROYON, CONSTANT | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1857 |
Via Barbizon School - French painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| TRUMBULL, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1770 |
Via Declaration of Independence |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| TS'ANG YING-HSUAN | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1682 |
Via Chinese Porcelain - artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| TSAR KOLOKOL, MOSCOW | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1733 |
Via Snippets - largest bell in world |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| TSCHIRNHAUS, EHRENFRIED WALTER | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1707 |
Via Meissen - German physicist |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| TUBMAN, HARRIET | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
Via the confederate surrender |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| TUDORS, THE | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1485 | To Queen Elizabeth I 1603 | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| TUKE, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1796 |
Via Bichat - treament of insane |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| TULL, JETHRO | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1701 | Eng. inventor - horse-drawn seed drill | Agriculture (AG) | XNA | MENU |
| TUNISIA, NORTH AFRICA | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1881 | Becomes French protectorate | History (HY) | NORTH AFRICA (NAF) | MENU |
| TUPAC AMARU | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1572 | The last of the Inca Lords | History (HY) | INCAS (INC) | MENU |
| TUPAC AMARU II | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1780 | Inca rebellion against Spanish in Peru | History (HY) | INCAS (INC) | MENU |
| TURENNE, VISCOMTE DE | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1635 |
Via Thirty Yrs War - Fr.commander |
History (HY) | THIRTY YEARS WAR (TYW) 1618-1648 |
MENU |
| TURGENEV, IVAN | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1862 |
Russian novelist - Fathers and Sons |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| TURGOT, ANNE ROBERT | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1774 |
Via States General - French minister |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| TURIN, THE BATTLE FOR | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1706 |
Via Ramillies - Eugene raises siege |
History (HY) | SPANISH SUCCESSION (WSS) 1701-1714 |
MENU |
| TURKMENCHAY, THE TREATY OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1828 |
Via Gulistan-Rus.gains in Caucasus |
History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| TURNER, "NAT" | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1831 |
Via Slave Trade - slave rebellion USA |
History (HY) | AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE (SLT) from c1502 |
MENU |
| TURNER, JOSEPH MALLORD | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 | English artist-first period-watercolour | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| TURPIN, DICK | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1739 |
Via Snippets - English highwayman |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| TUTTLINGEN, THE BATTLE OF | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1643 |
Via Thirty Yrs War - French defeated |
History (HY) | THIRTY YEARS WAR (TYW) 1618-1648 |
MENU |
| TWAIN, MARK | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1876 | American writer - Tom Sawyer | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| TWO BROTHERS, WAR OF THE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1833 |
Via First Carlist War - Portugal |
History (HY) | PORTUGAL (POR) | MENU |
| TYBURN - THE "KING'S GALLOWS" | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1783 |
Via Snippets - last execution |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| TYLER, WAT | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1381 |
Via Peasants' Revolt - rebel leader |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| TYNDALE, WILLIAM | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1525 | Produces New Testament in English | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| TYNDALL, JOHN | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1853 |
Via Faraday - Irish physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| TYUTCHEV, FEDOR IVANOVITCH | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1807 |
Via Schelling - Russian poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| U | ||||||
| UCCELLO, PAOLO | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1460 |
Via Ghiberti - Florentine artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ULM, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1805 | Napoleon defeats Austrians | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| ULSTER PLANTATION, THE | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1610 | Protestants settle in northern Ireland | History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| ULUGH BEG | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1437 | Persian astronomer & mathematician | Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| ULUNDI, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 | Anglo-Zulu War - British victory | History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| UMBERTO I, KING OF ITALY | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1878 |
Via Italian Unification - until 1900 |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| UMM DIWAIKARAT, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1899 |
Via Second Anglo-Sudan War |
History (HY) | SUDAN (SUD) | MENU |
| UMZINTANZANI, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1877 |
Via Kaffir Wars - defeat of Xhosa |
History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| UNAM SANCTAM | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1302 |
Via Boniface VIII - spiritual authority |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| UNCLE SAM | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 |
Via War of 1812 - national symbol |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| UNIFICATION OF GERMANY, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 |
Via Siege of Paris - Formation of German Empire |
History (HY) | GERMANY (GER) | MENU |
| UNIFICATION OF ITALY, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 | Following the capture of Rome | History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| UNION JACK, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1801 |
Via Union with Ireland - new flag |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| UNION OF CANADA ACT, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1841 | Uniting Lower and Upper Canada | History (HY) | CANADA (CAN) | MENU |
| UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1869 | Amrican transcontinental railroad | History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| UNION, ACT OF (IRELAND) | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1801 | Ireland becomes part of UK | History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| UNION, ACT OF (SCOTLAND) | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1707 | Union of England & Scotland - GBR | History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| UNITED KINGDOM, THE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1801 |
Via Union Jack - new title |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| UNKIAR-SKELESSI, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1833 |
Via Crimean War - Turkey-Russia |
History (HY) | RUSSIA (RUS) | MENU |
| UPRISINGS IN EUROPE 1831 | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1831 | Belg, Poland, Germany, Papal States | History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| URABI, COLONEL AHMED | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1882 |
Via Anglo-Egyptian War- rebel leader |
History (HY) | EGYPT (EGY) | MENU |
| URBAN II, POPE | WILLIAM II (W2) 1087-1100 |
1095 |
Via First Crusade-Council of Clermont |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| URSULA, ORDER OF SAINT | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1538 |
Via Capuchins - founded by Merici |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| URUGUAY, SOUTH AMERICA | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1828 |
Via Bolivar - gains independence |
History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| USSHER, JAMES - PRIMATE OF IRELAND | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1654 |
Via Darwin - creation of the world |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| UTAMARO, KITAGAWA | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1794 | Japanese artist - colour prints | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| UTILITARIANISM | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1789 |
Via Bentham - political doctrine |
Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| UTRECHT, THE TREATY OF | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1713 | Ends War of Spanish Succession | History (HY) | SPANISH SUCCESSION (WSS) 1701-1714 |
MENU |
| UTRECHT, THE UNION OF | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1581 | Seven Dutch provinces in rebellion | History (HY) | NETHERLANDS (NET) | MENU |
| V | ||||||
| VALADON, SUZANNE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1891 |
Via Toulouse-Lautrec - French artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| VALDIVIA, PEDRO DE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1541 |
Via Chile - Spanish conquistador |
History (HY) | CHILE (CHL) | MENU |
| VALIGNANO, ALESSANDRO | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1574 |
Via Ricci - Italian missionary in India |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| VALLEY FORGE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1778 |
Via Franco-American Alliance |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| VALMY, BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1792 | French defeat Austro-Prussians | History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| VALPARAISO, THE TRUCE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1884 |
Via War of the Pacific - settlement |
History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| VALSALVA, ANTONIO MARIA | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1704 |
Via Morgagni - Italian anatomist |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| VAN DER HEYDEN, JAN | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1672 |
Via Snippets - Dutch inventor |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| VAN DYCK, ANTHONY | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1632 | Flemish artist - at court of Charles I | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| VAN GOGH, THEO | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1888 |
Via Van Gogh - artist's brother |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| VAN GOGH, VINCENT | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1888 | French post-impressionist painter | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| VAN RASBOURGH, ANTOINE-JOSEPH | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1872 |
Via Rodin - Belgian sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| VANBRUGH, JOHN | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1705 | English architect - Blenheim Palace | Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| VANCOUVER, GEORGE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1791 | English explorer- W.coast of Canada | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| VARENNES, THE FLIGHT TO | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1791 | Louis XVI attempts to escape | History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| VARLEY, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1804 |
Via Turner - English watercolour artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| VASARI, GIORGIO | EDWARD VI (E6) 1547-1553 |
1550 | Italian art historian and architect | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| VASCO DA GAMA | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1498 | Portuguese explorer reaches India | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| VAUBAN, SEBASTIEN DE | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1678 | French military engineer | History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| VAUQUELIN, LOUIS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1818 |
Via Berzelius - French chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| VELASQUEZ, DIEGO | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1635 | Famous Spanish artist - for Philip IV | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| VELDE, WILLEM VAN DE, THE YOUNGER | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1673 |
Via Anglo-Dutch War - Dutch artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| VELLETRI, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1849 |
Via 1848 - French defeat in Italy |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| VELLORE MUTINY, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1806 |
Via Indian Mutiny - an earlier revolt |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| VENDOME COLUMN, PARIS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1810 |
Via Austerlitz - victory monument |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| VENEZUELA, SOUTH AMERICA | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1821 |
Via Bolivar - gains independence |
History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| VENICE, THE PEACE OF | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1177 |
Via Frederick I - submits to Pope |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| VENUS DE MILO, THE | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1820 | Greek sculpture of 2nd century BC | Archaeology (AY) | XNA | MENU |
| VERDI, GIUSEPPE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1853 |
Italian opera composer - La Traviata |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| VEREENIGING, THE PEACE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1902 |
Via 2nd Anglo-Boer War - settlement |
History (HY) | ANGLO-BOER WAR (2ND) (SBW) 1899-1902 |
MENU |
| VERGARA, THE CONVENTION OF | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1839 |
Via First Carlist War - settlement |
History (HY) | SPAIN (SPA) | MENU |
| VERLAINE, PAUL | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1866 |
Via Hugo - French poet - symbolist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| VERMEER, JAN | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1655 |
Dutch artist - The Lace Maker |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| VERNE, JULES | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 | French pioneer in science fiction | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| VERNET, CLAUDE JOSEPH | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1750 |
Via Richard Wilson - French Artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| VERNET, HORACE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 |
Via 1848 Rebellions - French painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| VERNIS MARTIN - MARTIN BROTHERS | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1730 |
Via Chippendale - new varnish |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| VERNON, ADMIRAL EDWARD | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1739 |
Via War of Jenkin's Ear - Brit.navy |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| VERONA, THE CONGRESS OF | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1822 |
Via Troppau - UK leaves Holy Alliance |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| VERONESE, PAOLO | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1579 | Venetian painter - with Tintoretto | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| VERROCCHIO, ANDREA DEL | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1480 |
Via Lorenzo the Magnificent - sculptor |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| VERSAILLES, THE PALACE OF | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1661 | Louis XIV - court and government | Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| VESALIUS, ANDREAS | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1543 | Belgian physician - work on anatomy | Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| VESEY, MRS ELIZABETH | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1760 |
Via Blue Stockings - circle member |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| VESPUCCI, AMERIGO | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1501 | Italian explorer - name given to America | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| VIARDOT, PAULINE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1862 |
Via Turgenev - opera singer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| VICKSBURG, BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1863 |
Via Am.Civil War - Union victory |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| VICTOR EMMANUEL II, KING | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 |
Via War of 1859 - King of Italy |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| VICTORIA & ALBERT MUSEUM, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1899 |
Via Snippets - foundation stone |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| VICTORIA CROSS, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1856 |
Via Sevastopol - for gallantry |
History (HY) | CRIMEAN WAR (CRW) 1853-1856 |
MENU |
| VICTORIA'S GOLDEN JUBILEE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1887 | Immense public support for monarchy | History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| VICTORIA, QN. UNITED KINGDOM | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1837 | To 1901 - Trade, Industry, Empire | History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| VICTORIA, TOMAS LUIS DE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1584 |
Via Tallis - Spanish composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| VIEN, JOSEPH-MARIE | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1776 |
Via David - Fr. Neo-Classicist artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| VIENNA, THE CONGRESS OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 | European peace settlement | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| VIENNA, THE TREATY OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1735 |
Via War of Polish Succession |
History (HY) | POLAND (POL) | MENU |
| VIENNA, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1864 |
Via Second Schleswig War-settlement |
History (HY) | DENMARK (DEN) | MENU |
| VIETNAM, INDOCHINA | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1620 |
Via French Indochina- French mission |
History (HY) | SOUTH EAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| VIGEE-LEBRUN, ELISABETH | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 |
Via Staël - French portrait artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| VIGNY, ALFRED DE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1835 |
Via Hugo - French poet and novelist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| VILLARD, PAUL | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 |
Via Curies - French physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| VILLARET, VICE-ADMIRAL | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1794 |
Via Robespierre - French commander |
History (HY) | FRENCH REVOLUTION (FRV) 1789-1802 |
MENU |
| VILLAVICIOSA, THE BATTLE OF | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1665 |
Via Lisbon Treaty- Portuguese victory |
History (HY) | PORTUGAL (POR) | MENU |
| VILLEMIN, JEAN-ANTOINE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1867 |
Via Lister - French physician |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| VILLENEUVE, ADMIRAL PIERRE DE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1805 |
Via Trafalgar - French commander |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| VILLEROI, LE DUC DE | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1706 |
Via Ramillies - French commander |
History (HY) | SPANISH SUCCESSION (WSS) 1701-1714 |
MENU |
| VILLIERS, GEORGE, Duke of Buckingham | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1625 |
Via Charles I - court favourite |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| VILLON, FRANCOISE | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1456 |
French poet - Le Petit Testament |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| VIMEIRO, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1808 |
Via Peninsular War - British victory |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| VINCENT DE PAUL | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1616 |
Via Francis de Sales - French priest |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| VINEGAR HILL, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1798 | Rebellion crushed in Ireland | History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| VIRCHOW, RUDOLF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1858 | German pathologist - work on cells | Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| VIRGINIA CAPES, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1781 |
Via Yorktown - French naval victory |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| VIRGINIA, THE LOST COLONY of | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1585 |
Via Raleigh - attempt at Am.colony |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| VITORIA, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 |
Via Peninsular War - British victory |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| VIVALDI, ANTONIO | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1725 |
Italian composer - The Four Seasons |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| VLAMINGH, WILLEM de | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1696 |
Via Hartog - Dutch explorer - Australia |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| VOLTA, ALESSANDRO | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1800 | Italian physicist - rudimentary battery | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| VOLTAIRE (FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET)) | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1734 | French philosopher - rights of man | Philosophy (PH) | XNA | MENU |
| VOLTERA, DANIELE DA | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1512 |
Via Michelangelo - Italian artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| VOLTURNO RIVER, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1860 |
Via Garibaldi - Italian independence |
History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| VON BAER, KARL ERNST | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1837 |
Via Snippets - Estonian naturalist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| VON HARDENBERG, FRIEDRICH | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1799 |
Via Schiller - German romantic poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| W | ||||||
| WADE, FREDERICK TOWNSEND | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1860 |
Via Taiping Rebellion - Am.adventurer |
History (HY) | OPIUM WARS (OPW) 1839-1842, 1856-1860 |
MENU |
| WADE, GENERAL GEORGE | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1726 |
Via Snippets - road building |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| WAGNER, RICHARD | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1845 | German operatic composer | Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| WAITANGI, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1840 | Between British Crown and Maori | History (HY) | NEW ZEALAND (NZ) | MENU |
| WAKEFIELD, EDWARD GIBBON | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1839 |
Via Union of Canada Act - reformer |
History (HY) | CANADA (CAN) | MENU |
| WAKEFIELD, THE BATTLE OF | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1460 |
Via Wars of Roses - win for Lancaster |
History (HY) | WARS OF THE ROSES (WOR) 1455-1485 |
MENU |
| WALDSEEMULLER, MARTIN | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1507 |
Via Vespucci - German mapmaker |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| WALDSTEIN, COUNT | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1804 |
Via Beethoven - friend/benefactor |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| WALDTEUFEL, EMILE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1882 |
Via Chabrier - French composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| WALES, THE PRINCIPALITY OF | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1276 | Conquest by Edward I begins | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| WALKER, JOHN | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1827 |
Via Snippets - striking match |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| WALLACE, ALFRED RUSSEL | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1858 |
Via Darwin - Welsh naturalist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| WALLACE, WILLIAM | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1298 |
Via Battle of Falkirk - Scottish rebel |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| WALLENSTEIN, DUKE OF FRIEDLAND | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1634 |
Via Thirty Yrs War - Battle of Lutzen |
History (HY) | THIRTY YEARS WAR (TYW) 1618-1648 |
MENU |
| WALLIS, HENRY | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1856 |
Via Chatterton - English artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| WALLIS, JOHN | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1656 | Eng.mathematician-algebra/geometry | Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| WALPOLE, HORACE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1764 |
English Gothic novelist - Castle Otranto |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| WALPOLE, ROBERT | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1727 | First British "Prime Minister" | History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| WALSINGHAM, SIR FRANCIS | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1573 |
Via Elizabeth I - secretary |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| WALTER THE PENNILESS | WILLIAM II (W2) 1087-1100 |
1095 |
Via First Crusade - People's Crusade |
Religion (RN) | CRUSADES (CRU) 1095-1291 |
MENU |
| WALTON, IZAAC | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1653 |
English biographer - Compleat Angler |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| WANDIWASH, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1760 | British defeat French in India | History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| WANG CHEN | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1449 |
Via Chen-T'ung - court favourite |
History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| WAR AT SEA, AM.INDEPENDENCE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1778 |
Via American Independence |
History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| WAR AT SEA, AMERICAN CIVIL WAR | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1862 |
Via Am.Civil War - Union victory |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| WAR OF 1812, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1812 | USA declares war on Britain | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| WAR OF 1859, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1859 | Sardinia-Piedmont versus Austria | History (HY) | ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE (ITI) 1831-1871 |
MENU |
| WAR OF THE CURRENTS, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1889 |
Via Edison - DC versus AC |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| WAR OF THE GOLDEN STOOL, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 |
Via Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War |
History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| WAR OF THE PACIFIC, THE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 | Peru and Bolivia against Chile | History (HY) | SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) | MENU |
| WARBECK, PERKIN | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1497 | Pretender to throne - executed 1499 | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| WARD, THOMAS F. | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via Delius - American organist |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| WARNER, EDWARD J | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1848 |
Via Appert - patents tin-opener |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| WARS OF THE ROSES, THE | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1455 | Lancaster versus York - to 1485 | History (HY) | WARS OF THE ROSES (WOR) 1455-1485 |
MENU |
| WARSAW, THE BATTLE OF | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1656 |
Via Charles X - Swedish victory |
History (HY) | SCANDINAVIA (SCA) | MENU |
| WARWICK, THE EARL OF | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1471 |
Via The Wars of the Roses |
History (HY) | WARS OF THE ROSES (WOR) 1455-1485 |
MENU |
| WASHINGTON MONUMENT, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 |
Via Snippets - is completed |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| WASHINGTON TREATY, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1871 |
Via Treaty of Oregon - final settlement |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| WASHINGTON, GEORGE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1776 | Am.general in War of Independence | History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| WATERHOUSE, BENJAMIN | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1801 |
Via Jenner - American physicist |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| WATERLOO, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 | Final defeat of Napoleon | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| WATSON, THOMAS | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1876 |
Via Bell - assistant technician |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| WATT, JAMES | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1782 | Scottish engineer - rotary engine | Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| WATTEAU, ANTOINE | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1717 |
French rococo painter - Fête Galante |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| WATTS, ISAAC | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1707 |
English hymn writer - Jesus shall reign |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| WATTS-DUNTON, THEODORE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1879 |
Via Swinburne - English poet /critic |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| WAUGH, ANDREW | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
Via Snippets - naming of Mt. Everest |
History (HY) | INDIA (IND) | MENU |
| WEBB, ASTON | GEORGE V 1910-1936 (G5) | 1911 |
Via Queen Victoria- English architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| WEBB, CAPTAIN MATTHEW | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1875 |
Via Snippets - swims Eng.Channel |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| WEBB, JOHN | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1622 |
Via Inigo Jones - English architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| WEBB, PHILIP SPEAKMAN | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1870 |
Via Pre-Raphaelites- English architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| WEBB, SIDNEY & BEATRICE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via Shaw - social historians |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| WEBER, CARL MARIA VON | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1826 |
Via Mendelssohn - Romantic opera |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| WEBER, WILHELM | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1828 |
Via Gauss - German physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| WEBSTER, NOAH | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1828 |
Via Snippets - English Dictionary |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| WEBSTER-ASHBURTON TREATY, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1842 |
Via Union of Canada Act - border |
History (HY) | CANADA (CAN) | MENU |
| WEDDELL, JAMES | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1823 |
Via Antarctic - British explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| WEDGWOOD, JOSIAH | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1760 | English pottery manufacturer | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| WEDGWOOD, THOMAS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1802 |
Via Davy - early photography |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| WEEMS, MASON LOCKE | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1800 |
Via Washington - American writer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| WEIHAIWEI, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via First Sino-Japanese War |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| WELLESLEY, ARTHUR | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 |
Via Duke of Wellington |
History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| WELLINGTON, THE DUKE OF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1815 | Allied commander - Waterloo | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| WELLS FARGO & COMPANY | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1852 |
Via Snippets - stagecoach company |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| WELLS, H.G. | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 | English science fiction writer | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| WELLS, HORACE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1844 |
Via Davy - American dentist - gas |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| WELSBACH, CARL VON | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1885 |
Via Snippets - invents gas mantle |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| WENTWORTH, WILLIAM CHARLES | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1817 |
Via Botany Bay - Australian explorer |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| WERNER, ABRAHAM GOTTLOB | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1785 |
Via Hutton - German geologist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| WESLEY, CHARLES | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1739 | Leader/hymn writer of Methodism | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| WESLEY, JOHN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1739 | Preacher/leader of Methodism | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| WEST AFRICA - COLONIALISM | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1821 | Advances of the French and British | History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| WEST POINT MILITARY ACADEMY | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1802 |
Via Snippets - United States Army |
History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| WEST, BENJAMIN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1770 |
Via Wolfe - American painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| WESTERN AUSTRALIA - GOLD | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1892 |
Via Witwatersrand - Coolgardie |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| WESTINGHOUSE, GEORGE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1889 |
Via Edison - American inventor |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| WESTMINSTER ABBEY | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1245 |
Via Canterbury Cathedral - London |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| WESTMINSTER, THE TREATY OF | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1654 |
Via 1st Anglo-Dutch War - settlement |
History (HY) | NETHERLANDS (NET) | MENU |
| WESTMINSTER, THE TREATY OF | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1674 |
Via 3rd Anglo-Dutch War - settlement |
History (HY) | NETHERLANDS (NET) | MENU |
| WESTPHALIA, THE PEACE OF | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1648 | Agreement that ends Thirty Yrs War | History (HY) | THIRTY YEARS WAR (TYW) 1618-1648 |
MENU |
| WEXFORD, THE SIEGE OF | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1649 | Cromwell's campaign in Ireland | History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| WEYDEN, ROGIER VAN DER | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1435 |
Via Eyck - Flemish artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| WEYLER, GENERAL VALERIANO | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1896 |
Via Sp-Am. War - Spanish leader |
History (HY) | CUBA (CUB) | MENU |
| WHEATSTONE, CHARLES | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1837 |
Via Morse - invents telegraph |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| WHEWELL, WILLIAM | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1837 |
Via Faraday - English physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| WHISTLER, JAMES | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1871 | American artist - art for art's sake | Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| WHITAKER'S ALMANAC | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 |
Via Snippets - first edition |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| WHITE HOUSE, THE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1792 |
Via Gibbs - Palladian design |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| WHITE MOUNTAIN, THE BATTLE OF | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1620 |
Via Thirty Yrs War - Protestant defeat |
History (HY) | THIRTY YEARS WAR (TYW) 1618-1648 |
MENU |
| WHITE SHIP DISASTER, THE | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1120 | Death of William, heir to Eng.throne | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| WHITE, GILBERT | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1789 |
Via Gibbon- Eng.naturalist- Selborne |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| WHITE, JOHN | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1585 |
Via Lost Colony - colonist leader |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| WHITE, PEREGRINE | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1620 |
Via Pilgrim Fathers - first birth |
History (HY) | NORTH AMERICA (NAM) | MENU |
| WHITEFIELD, GEORGE | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1739 |
Via Methodism - founder/preacher |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| WHITEHEAD, ROBERT | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1866 |
Via Nobel - develops torpedo |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| WHITEHOUSE, EDWARD | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1858 |
Via Transatlantic cable - engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| WHITMAN, WALT | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
Via Lincoln - American poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| WHITNEY, ELI | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1793 | American inventor - cotton gin | Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| WHITTIER, JOHN GREENLEAF | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1855 |
Via Longfellow - American poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| WHITTINGTON, DICK | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1397 |
Via Richard Whittington - the legend |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| WHITTINGTON, RICHARD | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1397 | Elected Lord Mayor of London | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| WHITWORTH, JOSEPH | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1841 |
Via Great Exhibition - Eng.engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| WHYMPER, EDWARD | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
Via Snippets-first to climb Matterhorn |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| WIECK, FRIEDRICH | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1830 |
Via Schumann - German teacher |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| WILBERFORCE, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1807 |
Via Slave Trade-English philanthropist |
History (HY) | AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE (SLT) from c1502 |
MENU |
| WILBYE, JOHN | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1598 |
Via Spenser - English composer |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| WILD WEST SHOW, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1888 |
Via Snippets - by Samuel Cody |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| WILD, JONATHAN | GEORGE I (G1) 1714-1727 |
1725 |
Via Defoe -notorious London criminal |
History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| WILDE, OSCAR | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1809 | Napoleon defeats Austrians | History (HY) | NAPOLEONIC WARS (NAP) 1799-1815 |
MENU |
| WILDE, OSCAR | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 | Irish playwright, poet and dandy | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| WILHELM II, EMPEROR OF GERMANY | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1888 |
Via Bismarck - Emperor 1888-1918 |
History (HY) | GERMANY (GER) | MENU |
| WILKES, CHARLES | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1838 |
Via Ross - Eng.explorer - Antarctic |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| WILKES, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1763 | English parliamentary reformer | History (HY) | GREAT BRITAIN (GBR) May 1707-January 1801 |
MENU |
| WILKIE, DAVID | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1841 |
Via Turner - Scottish artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| WILKINS, JOHN | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1662 |
Via Royal Society - first secretary |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| WILKINSON, JOHN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1782 |
Via James Watt - Eng engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| WILLIAM I OF ENGLAND | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1066 | To 1087 - Conqueror of British Isles | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| WILLIAM I OF ORANGE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1579 |
Via Utrecht Union - independence |
History (HY) | NETHERLANDS (NET) | MENU |
| WILLIAM II (RUFUS) OF ENGLAND | WILLIAM II (W2) 1087-1100 |
1087 | To 1100 - Beginning of the Crusades | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| WILLIAM III, KING OF ENGLAND | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1689 | SCOTLAND and IRELAND - to 1702 | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| WILLIAM IV, OF UNITED KINGDOM | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1830 | To 1837 - Reform Bill & Poor Law | History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| WILLIAM OF RUBRUQUIS | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1253 |
Via Carpini - Fr. envoy to Mongolia |
Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| WILLIAM OF SALICETO | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1275 | Italian surgeon - treatise on surgery | Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| WILLIAM OF WYKEHAM | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1382 |
Via John Wycliffe - Chancellor |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| WILLIAM TELL | EDWARD I (E1) 1272-1307 |
1307 | Swiss legend -fight for independence | History (HY) | SWITZERLAND (SWI) | MENU |
| WILLIS, THOMAS | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1664 |
Via Malpighi - brain research |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| WILLS, WILLIAM JOHN | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1860 | Crosses Australia south to north | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| WILMOT, JAMES | JAMES I (J1) 1603-1625 |
1785 |
Via Bacon - Eng.clergyman/scholar |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| WILSING, JOHANNES | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1899 |
Via Marconi - German astronomer |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| WILSON, RICHARD | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1768 |
Via Gainsborough - Welsh artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| WIMBLEDON TENNIS CHAMPIONSHIPS | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1877 |
Via Snippets - first to be held |
Sport (SP) | XNA | MENU |
| WINCHESTER, THE BATTLE OF | STEPHEN (ST) 1135-1154 |
1141 | Qn.Matilda defeated by King Stephen | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| WINCKELMANN, JOHANN | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1755 |
Via Pompeii - German art historian |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| WINDSOR CASTLE | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1348 |
Via Order of Garter - serves as centre |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| WINDSOR, THE TREATY OF | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1175 |
Via Ireland - H2 recognised as king |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| WINDSOR, THE TREATY OF | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1386 | Between Portugal and England | History (HY) | PORTUGAL (POR) | MENU |
| WINGATE, GENERAL SIR REGINALD | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1899 |
Via Fashoda Incident - The Sudan |
History (HY) | SUDAN (SUD) | MENU |
| WINSOR, FREDERICK | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1804 |
Via Cugnot - German inventor |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| WINSTANLEY, HENRY | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1698 |
Via Smeaton - English civil engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| WINTON, ALEXANDER | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1897 |
Via Auto Industry- American engineer |
Engineering (EN) | XNA | MENU |
| WISHART, GEORGE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1543 |
Via Calvin - Scot.Protestant reformer |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| WITCHCRAFT | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1644 | Witch Hunt hysteria- Europe/America | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| WITHERING, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1785 |
Via Snippets - digitalis - medical uses |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| WITWATERSRAND GOLD RUSH | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1886 | and Australia, Canada and Alaska | Exploration (EX) | XNA | MENU |
| WITZ, KONRAD | HENRY VI (H6) 1422-1461 |
1444 |
Via Eyck - German-Swiss artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| WIVES OF HENRY VIII, THE | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1533 | Six wives of Engish King Henry VIII | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| WOHLER, FRIEDRICH | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1827 |
Via Faraday - German chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| WOLFE, CHARLES | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1809 |
Via Corunna - Irish poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| WOLFE, JAMES | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1759 |
Via Battle of Quebec- English General |
History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| WOLFERT, FRIEDRICH | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1897 |
Via Daimler - German airship pilot |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| WOLLASTON MEDAL, THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1831 |
Via Berzelius - geological award |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| WOLLASTON, WILLIAM HYDE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1818 |
Via Berzelius - English chemist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| WOLLSTONECRAFT, MARY | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1792 | English writer - Rights of Women | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| WOLSELEY, GENERAL SIR GARNET | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1873 |
Via Third Anglo-Ashanti War |
History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| WOLSEY, THOMAS | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1515 | English Cardinal and first minister | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| WOOD, HENRY | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1895 |
Via Elgar - Engish conductor |
Music (MU) | XNA | MENU |
| WOOD, JOHN, THE ELDER | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1754 |
Via Beau Nash - English architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| WOOD, JOHN, THE YOUNGER | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1767 |
Via Beau Nash - English architect |
Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| WOOD, LEONARD | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1898 |
Via Sp.-Am.War - Cuban governor |
History (HY) | CUBA (CUB) | MENU |
| WOOD, MRS HENRY | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1861 |
Via Poe - Eng. melodramatic novelist. |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| WOOD, RALPH | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1762 |
Via Snippets - the first Toby Jug |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| WOODVILLE, ELIZABETH | RICHARD III (R3) 1483-1485 |
1483 |
Via Richard III - wife of Edward IV |
History (HY) | WARS OF THE ROSES (WOR) 1455-1485 |
MENU |
| WORCESTER, THE BATTLE OF | COMMONWEALTH (CW) 1649-1660 |
1651 | Cromwell defeats Charles Stuart | History (HY) | ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (ECW) 1642-1651 |
MENU |
| WORDSWORTH, DOROTHY | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1807 |
Via Wordsworth - talented sister |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| WORDSWORTH, WILLIAM | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1807 |
English romantic poet - Daffodils |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| WORK, HENRY CLAY | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
Via Gettysburg - march to the sea |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| WORMS, THE COUNCIL OF | HENRY I (H1) 1100-1135 |
1122 | Settles the Investiture Controversy | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| WOUNDED KNEE, BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1890 | Marks end of Sioux resistance | History (HY) | UNITED STATES (USA) | MENU |
| WREN, CHRISTOPHER | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1675 | English architect-St.Paul's Cathedral | Architecture (AR) | XNA | MENU |
| WRIGHT OF DERBY, JOSEPH | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1768 |
Via Reynolds-Eng.artist-The Air Pump |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| WRIGHT, THOMAS | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1750 |
Via Lacaille - English astronomer |
Astronomy (AS) | XNA | MENU |
| WROE, JAMES | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1819 |
Via Peterloo - radical journalist |
History (HY) | UNITED KINGDOM (UK) from May 1801 |
MENU |
| WU CIXI, EMPEROR DOWAGER | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 |
Via Boxer Rebellion - 1862-1908 |
History (HY) | BOXER REBELLION (TBR) 1899-1901 |
MENU |
| WU LI, PINYIN | ANNE (AN) 1702-1714 |
1703 |
Chinese artist - The Old Snow Man |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| WUCHALE, THE TREATY OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1889 |
Via First Italo-Ethiopian War |
History (HY) | ETHIOPIA (ETH) | MENU |
| WYATT REBELLION, THE | MARY I (M1) 1553-1558 |
1554 | Revolt against Spanish royal marriage | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| WYATT, SIR THOMAS, ELDER | MARY I (M1) 1553-1558 |
1557 |
Via Wyatt Rebellion - English poet |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| WYATT, SIR THOMAS, YOUNGER | MARY I (M1) 1553-1558 |
1554 |
Via Wyatt Rebellion - rebel leader |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| WYCHERLEY, WILLIAM | CHARLES II (C2) 1660-1685 |
1671 |
Via Dryden - English dramatist |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| WYCLIFFE, JOHN | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1376 | Eng. theologian & Church reformer | Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| WYSS, JOHANN DAVID | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 |
Via Wyss - Swiss Family Robinson |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| WYSS, JOHANN RUDOLF | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1813 | Publication of Swiss Family Robinson | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| X | ||||||
| XAVIER, FRANCIS | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1534 |
Via Jesuits - Spanish missionary |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| Y | ||||||
| YAA ASANTEWAA | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 |
Via War of the Golden Stool - Queen |
History (HY) | WEST AFRICA (WAF) | MENU |
| YALE UNIVERSITY | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1718 |
Via Harvard University - Connecticut |
Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| YALE, ELIHU | CHARLES I (C1) 1625-1649 |
1718 |
Via Yale - Welsh benefactor |
Education (ED) | XNA | MENU |
| YALU RIVER, THE BATTLE OF | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1894 |
Via First Sino-Japanese War |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| YANDABO, THE TREATY OF | GEORGE IV (G4) 1820-1830 |
1826 |
Via First Anglo-Burmese War |
History (HY) | SOUTHEAST ASIA (SEA) | MENU |
| YANK OR YANKEE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1865 |
Via American Civil War - term used |
History (HY) | AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (ACW) 1861-1865 |
MENU |
| YARA, THE CRY OF | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 |
Via Cuban Revolt - for independence |
History (HY) | CUBA (CUB) | MENU |
| YEAR OF REVOLUTIONS, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 | Series of European rebellions | History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| YELLOW FORD, THE BATTLE OF THE | ELIZABETH I (L1) 1558-1603 |
1598 |
Via Ireland - Irish defeat English |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| YEOMEN OF THE GUARD | HENRY VII (H7) 1485-1509 |
1485 |
Via Snippets - Tower of London |
History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| YERSIN, ALEXANDRE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1884 |
Via Pasteur - French-Swiss physician |
Medicine (MD) | XNA | MENU |
| YORITOMO, MINAMOTO | RICHARD I (R1) 1189-1199 |
1192 |
Via Shugunate - founder of system |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| YORKISTS, THE | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1461 | To King Richard III 1485 | History (HY) | ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES to May 1707 (ESW) |
MENU |
| YORKTOWN, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1781 | Americans gain their independence | History (HY) | AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (AWI) 1775-1783 |
MENU |
| YOSHIMASA, SHOGUN | EDWARD IV (E4) 1461-1483 |
1467 |
Via Onin War - period of arts/crafts |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| YOSHIMITSU, SHOGUN | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1392 | Shogun 1368-1394 - reunites Japan | History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| YOSHINO, COURT OF, JAPAN | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1336 | Civil War - with rival court Kyoto | History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| YOSHINOBU, SHOGUN | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1868 |
Via Boshin War - leader of revolt |
History (HY) | JAPAN (JAP) | MENU |
| YOUNG IRELAND MOVEMENT, THE | VICTORIA (Va) 1837-1861 |
1848 |
Via Great Potato Famine - uprising |
History (HY) | IRELAND (IRE) | MENU |
| YOUNG, ARTHUR | GEORGE III (G3b) 1783-1802 |
1792 |
Via Industrial Revolution - agriculture |
Agriculture (AG) | XNA | MENU |
| YOUNG, BRIGHAM | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1830 |
Via Mormon Church - leader |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| YOUNG, EDWARD | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1745 |
Via Gray - Eng.poet - Night Thoughts |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| YOUNG, THOMAS | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1817 |
Via Dalton - English physicist |
Science (SC) | XNA | MENU |
| YUAN EMPIRE, THE | HENRY III (H3) 1216-1272 |
1279 |
Via Kublai Khan - dynasty established |
History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| YUNG LO TA TIEN | HENRY IV (H4) 1399-1413 |
1407 | Vast Chinese encylopedia | Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| YUNG-LO, EMPEROR | HENRY V (H5) 1413-1422 |
1414 | to 1424 - builder of Forbidden City | History (HY) | CHINA (CHI) | MENU |
| YUSUF I OF GRANADA | EDWARD III (E3) 1327-1377 |
1340 |
Via Battle of Rio Salado - survives |
History (HY) | MOORS (MOO) | MENU |
| Z | ||||||
| ZALAKA, THE BATTLE OF | WILLIAM I (W1) 1066-1087 |
1086 | Alfonso VI is defeated by Almoravids | History (HY) | MOORS (MOO) | MENU |
| ZEAMI, MOTOKIYO | RICHARD II (R2) 1377-1399 |
1385 |
Via Noh Drama - principal producer |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| ZEDE, GUSTAVE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1888 |
Via Fulton - modern submarine |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| ZENTA, THE BATTLE OF | WILLIAM III (W3) 1689-1702 |
1697 | Ottomans defeated - Karlowitz Treaty | History (HY) | OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OTT) 1301-1922 |
MENU |
| ZEPPELIN, FERDINAND VON | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1900 |
Via Daimler- German airship designer |
Invention (IN) | XNA | MENU |
| ZHU XI | HENRY (H2) II 1154-1189 |
1180 |
Via Maimonides - Confucian scholar |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
| ZIMBABWE, GREAT EMPIRE OF | HENRY IV (H4) 1399-1413 |
1400 | Reaches the height of its power | History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| ZIONIST MOVEMENT, THE | VICTORIA (Vc) 1881-1901 |
1897 |
Via Dreyfus Affair - Jewish state |
History (HY) | FRANCE (FRA) | MENU |
| ZOFFANY, JOHANN | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1772 |
Via Reynolds - German artist |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ZOLA, EMILE | VICTORIA (Vb) 1862-1880 |
1880 |
French naturalist novelist - Nana |
Literature (LT) | XNA | MENU |
| ZOLLVEREIN, THE | WILLIAM IV (W4) 1830-1837 |
1834 |
Via German Confed- a customs union |
History (HY) | GERMANY (GER) | MENU |
| ZORNDORF, THE BATTLE OF | GEORGE II (G2) 1727-1760 |
1758 |
Via Seven Yrs War - Prussian victory |
History (HY) | SEVEN YEARS WAR (SYW) 1756-1763 |
MENU |
| ZUCCHI, ANTONIO | GEORGE III (G3a) 1760-1783 |
1781 |
Via Kaufmann - Venetian painter |
Visual Arts (VA) | XNA | MENU |
| ZULU EMPIRE, RISE OF THE | GEORGE III (G3c) 1802-1820 |
1817 | Founded by King Shaka | History (HY) | SOUTH AFRICA (SAF) | MENU |
| ZWINGLI, ULRICH | HENRY VIII (H8) 1509-1547 |
1523 |
Via Luther - Swiss protestant reformer |
Religion (RN) | XNA | MENU |
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